Management final

The ____ is a decision-making method in which a panel of experts responds to questions and to each other until an agreement is reached on how a specific issue should be handled.

Delphi technique

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

Discontinuous change

____ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.

A-type conflict

Which of the following statements is true about planning?

It helps improve performance

Which of the following statements is true about the compression approach to managing innovation?

It is used during periods of incremental change.

A marine drill instructor is motivating new recruits to challenge themselves. Which management function is he engaged in?

Leading

As the human resources manager at Hayden Engineering and Manufacturing Corp, Kim had to find effective ways to reward high performing employees and boost their morale during an economic downturn. Which management function did Kim have to engage in?

Leading

____ is defined as getting work done through others.

Management

Which of the following statements about information management is true?

The first technologies to truly revolutionize the business use of information were paper and the printing press.

_____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

creative work environments

The purpose of a _____ strategy is to increase profits, revenues, market share, or the number of places (stores, offices, locations) in which the company does business.

growth

Groupthink occurs in ____.

highly cohesive groups where there is a great deal of pressure to agree with each other

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduced their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the _____ stage of the technology cycle.

incremental change

Ethical intensity depends on all of the following EXCEPT ____.

individual commitment

The term ____ refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture.

internal environment

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the _____ in a field or discipline.

knowledge, tools, and techniques

The CEO of Midwestern Sweets is often sits on the boards of other companies to share perspectives. The CEO performs the interpersonal role of a _____.

liasion

An expatriate is someone who _____.

lives and works outside his or her own country

Under conditions of _____, a competitive attack by a rival is more likely to produce sustained competitive advantage.

low resource similarity

The last step in effective planning is to _____.

maintain flexibility in planning

Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance are called _____.

milestones

_____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of the people from a particular country.

national culture

______ are the assets, capabilities, processes, information, and knowledge that an organization uses to improve its effectiveness and efficiency, to create and sustain competitive advantage, and to fulfill a need or solve a problem.

resources

A(n) _____ is a direct tax on imported goods.

tariff

In 2000, the United States imposed a tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect about 5,000 jobs. This tax is an example of a(n) _____.

tariff

The two general kinds of trade barriers are _____.

tariff barriers and nontariff barriers

Why is it often difficult for an employee to assume the role of whistleblower?

Because of the lack of company action on their complaints

_____ skills can be summarized as the ability to work well with others.

Human

____ focuses on the psychological and social aspects of work.

Human relations management

The _____ created a regional trading zone in Europe.

Maastricht Treaty

Which skill is needed to get employees to participate in competitive situations?

Motivation to manage

_____ plans are the day-to-day plans for producing or delivering the organization's products and services.

Operational

____ is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions.

Rational decision making

Which of the adaptive strategies tends to result in the poorest performance?

Reactors

_____ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies.

Technological substitution

_____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

The willingness of an expatriate's spouse and family to adjust to a foreign culture

Which of the following statements best describe managers in the monitor role?

They receive a great deal of unsolicited information because of their personal contacts.

Which of the following is the goal of scientific management?

To find the one best way to perform each task.

The _____ determined that companies can be prosecuted and punished for the illegal or unethical actions of employees even if management didn't know about the unethical behavior.

U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines

​Two managers have a conflict over the acquisition of resources required to complete their new projects. Both managers want the top performing employees of the firm to work under them. Eventually they arrive at a decision where they equally share the number of top performing employees. In this context, which of the following methods did they use to resolve the conflict?

compromise

According to Henri Fayol, _____ is monitoring progress toward goal achievement and taking corrective action when needed​.

controlling

The term _____ refers to the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "What business or businesses are we in or should we be in?"

corporate-level strategy

In the _____ stage of organizational decline, cutbacks and layoffs will have reduced the level of talent among employees.

crisis

​_____ is the rivalry between two companies that offer similar products and services, acknowledge each other as rivals, and act and react to each other's strategic actions.

direct competition

Companies are not considered unethical if they do not perform their _____ responsibilities.

discretionary

Which of the following is the first step in management by objectives?

discussing possible goals

The most important factor in an attractive business climate is the _____.

easy access to growing markets

_____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society.

economic

Venus Stores has installed more billing counters in its stores to reduce waiting time for customers. This will help the store improve its _____.

effectiveness

Environmental uncertainty is most likely to be lowest when:

environmental resource scarcity is low.

According to Mintzberg, managers in the _____ role perform ceremonial duties like greeting company visitors, speaking at the opening of a new facility, or representing the company at a community luncheon to support local charities.

figurehead

Hofstede's research has shown that there are _____.

five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries

Protectionism is the use of trade barriers to protect local companies and their workers from _____.

foreign competition

_____ are two kinds of cooperative contracts.

franchising and licensing

All of the following are important factors in the creation of an ethical business climate EXCEPT ____.

official approval of a company's ethics code by government regulators

Nearly all organizations that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival are viewed as ____.

open systems

Budgets are a type of ____ plans.

operational

The employees in Henderson Inc. have the freedom to plan their own schedules and are empowered to make decisions. The employees also believe in sharing common goals and striving for improving product quality. The managers have high levels of trust in their employees and foster team work. These beliefs and attitudes constitute Henderson's _____.

organizational culture

____ is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization.

organizational culture

_____ are used by organizational members to make sense of organizational events and changes and to emphasize culturally consistent assumptions, decisions, and actions. ​

organizational stories

_____ integrity tests indirectly estimate employee honesty by measuring psychological traits.

personality-based

_____ is choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve a goal.​

planning

A court ruling regarding the unfair firing of employees is a development in the _____ component of the general environment.

political/legal

_____ strategy is a corporate-level strategy that minimizes risk by diversifying investment among various businesses or product lines.

portfolio

A police officer who strongly believes in justice and does not accept bribes from others is operating at the _____ level of moral development.

postconventional

​_____refers to identifying and addressing customer needs, trends, and issues before they occur.

proactive monitoring

The _____ approach is an advocacy group tactic that relies on voluntary participation by the news media and the advertising industry to send out the advocacy group's message.​

public communications

Which of the following is the least aggressive approach likely to be used by an advocacy group?

public communications

Daniel works at an electrical equipment manufacturing plant. He manages to produce eight units of equipment per day while his coworkers usually manage to produce only five per day. In this context, Daniel is the _____ among his coworkers.

rate buster

The second step in a retrenchment strategy is _____.

recovery

_____ consists of the strategic actions that a company takes to return to a growth strategy.

recovery

In the context of managing change, _____ forces support the status quo.

resistance

Significant cost reductions, layoffs of employees, closing of poorly performing stores, offices, or manufacturing plants, or closing or selling entire lines of products or services would be characteristic of a _____ strategy.

retrenchment

According to ____, the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place.

the contingency approach

One of the important conditions that a firm must meet in order to gain a sustainable competitive advantage with its capital is:

the firm's resources must be imperfectly imitable.

The three stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg are ____.

the preconventional level, the conventional level, and the postconventional level

The _____ is a measure of the degree to which barriers to entry make it easy or difficult for new companies to get started in an industry.

threat of new entrants

Which of the following management processes is used to determine how workers can perform their tasks more efficiently?

time and motion studies

Who among the following are the secondary stakeholders of an organization?

trade associations

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?

unfreezing

_____ refer to discernible symbols of an organization's culture, such as the office design and layout, company dress code, and company benefits and perks, like stock options, personal parking spaces, or the private company dining room.​

visible artifacts

Which of the following is an element of bureaucratic organizations?

​Employees are hired on the basis of their technical training or educational background.

​Which of the following does a Gantt chart visually indicate?

​The time in which each task should be completed for a project

Managing global joint ventures can be difficult because they:

​represent a merging of four cultures.

Managers can use integrity tests to _____.

select and hire ethical employees

_____ is a method in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.

Direct foreign investment

At which stage of organizational decline does the decline become irreversible?

Dissolution stage

​_____ are defined as environments where the rate of environmental change is fast.

Dynamic environments

_____ is the ultimate form of commitment companies can make to their workers.

Employment security

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

coercion

​Which of the following was recommended by Gantt and Taylor?

companies should train and develop their workers

​_____ is defined as a firm's purpose or reason for existing.

company mission

An accountant with ____ has the ability to create a budget, compare the budget to the actual income statement, and determine unnecessary expenses.

technical skill

Every day, thousands of workers work in hazardous conditions to make clothes for Freeline Fashions, a clothing store. Every year, at least a thousand workers get injured because of their hazardous factory conditions. When this was brought to the notice of people by the media, the company's annual sales dropped by fifty percent. This is an example of how ____ stakeholders can influence organizational strategy.

secondary

_____ are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perceptions about its socially responsible behavior.

secondary stakeholders

_____ is a discrepancy between a company's intended strategy and the strategic actions managers take when actually implementing that strategy.

strategic dissonance

Top management is responsible for developing ____.

strategic plans

Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions (beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience meals, and grocery) and two marketing divisions (one for North America and the other for all other regions). According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of _____.

subsystems

_____ plans specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.

tactical

According to the S.M.A.R.T. guidelines, goals should be ____.

task-oriented