MAN3240 Exam 1 Study
Work closely together -
Meaningful interaction is strongest when people _____
(1) resistance (2) alarm reaction (3) exhaustion -
What are the three stages of the general adaption syndrome?
The "value-expressive" function of voice states that ______. -
employees react favorably to having an opportunity to express their views on an issue
What are the variables depicted by the MARS model? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Ability -Motivation -Situational factors -Role perceptions
Which of the following is defined as the natural aptitudes and learned capabilities needed to successfully complete a task? -
Ability
Which statement is consistent with the concept of the contingency anchor of OB? -
Actions may have different consequences in different situations.
external self-concept -
Another name for social identity is ____________.
In terms of individual employee behavior and performance, what is the situation? -
Any context beyond the employee's immediate control
In which of the following jobs would a high level of emotional intelligence be least necessary? -
Assembly line worker
______ represent the cluster of beliefs, assessed feelings, and behavioral intentions toward a person, an object, or an event. -
Attitudes
______ is our ability to perceive, express, understand, reason with, and regulate our emotions as well as others' emotions. -
Emotional intelligence
True or False: Diversity awareness training programs have been proven to be very successful in eliminating stereotypes and biases. -
False
True or false: There is a very low positive relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance. -
False
Which of the following has made it possible to work away from the company's traditional offices? -
Information technology
Of the following countries, which discourages emotional expression and expects people to behave in a relatively subdued fashion? -
Japan
-Emotional experiences -Perceived job characteristics -The work environment -
Job satisfaction includes an appraisal of which of the following elements?
stereotyping -
Lakeisha believes that all men are poor listeners. This is an example of ______.
Which are elements of ability? (Choose every correct answer.) -
Learned capabilities Natural talents
Lacking the proper equipment to do a job would be an example of which work-related stressor? -
Organizational constraint
Neuroticism -
Prone to insecurity and anxiety
What are the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome? (Choose every correct answer.) -
Resistance Exhaustion Alarm reaction
The teacher told the students she would open the windows since it was a nice day outside, but they had to ignore the sounds of the children on the playground and focus on what she was saying. What was the teacher asking the students to practice? -
Selective attention
What term describes our ability to focus attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out other stimuli? -
Selective attention
_______ can be described as a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. -
Self-esteem
When Karolyn met her monthly sales quota, she believed it was because she is a good salesperson and a hard worker. When she missed her quota the following month, she blamed it on the fact that her competitor introduced a new ad campaign. What bias is Karolyn demonstrating? -
Self-serving bias
True or False: The Implicit Association Test (IAT) attempts to detect people's stereotypes and prejudices by associating positive and negative words with specific demographic groups. -
True
True or false: A limitation of cross-cultural research is that several studies incorrectly assumed that people in a specific country or geographic region share similar values. -
True
(1) your minority status within a group (2) how easily you are identified as a group member (3) the overall status of the group -
What are 3 factors related to group membership that can affect an individual's social identity?
(1) difference in cultural values (2) employee reluctant to reveal true feelings (3) differences in economic conditions -
What are 3 factors that make it difficult to compare the responses in a job satisfaction survey?
self-serving bias -
When Karolyn met her monthly sales quota, she believed it was because she is a good salesperson and a hard worker. When she missed her quota the following month, she blamed it on the fact that her competitor introduced a new ad and campaign. This is an example of the _________.
-EAPs -Physical exercise -Meditation -
Which of the following are strategies that an employee can use to control the consequences of stress?
taking a vacation -
Which of the following is an example of "withdrawing from the stressor" as a strategy for managing work-related stress?
When the management team realized that Maddie was unable to contribute to the marketing team efforts, she was transferred to customer service because her best skill was solving customer issues. Which stress management strategy does this reflect? -
Withdraw from the stressor
What term describes the ability of employees to minimize conflict between their work and nonwork roles? -
Work-life integration
Hardwired characteristics of the brain that attempt to maintain internal equilibrium by correcting deficiencies are known as ______, or primary needs. -
drives
According to the four-drive theory, _____ are the source of human motivation. -
emotions
The motivation theory that explains how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution and exchange of resources is known as ______ theory. -
equity
_________ is the study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad. -
ethics
Alexis assumes that people who live in Utah are Mormons. This is an example of ______. -
homogenization
A(n) _____ is a set of tasks performed by one person. -
job
The degree to which employees can tell how well they are performing on the basis of direct sensory information from the job itself is known as ______. -
job feedback
One of the key differences between attitudes and emotions is that attitudes are ______, whereas emotions are experiences. -
judgments
People who have an obsessive belief in their superiority and entitlement are considered ______. -
narcissists
The theory of motivation that explains employee behavior in terms of antecedent conditions and consequences of behavior is known as ______. -
organizational behavior modification
The concept that includes the organization's fit with its external environment, emphasis on organizational learning, and the ability to satisfy the needs of key stakeholders is known as ______. -
organizational effectiveness
The practice of moving employees from one job to another is referred to as job ______. -
rotation
Even though Temika has received good performance reviews from her boss, she is plagued with self-doubt and often worries that she doesn't have the knowledge or experience to do her job well. Temika has low ______. -
self-efficacy
The "can do" facet of our personality is referred to as ______. -
self-efficacy
Barbara feels good about herself. She believes she is a caring person, a good mother, and a trustworthy employee. Barbara has high _______. -
self-esteem
Three important components of social cognitive theory include: learning behavioral consequences, behavior modeling, and ______. -
self-regulation
Carl Jung proposed that there are two ways in which people prefer to gather information or perceive the world around them: ______. -
sensing and intuition
An environmental condition that places a physical or emotional demand on an individual is referred to as a(n) ______. -
stressor
The extent to which people tolerate or feel threatened by ambiguity is referred to as ______. -
uncertainty avoidance
The study of organizational behavior looks at which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Employee perceptions -Employee behavior -Employee decisions
Which of the following are linked to high or persistent stress in the workplace? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Poor decision making -Aggressive behavior -Job dissatisfaction
Which of the following job outcomes are associated with employees having higher emotional intelligence? -
-They function more effectively as team members. -They make better decisions involving other people. -They maintain a more positive mindset for creative work.
Which Big Five personality trait would be associated with someone who is good-natured, empathetic, considerate, and caring? -
Agreeableness
Which of the following is the BEST definition of stress? -
An adaptive response to a situation perceived to be challenging or threatening
Which of the following is the best definition of stress? -
An adaptive response to a situation perceived to be challenging or threatening
affective -
Employees with higher levels of ______ commitment are more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behaviors.
______ are intended to motivate and guide employee behavior and signal the importance of ethical conduct. -
Ethics codes
Kevin appreciates the company he works for because he is allowed to telecommute three days a week, which eliminates his commute times on those days and allows him to pick up his children from school. What does Kevin's company do to help manage work-related stress? -
Improve work-life balance
Which of the following is the best example of an effective goal? -
Increase sales by 5% during the next quarter
Which of the following outcomes would be expected if an organization implemented an ongoing skills-based training program for assembly line workers in which the workers' learning efforts resulted in recognition of increased abilities? -
Increased effort-to-performance expectancies
self-enhancement -
Maria feels she is a better-than-average test-taker and will get a good score on the PSAT when she takes it next fall. Her feelings reflect the phenomenon known as _______.
______ is the relatively stable pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize an individual. -
Personality
Which of the following is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy? -
Physiological
People are indirectly motivated to align their personal values with which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) -
Self-presentation Self-concept
______ occurs when we look for feedback from others that supports the way that we see ourselves, even if it isn't necessarily flattering. -
Self-verification
Which discipline has provided OB with much of its knowledge of team dynamics, organizational socialization and power, and other aspects of the social system? -
Sociology
Which of the following is an example of "withdrawing from the stressor" as a strategy for managing work-related stress? -
Taking a vacation
What term is defined as an individual's voluntary goal-directed behaviors that contribute to organizational objectives? -
Task performance
selective attention -
The teacher told the students she would open the window since it was a nice day outside but they had to ignore the sounds of the children on the playground & focus on what she was saying. The teacher was asking the students to practice ____________.
social identity -
The theory that suggests that we define ourselves by the groups to which we belong or to which we have an emotional attachment is _____________ theory.
(1) regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle (2) denying the existence of the stressor (3) reframing the stressor in a more positive manner -
Three coping mechanisms for handling workplace stress include __________.
How is the implicit association test (IAT) used? -
To detect subtle racial, age, and gender biases by associating words with specific demographic groups
True or false: Job specialization can lead to lower work quality. -
True
Beatrice, a sales manager at Nelson Electronics, put in place a generous commission plan for her sales staff: the more they sell, the more they earn. This commission plan is designed to fulfill her salespeople's drive to ______. -
acquire
Employees with higher levels of ______ commitment are more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behaviors. -
affective
The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs, is known as job ______. -
design
Norms that require us to exhibit certain emotions and conceal others are known as ______. -
display rules
To better understand business ethics, it is important to consider four distinct types of ethical principles: utilitarianism, individual rights, ethic of care, and ______ justice. -
distributive
The primary needs of human beings are also referred to as ______. -
drives
Tameka just found out that a prospective customer she has been working with for months has placed a large order with her company. She thrusts her fist in the air jubilantly and yells "Yes!" Tameka is experiencing a(n) ______. -
emotion
Tyler works at the front desk of a large hotel and often deals with travelers who are tired and irritated, so he frequently masks his own irritation and "puts on a happy face." This is an example of ______. -
emotional labor
Bella was frustrated with her organizational behavior class and thought it was a waste of time. She was surprised to learn many classmates thought it was the best class they had taken in a long time. This is an example of the ______ effect. -
false-consensus
An individual who is enthusiastic or elated would be experiencing a ______ emotion. -
high-activation, positive
People who value personal freedom, self-sufficiency, and control over their own lives have high ______. -
individualism
Our perception of the fairness of the processes used to allocate resources or resolve disputes is referred to as _____ justice. -
procedural
Personal values indirectly motivate decisions and behavior by framing our perceptions of _____. -
reality
Personal values indirectly motivate decisions and behavior by framing our perceptions of ______ -
reality
Despite the fact that Joel has attained his sales goals for most of the year, his annual performance review is heavily influenced by the fact that Joel didn't attain his sales goal during the past month. This is due to the ______ effect. -
recency
Using information technology, Alyssa works from home as a medical billing specialist for a large corporation. This arrangement is known as ______. -
remote work
The stage of the general adaption syndrome in which a person develops coping mechanisms to overcome or remove the source of stress is the ______ stage. -
resistance
The ______ occurs when our expectations about another person cause him or her to act in a way that is consistent with those expectations. -
self-fulfilling prophecy
At an automotive assembly plant, one worker tightens the bolts on a windshield wiper assembly, and the vehicle moves along the assembly line to the next worker, who then fastens the blades to the wiper assembly. This is an example of job ______. -
specialization
The subdivision of work into separate jobs assigned to different people is referred to as job ______. -
specialization
The conceptual anchor that suggests that OB should be studied using evidence-based management and methodical research techniques is the ______ anchor. -
systematic research
An employee who is most comfortable if there are rules, policies, and procedures in place that dictate how jobs are supposed to be done would likely have a high ______. -
uncertainty avoidance
What two dimensions do all emotions have? -
Activation and evaluation
moderate -
Based on the "happy worker" hypothesis, there is a _______ positive relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance.
What term describes understanding and being sensitive to the feelings, thoughts, and situations of others? -
Empathy
Which of the following is a quadrant in Schwartz's values circumplex? -
Conservation
What is the term for the cluster of three socially undesirable personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy)? -
Dark Triad
What are the basic characteristics of the forces that make up a person's motivation? (Choose every correct answer.) -
Direction Persistence Intensity
Which of the following is the best description of scientific management? -
Dividing a job into small elements and assigning those tasks to employees who are best qualified to perform them
awareness and management -
Emotional intelligence involves ____________- of our own emotions and the emotions of others.
lower -
Employees with ____________ levels of neuroticism will usually experience _____________ stress levels.
What is defined as the forces within a person that affect their effort for voluntary behavior? -
Motivation
Extraversion -
Sociable, talkative, lively, and active
A few minutes before a scheduled conference call, Laura received a meeting reminder in her Microsoft Outlook account. This reminder is an example of a(n) ______. -
antecedent
A(n) ______ can be defined as what we believe, how we feel, and how we behave toward a person or an object. -
attitude
The _____ process involves deciding whether an event is caused by internal factors or by the environment. -
attribution
The bundle of characteristics that makes us similar to or different from other people is our ______. -
personality
Stress can contribute to which of the following conditions? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Cardiovascular disease -Some forms of cancer -Tension headaches
What are some of the skills that employers ranked as being most important for new hires to possess in four recent major surveys? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Communicating effectively -Working effectively in teams -Problem solving
Which are ways in which a company can remove stressors for employees? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Giving employees more control over the way they complete their work -Assigning jobs that match their skills and preferences -Having a complaint system to effectively handle harassment
Which of the following are true of job specialization? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-It may have a negative effect on worker motivation. -It can result in higher absenteeism and turnover. -It improves the mechanical efficiency of work.
Which actions can support ethical behavior within an organization? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Maintaining an anonymous hotline for employees to report wrongdoings -Establishing a written code of ethics for the organization -Employing an ethics ombudsperson to receive ethics complaints anonymously
What are problems frequently caused by absenteeism? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Poorer customer service -Lower performance by fill-in staff -Increased workloads for coworkers
Which strategies would be advisable if an organization wanted to increase an employee's belief that he or she is capable of performing the job successfully? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Providing training and clarifying job requirements -Giving the employee sufficient resources to do the job
What are three coping mechanisms for handling workplace stress? -
-Removing or minimizing the stressor -Reframing the stressor in a more positive manner -Regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle
Which are concerns with cross-cultural research? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Several studies have drawn conclusions based upon relatively small population samples. -Some studies have erroneously assumed that only one culture exists within a country or geographic region. -The findings of some studies have become outdated as a result of cultural shifts.
Tawanda values team harmony and high levels of collaboration. She does not care for hierarchical organizational structures and instead believes employees should be treated as equals. Her employer does not have managers or middle managers and instead has teams. Tawanda's team members hold equal power, and each member believes in the team's goals. Considering values congruence, which of the following statements about Tawanda and her job are true? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Tawanda is likely to have high job satisfaction. -Tawanda is likely to feel loyal toward her team members.
Which of the following are directly influenced by organizational inputs and processes? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-Team inputs and processes -Individual inputs and processes
What are the two main influences that the situation has on individual performance and behavior? -
-The job environment provides cues to motivate and guide employees. -The work context constrains or facilitates performance and behavior.
Job satisfaction includes an appraisal of which of the following elements? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-The work environment -Emotional experiences -Perceived job characteristics
Which statements about organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are true? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-They may be directed toward individuals, such as sharing resources with a coworker. -They are sometimes discretionary behaviors that employees may choose to perform.
Which statements about counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) are true? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-They may harm an organization either directly or indirectly. -They include harassing coworkers and wasting resources.
Why do companies need to make sure that the employees they hire stay with the company? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-When employees leave, they take with them valuable knowledge, skills, and relationships. -Companies usually experience negative effects if they do not retain enough qualified employees. -Human capital is a company's primary source of competitive advantage.
Which statements about employee turnover are true? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-When quality employees quit, the company loses resources that take time for new staff to acquire. -Employee turnover has some benefits, including opening up positions for new hires with fresh ideas.
When does procedural justice tend to be higher? (Choose every correct answer.) -
-When the decision maker listens to all parties in a dispute. -When the decision maker applies existing policies consistently. -When the decision maker is perceived as unbiased.
What are four of the most common work-related stressors? -
-Work overload -Organizational constraints -Low task control -Interpersonal conflict
Executives at Cyber-Form are faced with cutting jobs and reducing employee benefits in order for the company to survive the current recession. These decisions have which of the following? -
A high degree of moral intensity
______ commitment is an employee's attachment to, identification with, and involvement in an organization. -
Affective
work overload -
After she started her new job, Marlo realized that everyone tended to work long hours and there was an expectation for her to do the same. Which source of work-related stress is Mario reacting to?
The "Big Five" dimensions are: conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion, and ______ -
Agreeableness
Tyler works in a call center for a large credit card company, and his job involves constant interaction with cardholders who have problems with their accounts. Which of the following personality characteristics would be best suited for such a role? -
Agreeableness
evaluation -
All emotions have 2 dimensions: ______________ and ___________
low task control -
An employee who lacks the ability to adjust the pace of the workload according to his or her energy and attention span is said to have _____________.
Clarity -
At first it was difficult for Thomas to tell others that he was a stay-at-home dad while his wife worked for a legal office in the city, but now he proudly tells others that he "works full-time ass an at home father raising their three young children." Which aspect of Thomas's self-concept is evident when he confidently describes his role?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between attitudes and emotions? -
Attitudes are judgements
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between attitudes and emotions? -
Attitudes are judgments
What is the perceptual phenomenon through which we form beliefs about the cause of behavior, both our own and others? -
Attribution process
voice -
Bob was unhappy with the way scheduling of shifts was handled at work. He decided to meet with his boss to express his dissatisfaction and suggest ways that shift scheduling could be improved. According to the EVLN model, Bob's reaction to job dissatisfaction was ________.
Tyler hasn't lived in Indiana since college, but his colleagues at work still tease him, telling him that "You can take the guy out of Indiana, but you can't take Indiana out of the guy. You'll always be a Hoosier!" What term best describes this interaction? -
Categorization
Which statement regarding contemporary challenges for organizations is true? -
Changes in the external environment require organizations and employees to alter business strategy and everyday workplace activities.
Juliette knew she could never become a police officer like her brother because she didn't like to put herself in situations that might cause harm to others. Which dimension of self-concept helps Juliette come to this conclusion? -
Consistency
Which types of employment have had the greatest labor-market growth over the past two decades? -
Contract Indirect
Which type of employee behaviors have the potential to indirectly or directly harm the organization? -
Counterproductive work behaviors
Which of the drives in the four-drive theory would be best met by an organization by improving its compensation system and linking pay with performance? -
Drive to acquire
Tyrone is a sympathetic listener and seems to have an innate ability to understand what the other person is experiencing. What ability is Tyrone demonstrating? -
Empathy
Self-efficacy -
Even though Temika has received good performance reviews from her boss, she is plagued with self-doubt and often worries that she doesn't have the knowledge or experience to do her job well. Temika has low _____.
Which motivation theory proposes that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes? -
Expectancy theory
Which personality dimension identified by the five-factor model (FFM) would describe a person who is sociable, talkative, lively, and active? -
Extraversion
True or False: Research suggests that emotional display rules and standards are very similar around the world. -
False
True or false: Feedback should occur more frequently in jobs with a long cycle time than jobs with a short cycle time. -
False
What is the perceptual effect that occurs when people overestimate the extent to which others share their beliefs? -
False-consensus effect
What are organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs)? -
Forms of cooperation and helpfulness that support an organization's psychological and social context
Which of the following theories proposes that motivation arises from emotions that are generated by certain drives? -
Four-drive theory
Historically, workers had what kind of employment? -
Full-time, permanent jobs
Which is the generational cohort of those born between 1965 and 1980? -
Generation Xers
Anne's boss notices how positive and upbeat she is at work every day and thinks that she is an ideal employee. He fails to notice that she often doesn't complete her work on time. What effect does this exemplify? -
Halo
empathy -
Having an understanding of and a sensitivity to the feelings, thoughts and situations of others is known as _____.
Agreeableness -
Helpful, trusting, and cooperative
Elton Mayo introduced which of the following, which emphasized the study of employee attitudes and informal groups in the workplace? -
Human relations school of management
Openness to experience -
Independent, imaginative, creative thinker
What is the attribute common among effective leaders that refers to a person's ethical standards? -
Integrity
Which traits are common among narcissists? (Choose every correct answer.) -
Intensely envious of others Grandiose, inflated self-view Excessive need for attention
Which of the following statements regarding effective feedback is true? -
It should refer to specific metrics that are under an individual's control.
internal -
Jamal doesn't believe that "luck happens". He is convinced that you make your own luck in life. Jamal has an _____________ locus of control.
Deep acting -
Jessica is a waitress at a truck stop diner. Last week, one of the truckers was extremely rude to her as she took his lunch order but she realized that he had been driving in a major snowstorm for over 12 hours and was stressed so rather than being angry at him she expressed her compassion by offering him a free slice of pie. What strategy did Jessica use?
Which model identifies core job dimensions that produce psychological states that then affect employees' motivation, satisfaction, and effectiveness? -
Job characteristics model
the fundamental attribution error -
John believes that his coworker didn't make her sales quota because she is lazy, whereas he missed quota because of the slowing economy. This is an example of __________.
Consistency -
Juliette knew she could never become a police officer like her brother because she didn't like to put herself in situations that might cause harm to others. Which dimension of self-concept helps Juliette come to this conclusion?
organizational constraint -
Lacking the proper equipment to do a job would be an example of which work-related stressor?
personal -
Laura is very proud of the fact that she is the first person in her family to earn a college degree. This distinction is part of Laura's ___________ identity.
positive emotions -
Laura's company has an informal bowling league for employees, and the team with the highest score each week wins a pizza lunch for the department. This is a way in which the company attempts to create __________ in the workplace.
A coworker had a heart attack, and Alex has become more serious about keeping up with his exercise regimen. This is an example of which component of social cognitive theory? -
Learning behavioral outcomes
When John learned that his cousin had been diagnosed with lung cancer, he decided to try to quit smoking. This is an example of which component of social cognitive theory? -
Learning behavioral outcomes
What is the major way that diversity awareness training has been successful? -
Making people aware that biases exist
primacy -
Many human resources managers report that a decision to hire an individual is made within the first 3 to 5 minutes of an interview. This is largely the result of the ________ effect.
Which theory of motivation asserts that the strongest source of motivation is the lowest unsatisfied need at the time? -
Maslow's needs hierarchy
receive social support -
Michael will always be grateful to Alyssa. When Michael first started at the company, Alyssa met with him twice each week to help him find ways to deal with difficult customers. Which approach to managing work-related stress does this exemplify?
surface acting -
Modifying your behavior to be consistent with the required emotions in a particular situation but continuing to hold different internal feelings is known as ____________.
What term is used to describe the internal forces that affect a person's direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior? -
Motivation
Which five-factor model (FFM) personality dimension would be associated with feelings of anxiety, anger, or depression? -
Neuroticism
Organizational constraint -
Nicole is frustrated at work because her manager expects her to find freelancers to do the projects but doesn't provide her with an adequate budget to hire them. The lack of budget represents which type of work-related stressor?
A society that values quality of life, service to others, and support for the needy would have which of the following? -
Nurturing orientation
Which statement best describes the multiple levels of analysis anchor? -
OB topics should be understood from individual, team, and organizational perspectives.
Japan -
Of the following countries, which discourages emotional expression & expects people to behave in a more subdued fashion?
Tasha loves to travel, especially internationally. She loves to try new cuisine, see new things, and meet new people from different cultures. Which personality dimension of the five-factor model (FFM) does this best describe? -
Openness to experience
"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation? -
Organizational behavior modification
Nicole is frustrated at work because her manager expects her to find freelancers to do the projects but does not provide her with an adequate budget to hire them. The lack of budget represents which type of work-related stressor? -
Organizational constraint
Which of the following is directly affected by individual and team/interpersonal outcomes? -
Organizational effectiveness
extraverted -
People with positive emotions typically have higher emotional stability and are more _____________ than their counterparts who experience negative emotions.
What is the process through which we receive stimuli from the external environment and organize and interpret them? -
Perception
______ is the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us. -
Perception
What are emotions? -
Physiological, behavioral and psychological episodes experienced toward an object, person, or event that create a state of readiness
Trust -
Positive expectations you have toward another individual in situations involving risk is known as _______.
______ refers to the degree that people are willing to accept an unequal distribution of power within a society or organization. -
Power distance
Jorge has a fever and a persistent cough, but he goes to work anyway because he needs to finish a major project before the end of the week. What is this an example of? -
Presenteeism
Which are elements of the dark triad of socially undesirable personality traits? (Choose every correct answer.) -
Psychopathy Narcissism Machiavellianism
What effect occurs when the most recent information about a person or event dominates our perceptions? -
Recency
psychological harassment -
Repeated hostile or unwanted conduct, verbal comments, actions, or gestures that undermine an employee's dignity or integrity are known as ____________.
Conscientiousness -
Responsible, organized, self-disciplined
Margot has worked as an accountant for the same company for almost 15 years. She knows exactly what she needs to do each month and how to prioritize those tasks to complete her job in a manner that satisfies her employer's expectations. What does Margot have? -
Role clarity
What term is used to describe an individual's self-beliefs and self-evaluations? -
Self-concept
When asked how she would describe herself, Sandi responds, "Being a mom is the most important thing in the world to me. My kids are everything to me." This is a reflection of Sandi's ______. -
Self-concept
Maria feels she is a better-than-average test-taker and will get a good score on the PSAT when she takes it next fall. What phenomenon is demonstrated by her feelings? -
Self-enhancement
What term describes our tendency to magnify our positive attributes and attribute successes to our own capabilities? -
Self-enhancement
What term describes our tendency to attribute our failures to external causes while believing that our successes are due to internal causes? -
Self-serving bias
When Alec aced his first test, he was convinced it was because he is smart and dedicated to his schoolwork. When he failed the second test, he blamed it on a poorly-written test. What type of bias is demonstrated here? -
Self-serving bias
Natalie looks in the mirror and tells her husband, "I'm getting fat." What term is used to describe the feedback she may receive from her husband? -
Self-verification
Which of the following models proposes that job satisfaction has a positive effect on customer service, which flows on to shareholder financial returns? -
Service profit chain model
In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered inputs? (Choose every correct answer.) -
Skills Experience
Elena, a Hispanic-American, graduated with a nursing degree from Xavier University and works at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. These attributes are part of her ______ identity. -
Social
Which motivation theory explains how learning and motivation occur by observing and modeling others, as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior? -
Social cognitive theory
continuance -
Steve is miserable in his job but chooses to stay only because he can't afford to quit. This is an example of _______ commitment.
______ occurs when an employee "puts on a happy face" and displays an outward appearance that is inconsistent with his or her true feelings about the situation. -
Surface acting
______ research typically involves forming research questions, collecting data, and testing hypotheses against those data. -
Systematic
Asked to describe what was most meaningful about his job at the humane shelter, Owen answered, "I make a difference every day to the lives of animals in our community." This is an example of which element of the job characteristics model? -
Task significance
Which core job characteristic refers to the degree to which the job affects the organization and/or society? -
Task significance
What model depicts the variables of ability, role perceptions, motivation, and situational factors that directly influence a person's voluntary behavior and performance? -
The MARS model
attribution -
The _______ process involves deciding whether an event is caused by internal factors or by the environment.
Halo -
The ________ effect occurs when one predominant characteristic of a person distorts our general impression of him or her.
recency -
The ________ effect occurs when the most recent information about a person or event dominates our perceptions.
false-concsensus -
The ___________ effect is also called the similar-to-me effect.
What is role perception? -
The degree to which an individual understands the job duties assigned to or expected of him or her
Which statement best defines work-life integration? -
The degree to which people are engaged in their work and nonwork roles and their ability to minimize conflict between the two domains
Which of the following is the BEST description of emotional labor? -
The effort, planning and control needed to express organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions.
Which statement describes an employee from a culture with a high power distance? -
The employee expects superiors to make decisions with little input from employees.
Which statement best defines motivation? -
The internal forces that influence a person's intensity, direction, and persistence of voluntary behavior
Cognitive dissonance -
The internal tension we feel when our behavior and attitudes are inconsistent with each other is referred to as ___________.
focusing on positive rather than negative aspects improves success & employee well-being -
The philosophy of positive4 organizational behavior suggests that __________.
perception -
The process through which we receive stimuli from the external environment and organize and interpret them is known as __________.
Which statement best describes the contingency anchor of OB? -
The same action in a different situation can yield different consequences.
at the beginning of a relationship between the supervisor and employee -
The self-fulfilling prophecy is most likely to occur _______.
Which illustrates the first step in the self-fulfilling prophecy? -
The supervisor forms certain expectations about the employee's performance.
Which statement is true about highly collectivist people? -
They emphasize making decisions based on what is best for the group.
Which of the following best describes the role of social norms, self-concept, and past experience on needs? -
They regulate a person's motivated decisions and behavior.
According to Carl Jung, making decisions consists of what two competing processes? -
Thinking and feeling
True or False: Both positive and negative emotional traits have an impact on an individual's attendance and long-term work attitudes. -
True
True or false: According to the service profit chain model, customer satisfaction is a natural outcome of employee satisfaction. -
True
True or false: Although everyone has the same drives, people develop different intensities of needs in a particular situation. -
True
True or false: Although technical skills are important, skills such as problem solving and effective communication are often considered to be even more important by employers. -
True
True -
True or False: Stressors are physical or psychological forces that exert demands on a person's body, emotions, and/or mind
True -
True or false: According to the service profit chain model, customer satisfaction is a natural outcome of employee satisfaction.
True -
True or false: Both positive and negative emotional traits have an impact on an individual's attendance and long-term work attitudes/
False -
True or false: the philosophy of positive organizational behavior suggests that focusing on positive rather than negative aspects has little impact on organizational success.
empathy -
Tyrone is a sympathetic listener & seems to have an innate ability to understand what the other person is experiencing. Tyrone has a high level of ___________.
"The greatest good for the greatest number" illustrates which ethical principle? -
Utilitarianism
Executives of a company believe that laying off 15 percent of its workforce will help it stay in business long-term and protect the remaining jobs in the company. Such an action is most consistent with which ethical principle? -
Utilitarianism
(1) hidden (2) blind (3) open (4) unknown -
What are the four windows in the Johari window?
self-concept -
When asked how she would describe herself, Sandi responds, "being a mom is the most important thing in the world to me. My kids are everything to me." This is a reflection of Sandi's __________.
The supervisor forms certain expectations about the employee's performance -
Which of the following illustrates the first step in the self-fulfilling prophecy?
(1) the capacity to empathize and act effectively across cultures (2) the ability to comprehend and reconcile intercultural matters with multiple levels of thinking -
Which two of the following are characteristics of a global mindset?
Affective -
___________ commitment is an employee's attachment to, identification with, and involvement in an organization.
Self-verification -
___________ occurs when we look for feedback from others that supports the way that we see ourselves, even if it isn't necessarily flattering.
Eustress -
____________ refers to positive levels of stress that energize people to achieve their goals.
Attitudes -
_____________ represent the cluster of beliefs, assessed feelings, and behavioral intentions towards a person, an object, or an event.
Emotional intelligence -
_______________ is our ability to perceive, express, understand, reason with and regulate our emotions as well as others' emotions.
People believe some values are more important than others and thus have a hierarchy of preferences, known as ______. -
a value system
Loyalty to your employer would be most closely associated with ______ commitment. -
affective
McClelland suggested that individuals are influenced by three "learned" needs: achievement, power, and _____. -
affiliation
Emotional intelligence involves ______ of our own emotions and the emotions of others. -
awareness and management
As part of the perceptual process, we put people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our long-term memory. This is known as ______. -
categorical thinking
You see a group of young adults standing outside of a church on Sunday morning and assume that they have just come from Sunday services. This is an example of ______. -
categorical thinking
The three dimensions of a person's self-concept are complexity, consistency, and ______. -
clarity
Janis is opposed to smoking, but she has been offered a lucrative accounting job with a tobacco company. She is tempted to take the job but feels hypocritical. Janis is experiencing ______. -
cognitive dissonance
The internal tension we feel when our behavior and attitudes are inconsistent with each other is referred to as ______. -
cognitive dissonance
A society that has a group orientation and emphasizes the interdependence of people has a high degree of ______. -
collectivism
The number of distinct and important roles that a person perceives about himself or herself is the self-concept dimension of _______. -
complexity
Organizational ______ refers to how well employees understand the organization's strategic direction, social dynamics, and physical layout. -
comprehension
The field of organizational behavior relies on a set of basic beliefs or knowledge structures known as ______. -
conceptual anchors
How similar a person's values hierarchy is to the values hierarchy of the organization, a coworker, or another source of comparison is known as values ______. -
congruence
The five-factor model (FFM) personality dimension that is characterized by a person's attention to detail, thoroughness, organization, and self-discipline is known as ______. -
conscientiousness
When she was late for the second day in a row, Tiana received a written warning from her boss, stating that her pay would be docked if she was late again. This warning is an example of a(n) ______. -
consequence
The quadrant of Schwartz's values circumplex that represents a person's motivation to maintain the status quo and the degree to which he or she values stability and security is known as ______. -
conservation
The anchors of organizational behavior knowledge include the systematic research anchor, the multiple levels of analysis anchor, the multidisciplinary anchor, and the ______ anchor. -
contingency
The conceptual anchor of OB that suggests that an action may have different consequences in different situations is the ______ anchor. -
contingency
The perceived fairness of our outcomes versus our contributions compared to the outcomes and contributions of others is known as _____ justice. -
distributive
The objective of most theories of organizational behavior is organizational _______. -
effectiveness
Jamal is a customer service representative at a local credit union. He has been handling customer deposits and disbursements. His job has changed so that he can now assist customers with completing loan applications, and he has the authority to approve small, short-term loans. This is an example of job ______. -
enrichment
Job ______ is the practice of giving employees more responsibility for scheduling, coordinating, and planning their own work. -
enrichment
Another name for social identity is ______. -
external self-concept
To encourage Makayla to help around the house, her mother paid her $3 each time she vacuumed the carpet. However, after a few months, her mother stopped paying her, and Makayla stopped vacuuming. This is an example of ______. -
extinction
The personality trait that is positively associated with performance in sales and management jobs is ______. -
extraversion
People with positive emotions typically have higher emotional stability and are more ______ than their counterparts who experience negative emotions. -
extraverted
Employees who carry out a task because of a pay incentive provided by their company are demonstrating ______ motivation. -
extrinsic
The process of motivating employees and clarifying their role perceptions by establishing performance objectives is referred to as ______. -
goal setting
The _____ effect occurs when one predominant characteristic of a person distorts our general impression of him or her. -
halo
Our tendency to think that people within a certain group are similar to one another is referred to as ______. -
homogenization
Our perception that appropriate rules in the way employees are treated have been applied throughout a decision process is called ______ justice. -
interactional
Employees who carry out a task for the satisfaction of completing it successfully are demonstrating ______. -
intrinsic motivation
An individual's evaluation of his or her job and work context is referred to as ______. -
job satisfaction
In his learned needs theory, McClelland proposed that a person's needs can be strengthened through reinforcement, social conditions, and ______. -
learning
Employees who have high levels of continuance commitment tend to have ______ job performance compared to employees with high levels of affective commitment. -
lower
Employees with ______ levels of neuroticism will usually experience ______ stress levels. -
lower
The moral intensity of an action is higher when ______. -
many people are affected by the action
Based on the "happy worker" hypothesis, there is a ______ positive relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance. -
moderate
The ______ anchor suggests that OB should benefit from knowledge, research, and theories from other fields, rather than relying solely on its own research base. -
multidisciplinary
As part of its performance review process, Altrera Corporation solicits confidential feedback from the employee's managers, peers, and direct reports. This process is known as ______. -
multisource (360-degree) feedback
Michael received an anonymous online feedback form that asked him to rate a coworker's workplace competencies on a scale of 1 to 5 and then asked for written comments. It would appear that Michael's employer is using ______. -
multisource (360-degree) feedback
The night before a big test, you set your alarm 15 minutes earlier to avoid being late for class. Wanting to avoid the consequences of being late is an example of ______. -
negative reinforcement
Darrell was unhappy that he had been scheduled for so many late shifts at work and became dissatisfied. When he is scheduled for nights, he often calls in sick or comes in late. According to the EVLN model, Darrell's response to his job dissatisfaction is ______. -
neglect
A society that values professions such as teaching, social work, and nursing would likely be considered to have an achievement - ______ orientation. -
nurturing
According to expectancy theory, an individual's effort level depends on three factors: effort-to-performance expectancy, performance-to-outcome expectancy, and ______. -
outcome valences
Emotions are defined as -
physiological, behavioral, and psychological episodes experienced toward an object, person, or event that create a state of readiness
Nathan was unhappy with the amount of his raise, but after meeting with his boss, he believed that the manner in which the company determined the size of raises was fair. This is an example of ______. -
procedural justice
Your boss calls you into her office to chastise you for taking longer breaks than allowed. This is an example of ______. -
punishment
Alyssa works in the accounting department for a large automotive parts supplier. During the first week of each month, she works in Accounts Payable. During the second week, she works in Accounts Receivable, and during the third week, she works in Payroll. This enables her to have skills in multiple areas and gives her employer more staffing flexibility. This practice is referred to as job ______. -
rotation
Systematically partitioning work into its smallest elements and standardizing tasks to achieve maximum efficiency is referred to as ______. -
scientific management
What Johanna loves best about her job is that every day brings new challenges and that she can use different skills and talents to complete her tasks. According to the job characteristics model, this is an example of ______. -
skill variety
The theory that suggests that we define ourselves by the groups to which we belong or to which we have an emotional attachment is ______ theory. -
social identity
University of Iowa alumni Tyler proudly sports a bumper sticker on his car that reads, "It's great to be a Hawkeye!" His emotional attachment to the University of Iowa would be an example of ______. -
social identity theory
Assigning the perceived attributes of a group to individuals belonging to that group is referred to as ______. -
stereotyping
Lakeisha believes that all men are poor listeners. This is an example of ______. -
stereotyping
An adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to a person's well-being is known as ______. -
stress
Modifying your behavior to be consistent with the required emotions in a particular situation but continuing to hold different internal feelings is known as ______. -
surface acting
Observable demographic and other overt differences in people, such as gender, age, and race are known as _______ diversity. -
surface-level
The voluntary, goal-directed behaviors of an employee that contribute to organizational objectives are referred to as _____ performance. -
task
According to the job characteristics model, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work is known as ______. -
task identity
The anchor of multiple levels of analysis suggests that OB should be examined from the perspectives of individuals, organizations, and larger ______. -
teams
Organizational behavior was not organized into a unified discipline until ______. -
the 1940s
The dimensions of personality identified in Jungian personality theory are measured through ______. -
the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
The model that suggests that personality can be categorized across five abstract dimensions is known as ______. -
the five-factor model (FFM)
The job design model stating that certain job factors lead to psychological states that affect work outcomes is known as ______. -
the job characteristics model
Someone's self-concept exhibits low consistency if their view of themselves is different from ______. -
their basic personality
True or false: Organizational behavior studies how organizations interact with their external environments. -
true
Positive expectations you have toward another individual in situations involving risk is known as ______. -
trust
Four types of ethical principles commonly identified are individual rights, distributive justice, ethic of care, and ______. -
utilitarianism
Perceptions about what is good or bad and right or wrong are referred to as our ______. -
values
The model that attempts to organize values into clusters in a circular model is referred to as the ______. -
values circumplex
According to the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model, ______ is an attempt to change rather than escape from a dissatisfying workplace situation. -
voice
(1) distinctiveness (2) consistency (3) consensus -
what are the three attribution rules people rely on to decide whether someone's behavior is caused by their personality or by the outside environment?
The three major challenges facing organizations are increasing workforce diversity, emerging employment relationships, and ______. -
work-life integration
