MAN3303 Final Exam - Part 1

Antonakis and colleagues (Antonakis, Bastardoz, Jacquart, & Shamir, 2016) identified three important ways charismatics communicate their leadership qualifications and expectations to potential followers:

(1) appealing to follower values, (2) communicating in symbolic ways that are clear and vivid, and (3) displaying emotional conviction and passion for the mission

Behavior of Charismatic Leaders

- A Novel and Appealing Vision - Emotional Appeals to Values - Expression of Confidence and Optimism - Self Sacrifices - Demonstrate Exceptional Abilities

3 Original Types of Transformational Behavior

- Idealized influence is behavior that increases follower identification with the leader - Intellectual stimulation is behavior that influences followers to view problems from a new perspective and look for more creative solutions - Individualized consideration includes providing support, encouragement, and coaching to followers

Differences between ideological, pragmatic, and charismatic leaders

- Ideological leaders make emotional appeals to shared values and beliefs, and they involve followers in identifying strategies for resolving a crisis or attaining desirable objectives - Charismatic leaders appeal to emotions and articulate a vision that builds confidence that the leader can show followers how to resolve a crisis and overcome obstacles to desirable objectives. - Pragmatic leaders make rational appeals to followers who are able to understand and carry out proposed strategies for achieving shared objectives

Ways for Leaders to Promote Ethicals Practices

- Set clear standards - Model ethical behavior in your own actions - Help people find fair and ethical ways to resolve problems and conflicts - Oppose unethical practices in your organization

According to Weber, charisma occurs during a social crisis when...

A leader emerges with a radical vision that offers a solution to the crisis and attracts followers who believe in the vision

Attitude Centered Approach

Changing attitudes and values with persuasive appeals, training programs, team-building activities, or a culture change program

Role Centered Approach

Changing work roles by reorganizing the workflow, redesigning jobs to include different activities and responsibilities, modifying authority relationships, and changing the reward system

Spiritual Leadership

Describes how leaders can enhance the intrinsic motivation of followers by creating conditions that increase their sense of spiritual meaning in the work

What is required for transformational change? What causes this?

Dramatic shifts in vision, systems, strategy, or structure; The necessity might arise from major technological innovations, or the entry of an aggressive competitor

Servant Leadership

Helping others to accomplish shared objectives by facilitating individual development, empowerment, and collective work that is consistent with the health and long term welfare of followers

Limitations of Spiritual Leadership Theor

How leader values and skills influence leader behavior is not clearly specified; the processes by which leaders influence followers are not clearly explained

Potential Benefits of Servant Leadership

Leader integrity and concern for subordinates increases trust, loyalty, and satisfaction

Reasons for accepting or rejecting change

Necessity, Cost Effective, Personal Loss, Inconsistent with values, Untrustworthy Leadership, Organizational Cynicism

Decision support systems

Networked workstations, human resource information systems, inventory and order processing systems, sales tracking systems, or an intranet with groupware for communication

Lewin's 1951 Force-Field Model

Proposal that change comes in three phases: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing

Four components in Theory of authentic leadership

Self awareness, balanced processing of information, relational transparency, and internalized moral component

The three criteria for a ethical decision

The purpose (ends), the extent to which behavior is consistent with moral standards (means), and the consequences for self and others (outcomes)

Authentic leaders are motivated by...

Their core values to do what is right and fair, and welfare and development of their followers

The Kohlberg Theoryof Moral Development

Three levels of moral development with each level split into two stages: - Preconventional; punishment/instrumental purpose orientation - Conventional; good boy or nice girl orientation/law and order orientation - Postconventional; social contract orientation/universal ethical principle orientation

Elements of a Vision

Value Statement, Slogans, Strategic Objectives, Project Objectives