Management and Organizational Behavior Exam 1

Vacations and holidays are important ways for employees to

withdraw from work stressors.

Which of the following is true about a global mindset?

A global mindset includes an awareness of, openness to, and respect for other views and practices in the world.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the concept of the contingency anchor?

A particular action may have different consequences in different situations.

________ occurs when people perceive that their beliefs, feelings, and behavior are incongruent with each other.

Cognitive dissonance

________ includes a set of abilities that enables us to recognize and regulate our own emotions as well as the emotions of other people.

Emotional intelligence

Which of these statements about emotional labor is true?

Emotional labor demands are higher in jobs requiring more intense emotions.

________ are fleeting, low-intensity events that influence our conscious thinking and behavior without our awareness.

Emotions

________ is an individual's emotional and cognitive (logical) motivation, particularly a focused, intense, persistent, and purposive effort toward work-related goals.

Employee engagement

_________ is the element of stereotyping whereby we tend to think of people within a group as similar to one another.

Homogenization

What is multisource feedback?

Information about an employee's performance is collected from a full circle of people.

Which of these statements is true about the field of organizational behavior (OB)?

It examines how individuals and teams in organizations relate to one another and to their counterparts in other organizations.

How is an open systems perspective important to the field of organizational behavior?

It identifies organizational characteristics that "fit" some external environments better than others.

Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is true?

It is a poor predictor of job performance and is not recommended for employment selection or promotion decisions.

Which of the following best describes work-life integration?

It is important to satisfy the demands and experience the positive emotions of our various segments of life.

Which of the following employees is most likely to be stressed?

José is an excellent basketball coach, but his team is playing very poorly.

Which three personality traits comprise the dark triad?

Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy

Which of the following is true about meaningful interaction?

Meaningful interaction potentially improves empathy toward others.

Which of the following best defines organizational behavior?

OB is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations.

Which of the following describes the systematic research anchor?

OB should study organizations by forming questions, collecting data, and testing hypotheses against those data.

The perceived probability that a specific behavior or performance level will lead to a particular outcome is which element of expectancy theory?

P-to-O

________ is the bundle of characteristics that makes us similar to or different from other people.

Personality

________ refers to how well employees take the initiative to anticipate and introduce new work patterns that benefit the organization.

Proactive task performance

Which of the following statements regarding the dark triad is correct?

The core characteristic of these traits is dishonesty.

What occurs as the final step of the self-fulfilling prophecy cycle?

The employee's behavior becomes consistent with the manager's initial expectations.

Which of the following is a reason that the study of OB is important for students?

The topics OB studies relate to skills that are highly valued by employers.

Which of the following is a downside of mental models?

They make it difficult to see the world in different ways.

_________, an important factor in OB, refers to how similar a person's values hierarchy is to the values hierarchy of another entity, such as the employee's team or organization.

Value congruence

Which of the following is a reason why decisions and behavior can be inconsistent with our personal values?

We often do not actively think about our values.

Which of the following describes the fundamental attribution error?

We tend to believe the behavior of other people is caused more by their motivation and ability than by factors beyond their control.

According to equity theory, what is the basis used by employees when determining if a decision is equitable?

a comparison of input-outcome ratios

Employees with an emotional attachment to, identification with, and involvement in a particular organization are likely to have

a high level of affective commitment.

How does an inclusive organization view diversity?

a valued resource

Aptitudes and learned capabilities are part of a person's overall

ability

In the four-drive theory, achievement, competence, status, and self-esteem are produced by the drive to

acquire.

Support, trust, and organizational comprehension can all serve to build

affective commitment.

Based on the Big Five, employees who are trusting, helpful and considerate are

agreeable

Stress is best described as

an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person's well-being.

You see a group of employees at the company cafeteria and recognize a few as being from the engineering department. You assume the group are all engineers. This is an example of

categorical thinking.

People with a high need for achievement

choose moderately challenging tasks.

For most jobs, which Big Five factor is the best overall predictor of task performance?

conscientiousness

Which of the following refers to the fact that motivation is goal-directed, not random?

direction

What are the three elements of motivation that affect voluntary behavior?

direction, intensity, persistence

Which ethical principle says that the benefits and burdens of similar individuals should be the same; otherwise they should be proportional?

distributive justice

Motivation starts with our ________, which generate emotions that put us in a state of readiness to act.

drives

Attitudes have a cognitive component, but they are also influenced by ________, which are quick and imprecise and influence our feelings towards the attitude object.

emotional markers

Needs are essentially ________ that we become consciously aware of and channel toward particular goals and associated behaviors.

emotions

The ________ principle states that everyone in the group should receive the same outcomes.

equality

A person will often reach the state of ________ if they are unable to resist stress and the stress persists.

exhaustion

Liam was often praised by his former boss for his excellent customer service skills. But his new boss doesn't say anything to Liam about how well he serves customers. Over time, Liam's customer service performance decreases. This is an example of

extinction.

Carole is new to Japan. She has starting eating sushi and sashimi, riding her bike everywhere, and learning Japanese. She is developing a

global mindset.

In the field of organizational behavior, organizations are described as

groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose.

Senior executives at CloudStore must make a decision that will affect many people, and the decision may produce good or bad consequences for those affected. This decision

has a high degree of moral intensity.

Self-reinforcement can potentially minimize stress by

helping employees to develop more favorable perceptions of the stressors.

People who value their independence and personal uniqueness have

high individualism.

A culture which values formal relationships, obedience to authority, and an unequal distribution of power has

high power distance.

What does OB view as the most important ingredient in the organization's process of transforming inputs to outputs?

human capital

XYZ Corp. provided training and clarified job requirements. This practice improves employee motivation by

improving E-to-P expectancies.

Paid leave benefits and remote work are two ways to reduce stress by

improving work-life integration.

One successful way to minimize perceptual biases is by

increasing self-awareness.

A manager should ________ in order to increase an employee's expected satisfaction with outcomes resulting from desired performance.

individualize rewards

People experience self-actualization by applying their skills and knowledge, observing how their talents achieve meaningful results, and experiencing personal growth through learning. These are the conditions for

intrinsic motivation.

A problem with the utilitarian principle of ethical decision making is that

it is difficult to create a cost-benefit analysis because of the immeasurable outcomes.

Presenteeism is more common among employees with

low job security.

Pedro is a R&D manager at a manufacturing plant and his self-concept is considered to have low complexity. Which of the following would most likely be what he considers as his most important identities?

manager, engineer, family income-earner

In Schwartz's values circumplex, the _________ quadrant includes hedonism, stimulation, and self-direction.

openness to change

Assisting coworkers with their work problems, adjusting work schedules to accommodate coworkers, and showing genuine courtesy toward coworkers are forms of

organizational citizenship.

The strength of needs is impacted by self-concept, social norms and ________, which amplify or suppress emotions.

past experience

Which of the following refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us?

perception

Dylan is studying for an exam. The length of time that he studies would represent his ________ of effort.

persistence

Which anchor recognizes that OB theories should be useful to organizations?

practical orientation

Which type of justice is higher when the decision maker demonstrates neutrality, allows everyone involved to have their say, and allows an appeal of the decision?

procedural justice

Negative reinforcement is often confused with ________, even though it is the opposite.

punishment.

According to goal setting theory, goals must be within the employee's control. In other words, goals must be

relevant.

Due to ______, many employees wish for "greater clarity about what the organization needs from me."

role ambiguity

A global mindset begins with

self-awareness.

What are the three elements of self-evaluation?

self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control

According to ________, people learn by observing or hearing about what happened to other people, not just by directly experiencing the consequences.

social cognitive theory

One positive approach to feedback is ________, which focuses on areas of work where the employee excels or has demonstrated potential.

strength-based coaching

Customer service representatives are often angry with customers, but cannot show this emotion. If they behave appropriately but are still angry, they are engaged in

surface acting.

One important recent trend in employment relationships has been

the growth of indirect employment.

What is the main objective of applying the Johari Window?

to increase the size of the open area

People with high collectivism

value harmonious relationships in the groups to which they belong.

Gerard was unhappy that his company did not provide good parking facilities. He found it very stressful to find reasonably priced parking close to his workplace, and what he found caused him to walk several blocks in all weather. This eventually led to job dissatisfaction. Hence, he recommended ways to solve this problem. According to the EVLN model, this information suggests that Gerard's main reaction to job dissatisfaction was

voice.

Social identity theory says that

we define ourselves in terms of our membership in certain groups and our differences with people who belong to other groups.