Management final
Type of formal groups
- command group - formal group that is outline in the chain of command on an organizational chart. - task group - is a formal group of organization members who interact with one another to accomplish most of the organizations nonroutine tasks.
How evaluate information
- identifying and evaluating data - evaluating the cost of data
4 factors to Information value
- information appropriateness - information quality - information timeliness - information quantity
Controlling process
- measuring performance - comparing measured performance to standards - taking corrective action
Types of teams
- problem solving team - a team set up to help eliminate a specified problem within the organization - self-managed team - sometimes called a self-managed work group or self-directed team, is a team that plans, organizes, and controls its own work situation with only minimal intervention and direction from management. - cross-functional team - is a work team composed of people from different functional area of the organization - marketing, finance, human resources, and operations, for example - who are all focused on a specified objective.
Stages of group development
- the acceptance stage - the communication and decision-making stage - the group solidarity stage - the group control stage
Power and control
- total power - a manager possesses is made up of two different kinds of power; position and personal power
Stages of team development
-forming - storming - norming - performing - adjourning
An organization that is innovative but not creative is characterized by a fertile source of good ideas, but lacking in the ability to make the ideas tangible.
False
Creativity can be sufficiently analyzed from an organization's perspective in terms of originality or newness
False
Deming's flow diagram for improving product quality focuses on aspects such as suppliers, materials, and customers rather than the test processes and methods used.
False
Employees who are more likely to think creatively under low time-pressure show creative thinking that is more oriented toward identifying problems than generating or exploring ideas
False
Generally, the top management of a company would most benefit from information such as summary reports of transactions, detailed reports of problems, and operating plans and policies.
False
In order to preserve their position power, managers should ask for personal favors from subordinates.
False
Information for operational control decisions does not need to be completely accurate because such decisions tend to be characterized by subjectivity and focus on areas that are difficult to measure.
False
Layout strategy is a plan of action outlining the operation methods the organization will use to transform resources into goods and services.
False
Pure-breakdown policy involves regular activities such as machine adjustments, lubrication, cleaning, parts replacement, and painting.
False
The establishment, development, and growth of the total quality management (TQM) movement throughout the world is largely credited to the United States
False
The gossip grapevine tends to distort messages more than any other grapevine pattern.
False
________ is the extent to which the receipt of information allows decisions to be made and action to be taken so the organization can gain some benefit from possessing the information.
Information timeliness
Which of the following is the most accurate observation of product quality?
It is a measure of how well a product does what it is intended to do
The process of the influencing subsystem involves the performance of six primary management activities
Leading, motivating, considering groups, communicating, encouraging
Which of the following is true about the steps a manager can take to increase his or her total power?
Making subordinates feel obligated to you will enhance your personal power
________ is the step of the innovation process in which a newly implemented idea is tracked to determine if and when the idea should be improved or terminated.
Monitoring
Which of the following should the source do to gather nonverbal feedback?
Observe the destination's gestures and facial expressions
After actual performance has been measured and compared with established performance standards, the next step in the controlling process is to take corrective action if necessary.
True
Appropriate information for strategic planning decisions is generally not completely current, but more historical in nature.
True
Communication is considered a supplementary management skill rather than a fundamental management skill.
True
Expertise and creative thinking are the individual's raw materials for being creative, but motivation determines whether an individual will actually be creative.
True
Good communicators consult with others when planning communications.
True
Product strategy is an operational plan of action outlining which goods and services an organization will produce and market.
True
Productivity is the relationship between the total amounts of goods or services being produced and the organizational resources needed to produce them.
True
Flextime
a more recent design strategy got motivating organization members
Capacity strategy
a plan of action aimed at providing the organization with the right facilities to produce the needed output at the right time.
Process strategy
a plan of action outlining the means and methods the organization will use to transform resources into goods and services.
Layout strategy
a plan of action that outlines the location and flow of all organizational resources around, into, and within production service facilities.
Location strategy
a plan of action that provides the organization with a competitive location for its headquarters, manufacturing, services, and distribution activities.
Personal power
a power derived from a manager's relationships with others.
Position power
a power derived from the organizational postion a manager holds. In general a manager moving from lower-level management to upper level management accrues more position power.
Quality circle
a small group of workers that meets to discuss quality assurance of a particular project and to communicate their solutions to these problems to management directly at a formal presentation session
Just in time inventory control
a technique for reducing inventories to a minimum by arranging for production components to be delivered to the production facility 'just in time to be used'
Leadership behavior
according to the path-goal theory of leadership, leaders exhibit four primary types of behavior. Directive behavior, Supportive behavior, Participation behavior, Achievement behavior.
Macrobarriers
are factors that hinder successful communication in a general communication situation
Quality
can be defined as how well a product does what it is intended to do - how closely it satisfies the specifications to which it was built
Informal Organization Communication
communication that does not follow the lines of the organization chart
Formal Organizational Communication
communication that follows the lines of the organization chart
Verbal communication
communication that uses either spoken or written words to share information with others
The operational study revealed that the company's inventory turnover is slow. This has forced them to maintain high levels of liquidity. Which of the following ratios is best suited to analyze the company's short-term solvency?
current ratio
The capacity of people to recognize their own feelings and the feelings of others, to motivate themselves, and to manage their own feelings as well as the emotions in relationships with others, is called ________.
emotional intelligence
Which of the following is the primary purpose of the influencing subsystem?
enhancing the attainment of management objectives
Group vs. team
groups - consists of any number or people who interact with one another, are psychologically aware of one another, and think of themselves as group team - is a group who members influence one another toward the accomplishment of an organization objective
Which of the following is the most widely known award in the United States that recognizes those organizations that produce exceptionally high-quality products and services?
he Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the value of information?
information cost
"Paralysis by analysis" is generally caused by ________.
information overload
Communication, theory X-Y
involves negative assumptions about people that McGregor believes mangers often use as the basis for dealing with their subordinates
Committee
is a group of individuals charged with performing a type of specific activity and is usually classified as a task group.
Formal groups
is a group that exists within an organization by virtue of management decree to perform tasks that enhance the attainment of organization objectives.
life cycle theory of leadership
is a rationale for linking leadership styles with various situations to ensure effective leadership. this theory posits essentially the same two types of leadership behavior as the OSU leadership studies, but its calls them "relationships" and "task"
Process theory of motivation
is an explanation of motivation that emphasizes how individuals are motivated.
Content theory of motivation
is an explanation of motivation that emphasizes people's internal characteristics.
Structure behavior
is any leadership activity that delineates the relationship between the leader and the leader's followers or establishes well-defined procedures followers should adhere to in performing their jobs.
Trait Approaches to Leadership
is based on early leadership research that assumed a good leader is born, not made.
Informal group
is defined as a collection of individuals whose common work experiences result in the development of a system of interpersonal relations that extend beyond those established by management
Consideration behavior
is leadership behavior that reflects friendship, mutual trust, respect, and warmth in the relationship b/w leader and followers.
Nonverbal communication
is sharing information without using words to encode thoughts.
Leadership style
is the behavior a leader exhibits while guiding organization members in appropriate directions
Operation management
is the performance of managerial activities that involves selecting, designing, operating, controlling, and updating production systems.
Statistical quality control
is the process used to determine how many products should be inspected to calculate a probability that the total number of products will meet organizational quality standards.
Behavior modification
it focuses on encouraging appropriate behavior by controlling the consequences of that behavior
Microbarriers
it is a factor that hinders successful communication in a specific communication situation.
Which of the following is a communication macrobarrier?
need for complex information
The performance of managerial activities that involve selecting, designing, managing, controlling and updating production systems is called ________.
operations management
Which of the following is an extrinsic source of motivation for a creative individual?
organizational rewards
Hman model
perhaps the most widely accepted framework for explaining the evolution of informal groups was developed by George Homans.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
physiological need, security or safety need, social need, esteem need, and self-actualization
The extent to which an individual is able to influence others so they respond to orders is called ________.
power
Which layout strategy would be most appropriate for an organization with a limited number of different products that require high production volumes, highly specialized equipment, and narrow employee skills?
product layout
Which of the following steps taken by managers to stimulate creativity is considered the most effective?
providing an appropriate level of job-related challenge
Achieving communication Effectiveness
seek to clarify your ideas before communicating, examine the true purpose of each communication, consider the total physical and human setting whenever you communicate.
Which of the following is a formal organization communication pattern that involves passing information from one individual to another in a sequence?
serial transmission
The person in the interpersonal communication situation who originates and encodes information to be shared with another person is called the ________.
source
The level of activity established to serve as a model for evaluating organizational performance is known as a(n) ________.
standard
Using videoconferencing to help organization members across the globe communicate more effectively is an example of a(n) ________.
technology idea
Managing work groups
the consideration of managing work groups require two steps. - determining group existence - understanding the evolution of informal group
behavioral approach to leadership
the failure to identify predictive leadership traits led researchers in this area to turn to other variables to explain leadership success.
Hygiene
the items that influence the degree of the job dissatisfaction
Tannenbaum/Schmidt continuum
the managers makes the decision and announces it, the manager sells the decision, the manager presents ideas and invites questions
Sociometric analysis
the procedure for performing a sociometric analysis in an organization is quite basic. Various org members simply are asked, through either interview or questionnaire, to name several other organization members with whom they would like to spend free time.
Job enrichment
the process of incorporating motivators into a job situation
Productivity
the relationship between the total amount of goods or services being produced (output) and the organizational resources needed to produce them (input) equation = productivity = outputs/inputs
Equity theory
the work of J. Stacy Adams, looks at an individual's perceived fairness of an employment situation and finds that perceived inequities can lead to changes in behavior.
Vroom expectancy theory
theory of motivation that encompasses some of these complexities. like the needs-goal theory, it is based on the premise that felt needs cause human behavior.
Motivating factors
those that influence the degree of job satisfaction
How to increase power
to increase personal power, a manager should attempt to develop the following attitudes and beliefs in organization members. - a sense of obligations toward the manager - a belief that the manager possesses a high level of expertise within the organization - a sense of identification with the manager - the perception that they are dependent on the manager
To minimize the negative effects of the perceptual differences of receivers on interpersonal communication, managers should ________.
try to send messages with precise meanings
A budget that automatically indicates an increase in the amount of resources allocated for various organizational activities when production levels go up is called a(n) ________.
variable budget