Management

Which of the following is often neglected in a bureaucracy such as a university?

Human and social processes

Yui would like some advice about potentially starting a small business. Where could she go for free advice from retired executives who understand her industry?

A SCORE counselor

An advantage of the realistic job preview is that _____.

the person hired will be more likely to remain in the job for a longer period of time

Which of the following is true of ranking, a common method of employee appraisal?

It compares employees directly with each other and orders them from best to worst.

Most experts recommend that a new business should have enough capital on hand to operate for at least how long without earning a profit?

6 months

Ramon wants to establish a culture that rewards innovative ideas. What can he do to encourage innovation in his firm?

Communicate the feeling that failure is acceptable and expected.

Which of the following is one of the factors responsible for the failure of a small business?

Managerial inexperience

An organization is behaving most typically when it does not change in sync with its environment, and it _____.

maintains the status quo

Traditionally employees added value to an organization because of what they have experienced. However, knowledge workers add value because _____.

they are knowledgeable in a specialized field

Ramon is bidding on a large government contract. As part of his bid, he is required to spell out employment goals for his firm, as well as how his firm will find and hire employees from underrepresented groups. Which of the following must Ramon submit with his bid?

Affirmative action plan

According to Weber, how should positions in organizations be filled in an ideal bureaucracy?

Based on seniority

What might explain why construction is a good industry for small businesses?

Because many construction jobs are relatively small, local projects, local construction firms are often ideally suited as contractors.

As Darianprepares to start up his new business, he is grappling with the issue of what strategies he will use to obtain his goals and objectives, and the appropriate structure for the business. Which of the strategic challenges facing small firms is he currently addressing?

Identifying distinctive competencies

As a small business owner, Ahmed feels he has identified a market that no one else is currently serving. Which of the strategic challenges facing small firms is Ahmed developing?

Identifying distinctive competencies

Which of the following is true of job creation?

Small firms eliminate jobs at a faster rate.

Which of the following is a good strategy for small businesses because of the ease of entry into the market?

Starting service businesses

Who is responsible for the enforcement of Title VII?

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

The behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) is _____.

a judgmental method of performance appraisal

A cafeteria benefits plan _____.

allows employees to choose from a set of optional benefits

Sarah was considering job offers from two different firms. Both jobs are appealing to her, and the salaries meet her needs. However, VuVision offered more vacation days and free gym memberships, while OptiClear had a tuition reimbursement program. Sara was examining the _____ that these companies offer to help her make her decision.

benefits

Most successful entrepreneurs________.

carefully analyze market conditions

Issues of wages, work hours, job security, and discipline are handled through the process of _____.

collective bargaining

In _____ technology, raw materials are transformed to a finished product by a series of machine transformations in such a way that the composition of the materials themselves is changed.

continuous-process

A firm with few subunits is said to have a low level of _____.

differentation

The key difference between managerial and process innovations is that process innovations _____.

directly affect manufacturing

Inflation, the cost of living, and money supplies are all external forces for change in the _____ dimension.

economic

The top management at Phoenix Inc. planned to shift their corporate office to a facility about eight miles away from the current location. The top managers knew that their decision would meet with considerable employee resistance because it would change their commute times, and, in general, be disruptive, at least in the short term. They held a meeting with all the employees well in advance of the scheduled move to share with them the advantages of moving to the new office and the things that management would be doing to help them through the transition. This minimized the employees' resistance. Which of the following techniques of overcoming resistance is illustrated in the scenario?

eduucation

Based on the comprehensive approach to change, _____ is the last step in the change process.

evaluation and follow-up

Alpha Motors Inc. was affected by the recession in 2008. The company had to make extensive changes to its organizational structure and design. This scenario illustrates how _____ forces lead management to make changes.

external

Consumer tastes and preferences are _____ forces that influence an organization's product line.

external

Research suggests that the majority of new businesses_______.

fail within the first few years of founding

Creating different teams for finance, production, and marketing is consistent with _____ departmentalization.

functional

Conglomerate organizational design _____.

has each business operated by a general manager in charge of its profits or losses

A _____ organization works to facilitate the lifelong personal development of all of its employees while continually transforming itself to respond to changing demands and needs

learning

A _____ organization works to facilitate the lifelong personal development of all of its employees while continually transforming itself to respond to changing demands and needs.

learning

Enlightened Minds is a software services firm that uses routine training programs, seminars by eminent developers, and discussion forums to keep employees updated on the recent developments in the software field. Enlightened Minds is an example of a(n) _____ organization.

learning

In which type of organizational design are team members likely to be highly motivated and committed to the organization, since they assume a major role in decision making?

matrix

In the context of the job characteristics approach, skill variety refers to the _____.

number of things a person does in a job

A company has recently undergone a transformation from using a highly centralized approach to a much more decentralized approach for managing its operations. This change represents a change in the area of _____.

organization structure

Which type of change is associated with lower risk?

planned

An example of a force for change in the task environment of an organization is

pricing strategies of competitors.

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act _____.

requires passive nondiscrimination

Anke owns a pet shop thatsells specialty products like birthday cakes for dogs, canned cat food, and live food for fish. She sources these products from different manufacturers and sells them to local residents. Anke's shop operates in the _____ industry

retail

In _____, the output of one unit becomes the input for another in a serial fashion.

sequential interdependence

The _____ view of organizational design assumes that the optimal design for an organization depends on a set of relevant factors, including technology, environment, size, and organizational life cycle.

situational

Education and communication are particularly useful methods for overcoming which source of resistance to change?

uncertainty

Organic organizations are _____.

very informal

The _____ is a management policy decision about whether a firm wants to pay above, at, or below the going rate for labor in the industry or the geographic area.

wage-level decision

Which of the following statements is true about entrepreneurs?

​Entrepreneurs assume the risks of their business ventures.

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act forbids discrimination against workers above what age?

40

Which of the following is a recent business trend?

Better survival rates of entrepreneurial ventures

The _____ boasts a total membership of more than 14,000 small-business owners, the largest number in the country.It offers its members networking possibilities and educational programs and services tailored to their needs.

Council of Smaller Enterprises of Cleveland

Mica was employed by the regional hospital system and decided to start her own business in the medical support field. She plans to make use of her extensive experience to succeed at this small-business start-up. Which type of entrepreneurial trend does this represent?

Crossover from big business

Why are union membership rates declining?

Decreased number of jobs in the manufacturing sectors

What is the process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement?

Departmentalization

Based on the forces for change, what is a primary reason for problems that organizations face?

Failure to anticipate or respond to change properly

What is one of the strengths of the bureaucratic model?

Favoritism and bias are minimized.

At Gamma Inc., there are separate departments of employees who specialize in sales, service maintenance, customer service, and accounting. Which form of departmentalization does Gamma use?

Functional departmentalization

What has changed human resource management (HRM) into an area of growing importance for most firms?

Increased legal complexities

Apoorva believes in a functional organization structure and has begun implementing changes in the organization to match this structure. Which type of change is Apoorva creating?

Internal

What is a consideration of current employees as candidates for openings?

Internal recruiting

Which of the following is an advantage of job specialization?

It decreases transfer time between tasks.

Which of the following is true of an incremental innovation?

It is also known as a radical innovation.

When an agreement for a labor contract has been reached, what must occur before it becomes binding?

It must be ratified by membership.

What is the systematized procedure for collecting and recording information about jobs within an organization?

Job analysis

What is the degree to which the overall task of the organization is broken down and divided into smaller component parts?

Job specialization

An organization that does not have the time, money, or staff to pursue a creative new idea may be unable to innovate for what reason?

Lack of resources

Who among the following is most likely to be an entrepreneur?

Mariam has taken a loan to open a new café.

Which of the following is an example of identifying a new niche in an established market?

Modifying a computer so that it is usable by untrained persons

When creating organization change that has to do with people, what is a common focus?

Perceptions and expectations

Cuisine Royale is a restaurant chain that has many outlets. Each outlet has a separate budget and a set of staff. To determine the success of the entire chain, the profits made by all the outlets are put together. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario?

Pooled interdependence

At Libra Motors Inc. operations managers give availability information to the dealerships department. When the dealerships department has a specific order, it is sent to the operations department. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario?

Reciprocal interdependence

Which of the following is an example of an employee service benefit?

Recreational opportunities

Geert would like to open a cafeteria to provide meals to workers at the local hospital. However, he needs to find a source of financing. He has approached the hospital to discuss itproviding and building the cafeteria. Which source of financing is Geert pursuing?

Strategic alliances

Which of the following laws limits union power and specifies management rights during a union-organizing campaign?

The Labor Management Relations Act

According to the Aston studies, which of the following is true of large organizations when compared to small ones?

They have a greater degree of decentralization.

Aisha is preparing a job description so that she can hire additional staff. What type of information should Aisha include in it?

Tools, materials, and equipment needed to perform the job

Which form of organizational design shares the basic advantages and disadvantages of functional departmentalization?

U-form

Which of the following are usually set up through a procedure called job evaluation (an attempt to assess the worth of each job relative to other jobs)?

Wage structures

At what point should an entrepreneur ask the questions, "who are my customers, and where are they?"

When seeking an opening in the market for a start-up

A company has built a new manufacturing plant to increase production. This scenario illustrates which step in the Lewin model of organization change?

implementation

Small businesses______.

provide big businesses with many of the services they need

Angela runs a same-day delivery service. Her work involves hiring reliable drivers and working out their schedules. She has to monitor her drivers' locations to match them up with the delivery requests as calls come in from clients. She bills the clients on a monthly basis according to an established rate fee. Angela's business operates in the _____ industry.

service

Zereth buys leather goods to sell in her shop from a supplier overseas. Recently, it was found that this supplier underpays its workers and has hazardous working conditions. As a result, many customers are refusing to buy this brand. In response, Zereth discontinued that line and replaced it with a local line. Zereth responded to external forces for change in which environment?

sociocultural

A(n) _____ is a top-level manager who approves of and supports a project. This person may fight for the budget needed to develop an idea, overcome arguments against a project, and use organizational politics to ensure the project's survival.

sponsor

ProDairy Inc. reduced the prices of its products to combat competitors that were selling dairy products at lower prices. This scenario illustrates a force for change present in the _____ of an organization.

task environment

Leading Edge Software Inc. has introduced a new activity called "Group Farming" in which the company's executive groups participate in farming activities for three hours every month. This activity has been designed by the company to emphasize the importance of interdependence and coordination among its employees. Which of the following organization development techniques is the company using?

team building

A(n) _____ innovation is a change in the appearance or performance of a product or service or of the physical processes through which a product or service is manufactured.

technical

When organizational change involves planned alteration of work sequence or work activities, the change primarily occurs in the area of _____.

technology and operations

According to the job characteristics approach, task identity is _____.

the extent to which a worker does a complete portion of the total job