MAN 3025 Final

Which of the following is true of conflict among groups?

A certain level of conflict among group members can spark creativity and initiative

Task group

A group created by the organization to accomplish a relatively narrow range of purposes within a stated or implied time horizon

Team

A group of workers that functions as a unit, often with little or no supervision. to carry out work-related tasks, functions, and activities

Functional group

A permanent group created by the organization to accomplish a number of organizational purposes with an unspecified time horizon

According to expectancy theory, in order for motivated behavior to occur, which condition must be met?

A person must believe that if effort is expended, high performance will result

Path-goal theory

A theory of leadership suggesting that the primary functions of a leader are to make valued or desired rewards available in the workplace and to clarify for the subordinate the kinds of behavior that will lead to those rewards

LPC Theory

A theory of leadership that suggests that the appropriate style of leadership varies with situational favorableness

Political behavior

Activities carried out for the specific purpose of acquiring, developing, and using power and other resources to obtain one's preferred outcomes

Group

Consists of two or more people who interact regularly to accomplish a common purpose or goal

Which of the following is a method of controlling conflict?

Expanding the resource base

Which of the following can generate conflict within an organization?

Hiring outsiders

Hua spends the majority of the day responding to email, in conferences, and meeting with clients. Which managerial skills does Hua spend most of his time on?

Interpersonal Relations

What can leadership, in conjunction with management skills, do for an organization?

Keep it aligned with its environment

Which of the following is a form of political behavior that involves convincing others to support a goal on grounds that are objective and logical as well as subjective and personal?

Persuasion

Which of the following is a medium for transmitting an oral message?

Phone Call

Which form of communication is most appropriate if you need to keep a permanent record of the exchange?

Written

Bhavik loves working with numbers and wants to do work in accounting, but he does not have the necessary skills. In this situation, his individual performance will be negatively impacted by _____.

Ability

Valence

An index of how much a person wants a particular outcome

Grapevine

An informal communication network among people in an organization

Content perspectives

Approach to motivation that tries to answer the question: What factor(s) motivate people?

Process perspectives

Approaches to motivation that focuses on why people choose certain behavioral options to fulfill their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained these goals

Role ambiguity

Arises when the sent role is unclear and the individual does not know what is expected of them

Kaia's company has just started a safety program for the plant floor in order to improve safety. For every month that the plant has no on-the-job injuries, all employees receive a bonus. What is Kaia's company using to motivate employees?

Behavior modification

Nour learned that the upcoming company reorganization is likely to impact her department, meaning changes of duties for some of them. Nour quickly shared this information with the members of her team, and by the end of the day, word was spreading that many of them were going to be let go. Word got back to Rene, the department manager. While it is true that a reorganization is in the works, there are no plans to eliminate any positions. How can Rene minimize the damage that the grapevine does?

By clearly and openly explaining that no one will lose their jobs

Rocky, Natashia, and Borov meet once a week over lunch to discuss volunteer efforts in the community. This is an interest group, which means that the group was formed _____.

By its own members

Jane is the CEO of Dreiden Publishing Company. She is highly influential, not only in her own firm, but throughout the industry. Jane is principled in her leadership style and projects an air of self-confidence. Jane's particular form of interpersonal attraction makes her a _____.

Charismatic leader

Ben learned that the upcoming company reorganization is likely to impact his department, meaning changes of duties for some of them. Of the eight people on Ben's team, he is closest with Linda and Roberto. He shares this news with the two of them. Linda keeps it to herself, but Roberto tells Davida. This is an example of which type of grapevine?

Cluster chain

Nancy tells her staff that they must finish their project by the end of the day, even if that means working until midnight. When Pallavi told Nancy she had a meeting and could not stay, Nancy said she would do her best to have Pallavi fired if she did not stay. Which type of power does Nancy rely on?

Coercion

While preparing to negotiate a new labor contract with the union, management discussed a variety of alternative tactics the union representatives might use. Which approach for negotiating is management using to try to predict how the negotiators might depart from perfect rationality?

Cognitive

Horizontal communication

Communication that flows laterally within the organization; involves colleagues and peers at the same level of the organization and may involve individuals from several different organizational units

Vertical communication

Communication that flows up and down the organization, usually along formal reporting lines; takes place between mangers and their superiors and subordinates and may involve several different levels of the organization

As a nurse, Raj works four ten-hour days per week. This allows him to have better control over patient care. Which type of scheduling does Raj's hospital use?

Compressed

Which of the following refer(s) to an approach to motivation that tries to answer the question, "What factors motivate people?"

Content perspectives

Informal or Interest group

Created by its members for purposes that may or not be relevant to those of the organization

Mikel runs the marketing department, and he assigns accounts to groups of employees instead of just one employee. He allows the group to control the work, including who does the work and when it is done. Which type of method does Mikel use to empower his employees?

Decentralized teams

In the communication process, what is the process of interpreting the meaning to the best of our ability?

Decoding

According to a basic premise of Vroom's decision tree, after evaluating the characteristics of a problem or decision, the leader will _____.

Determine an appropriate decision style that specifies the amount of subordinate participation

Sabine's company allows all employees to become meaningful stakeholders in the organization. What type of group-level reward system does Sabine's company use?

Employee stock ownership plans

The communication process begins when a sender wants to transmit a fact, idea, opinion, or other information to a receiver. The next step is to _____.

Encode the meaning into a form appropriate to the situation

In order to improve communication effectiveness, managers should _____.

Encourage a two-way communication process

Eamon was asked to conduct a cost analysis for a new product line. As a junior employee in the organization, he has very little experience with this, and wants to be sure he, and his work, is viewed as a credible source of information. How can Eamon help to ensure creditably?

Ensure accurate and honest representation of facts

Employees at LevelTech are paid every Friday. This is an example of reinforcement that is provided on which type of schedule?

Fixed-interval

The sales department at Midwest Textiles has been together for years, and when they meet their identified objectives, they move on to new ones. Which type of group is the sales department considered to be?

Functional group

Jolanta's department using a reward system. When employees offer ideas that save the company money, the group will receive up to 20 percent of the money the company saves. Which type of reward system does Jolanta's department use?

Gainsharing

Montazar learned some interesting news about Dezmon, a colleague in another department. Montazar shared the information with his work team at their morning break, and with other work friends at lunch. Some of these people shared the information with others, while some did not. This is an example of which type of grapevine?

Gossip chain

Which type of communication network can permeate an entire organization and follow a variety of communication patterns?

Grapevine

Tim feels strongly about rescuing stray dogs and cats. He joined Save Our Furry Friends, a local animal activist group, to support that cause. He does not enjoy participating in the group's fundraising or social events, but he does give donations regularly. The main reason Tim joined the group is for _____.

Group goals

As a manager, Zereth provides her team with broad goals, then allows them to be self-directed in carrying out routine activities that support those goals. Which of the following does Zereth use to motivate her employees?

Human relations approach

In addition to various theories, research has focused on other needs that are important to organizations, including achievement, affiliation, and power. Which type of needs are these?

Individual

_____ provide daily reports, schedules, plans, and budgets.

Information systems

Tredwell Industries has initiated a new system that sends feedback from customer service to the product development team. When possible, the feedback is incorporated into new product design, and customer service is notified of the team's contribution. When the suggestions are not practical or appropriate, an explanation is sent to the customer service team so they know that the concern was addressed and can understand why it was not incorporated. This new system should decrease _____.

Intergroup conflict between customer service and production

A manufacturer of small gaskets realized it could not produce enough to fill the order from one of its customers and called to tell the customer the order will be delayed. This angered the organization that needed the parts for its own manufacturing process, and it demanded the parts be sent immediately. Which type of conflict occurred between the manufacturer and the company it was supplying?

Interorganizational

Xavier and Rene, both of whom work in the admissions office, argue constantly about which company they should use to service the copy machine. Which type of conflict are they experiencing?

Interpersonal

Which of the following is true of an interest group?

It is created by its own members

A strategic leader needs a thorough understanding of the organization itself, including _____.

Its culture

Which of the following did Fiedler argue about the relationship between the leader's style and its relationship to a specific situation?

Leadership style is fixed, so situations must be changed to match the leadership style

Nila finds her work very fulfilling. While salary is important to her, Nila is most satisfied with the recognition she receives for her efforts on a cross-departmental work team. Her supervisor and team leader have both expressed the company's gratitude for her contributions and praise for her performance. Based on the two-factor theory of motivation, Nila's satisfaction derives from which type of factors?

Motivation

Role overload

Occurs when expectations for the role exceed the person's ability to perform

Role conflict

Occurs when the messages and cues composing the sent roles are clear but contradictory or mutually exclusive

Willa has a sensitive announcement to make to her team of 12 sales representatives. She wants to meet with each of them independently so that she can discreetly address any of their individual concerns. Which form of interpersonal communication is Willa using?

Oral

Lupita is spearheading an important project for her firm. Every day she receives countless emails from her direct supervisor, the managers of three other departments, and numerous colleagues with suggestions and guidelines regarding features the project must include, budget requirements, and scheduling needs. Lupita is not certain which information is critical to the project and what is just opinions or advice that does not need to be followed. Lupita is experiencing the organizational communication barrier of _____.

Overload

Pallavi has a high concern for production. However, her department has high turnover and low morale. What should Pallavi focus on, based on the Leadership Grid, to improve the effectiveness of her leadership style?

People

Louisa works in a warehouse where all promotions are on a schedule based on length of employment. Every six months she can expect a modest raise in salary, with promotions to the next level every 18 months. There is nothing Louisa can do to increase the raise amount or secure a promotion any sooner. In this situation, which type of expectancy is very weak?

Performance-to-outcome expectancy

Jinhoon and Aviva have worked together on several projects, and have enjoyed working together. On occasion, they get together with their spouses and all of them spend time socializing on weekends. Which of the following does this relationship describe?

Positive interpersonal dynamics

Legitimate Power

Power granted through the organizational hierarchy

Vroom's decision tree approach

Predicts what kinds of situations call for different degrees of group participation

Which of the following are approaches to motivation focusing on why people choose certain behavioral options to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained those goals?

Process Perspectives

Fixed-ratio schedule

Provides reinforcement after a fixed number of behaviors regardless of the time interval involved, such as a bonus for every fifth sale

Variable-ratio schedule

Provides reinforcement after varying numbers of behaviors are performed, such as the use of compliments by a supervisor

Fixed-interval schedule

Provides reinforcement at fixed intervals of time, such as regular weekly paychecks

Variable-interval schedule

Provides reinforcement at varying intervals of time, such as occasional visits by the supervisor

Olesia has worked for the same company for five years and knows she does a good job. Recently, a new employee was hired in her department, and Olesia heard the new person is being paid more than she is. According to equity theory, what might Olesia do because she feels underrewarded?

Reduce the inequity

Which approach to motivation argues that when behavior is rewarded, it is more likely to be repeated, and behavior that results in punishment is less likely to be repeated?

Reinforcement theory

In the LPC measure, what does a high score reflect on the part of the leader?

Relationship orientation

Raul is preparing performance reviews and salary increase suggestions for his staff, which he will then submit to his manager for approval. When determining praise and recognition, which type of power will Raul need to use?

Reward

Steve decides how projects are assigned to his staff and has final approval on overtime hours. Which type of power is this?

Reward

Eric was recently hired as a marketing associate at Tredwell Industries. His job involves assisting in the preparation of marketing materials for one of Tredwell's new product lines. He's been told to put together a product spec sheet, but he's received no further guidance or sample spec sheets to use as a model. Eric has done similar work for his previous employer, but he does not know what the standards or expectations are at Tredwell. Eric is experiencing _____.

Role Ambiguity

At the quarterly company meeting, the CEO spoke repeatedly about the importance of return on investment. His purpose was to underscore smart budget decisions, wise investments, and taking advantage of opportunities to grow the business in a way that would reward all employees. However, the employees understood the term to mean that budget would be cut and resources reduced to increase profits for shareholders and senior management. This scenario illustrates what organizational barrier to communication?

Semantics

Often negotiators cannot change their relative power positions. This is a drawback to which negotiation approach?

Situational characteristics

As a new employee, Ahmed is learning a lot about how to do his job. In addition, he is learning about some unwritten rules, such as what time to show up, how long to take for lunch, and that his manager discourages personal calls during work time. What process is Ahmed experiencing as he moves from being an outsider to being an insider?

Socialization

Norms

Standards of behavior that the group accepts for and expects of its members

Leader-member exchange (LMX) model

Stresses that leaders have different kinds of relationships with different subordinates

The leader-member exchange (LMX) model of leadership _____,

Stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates

According to the theory of charismatic leadership by Robert House, which trait do charismatic leaders often possess?

Strong need to influence

Expectancy theory

Suggests that motivation depends on two things-how much we want something and how likely we think we are to get it

ERG Theory of Motivation

Suggests that people's needs are grouped into three possibly overlapping categories-existence, relatedness and growth

Two-factor theory of motivation

Suggests that people's satisfaction and dissatisfaction are influenced by two independent sets of factors-motivation factors and hygiene factors

Jamal and Erika have opposing political views, and almost every conversation they have, on any topic, eventually leads to an argument. They were recently paired up to run a fundraising campaign to help fund an afterschool program for underprivileged children in their community. They were able to work together well enough that the campaign reached its goal and the program was able to open. What did Jamal and Erika use to manage their potential for conflict?

Superordinate goals

People who support one another and who work well together can accomplish much more than people who do not support one another and who do not work well together. This is an example of _____.

Synergy

Initiating-structure behavior

The behavior of leaders who define the leader-subordinate role so that everyone knows what is expected, establish formal lines of communication, and determine how tasks will be performed

Employee-centered leader behavior

The behavior of leaders who develop cohesive work groups and ensure employee satisfaction

Effort-to-performance expectancy

The individual's perception of the probability that effort will lead to high performance

Performance-to-outcome expectancy

The individual's perception that performance will lead to a specific outcome

Least-preferred coworker (LPC) measure

The measuring scale that asks leaders to describe the person with whom they are able to work least well with

Referent power

The personal power that accrues to someone based on identification, imitation, loyalty, or charisma

Expert power

The personal power that accrues to someone based on the information or expertise they possess

Coercive power

The power to force compliance by the means of psychological, emotional, or physical threat

Reward power

The power to give or withhold rewards, such as salary increases, bonuses, promotions etc.

Kelsey thinks all sales presentations should use a standard format to promote consistency across brands and build the corporate image. Julio strongly disagrees. He feels creativity and customization are necessary to make each brand stand out in the marketplace. Which of the following is true of the conflict between Kelsey and Julio?

This interpersonal conflict is based upon different beliefs about work

How many people are required to be considered a group if they are interacting regularly to accomplish a common purpose or goal?

Two