Management Final

data and information are the same knowledge.

!!!!

empowering workers means permanently passing decision-making authority and responsibility from managers to workers.

True

which of the following is a difference between fixed ratio reinforcement schedules and variable ratio reinforcement schedules?

Unlike fixed ratio reinforcement schedules, with variable ratio reinforcement schedules, consequences are delivered following a different number of behaviors that vary around a specified average number of behaviors.

which of the following is true concertive control?

a team member's behavior has to satisfy the rest of his or her team members.

Cold Stone, a floor tile manufacturing company, pays $100,000 per year to a real estate firm to obtain information regarding construction companies (potential clients) with new and upcoming projects. In the context of the costs of useful information, it can be concluded that Cold Stone incurs _____

acquisition cost

jacob is a cashier at a large supermarket. he is good-natured and easy to work with. his colleagues find him to be very cooperative. in the context of personalities, jacob can be described as being _____.

agreeable

which of the followings statements is true of organizational plurality?

all members are empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to an organization, customers, and themselves.

Diversity drives business growth by:

attracting different customers and markets.

Argon Inc., a textile company, installed new equipment in the factory two years ago. This increased the production rate. The chief executive officer of Argon wants to determine the current assets and liabilities of the company. The financial report that can provide this information is the __________.

balance sheet

concertive controls are based on:

beliefs that are shaped and negotiated by work groups

Denzi, a logistics company, recently launch an online application. to help set up the application's unique selling point, researchers at dense assessed the marketing strategy of another popular online application. this is an example of ____.

benchmarking

which of the following is an example of adverse impact, a criterion used in determining whether companies have engaged in discriminatory hiring and promotion practices? a. A company's hiring policies dictated that only 10% of the employees in the company can be women. b. The women in a company were given responsibilities equal to that of men but were paid lower salaries than men. c. Sixty percent of the questions on a competitive exam taken by blacks, Hispanics, and Chinese were on African American history, and most of the candidates who passed the test were black. d. The chief executive officer of an American company blatantly refused to employ an African American although he had an excellent academic record and was also the best performer in the interview.

c. Sixty percent of the questions on a competitive exam taken by blacks, Hispanics, and Chinese were on African American history, and most of the candidates who passed the test were black.

Passive listeners show the speaker that they are attentively listening by nodding and making short statements. T/F

False

In the context of reinforcement contingencies, which of the following statements is true of extinction? A. it weakens behavior by removing a positive consequence B. it is also known as avoidance learning c. it strengthens behavior by withholding an unpleasant consequence d. it is a type of negative reinforcement

It weakens behavior by removing a positive consequence.

Olivia is the owner of an interior designing firm. She has a tight-knit group of designers working for her. The designers have different working styles, but they work effectively as a team. In the given scenario, Olivia and her employees display _____. A. surface-level diversity B. deep-level diversity C. educational diversity D. religious diversity

deep-level diversity

afterglow, a body and bath products manufacturing company, produces around 12,000 bottles of shampoo a day. the production system used by the company is very efficient, and it packs close to 1000 bottles per house. once the production system is turn on, it functions round the clock to cap and deposit bottles until the machine is turned off. the manufacturing operation of afterglow is an example of ______.

continuous-flow production

according to total quality management (TQM), which of the following should be a company's primary goal?

customer satisfaction

Jay's motivation to work decreased after he found out that newly recruited sales representatives are offered double what he was offered a year ago for the same position. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario illustrate? a. Expectancy theory b. Herzberg's two-factor theory c. Alderfer's ERG Theory d. Equity theory

d. Equity theory

ordering cost refers to the costs of downtime and lost efficiency that occur when a machine is changed or adjusted to produce a different kind of inventory. t/f

false

output control measures what managers and workers do. t/f

false

service capability is an ongoing commitment to increase product and service quality by constantly assessing and improving the processes and procedures used to create those products and services. t/f

false

the glass ceiling is the invisible barrier that prevents older employees from advancing to the top jobs in organizations.

false

____ are calculations typically used to track a business's liquidity, efficiency, and profitability over time compared to other businesses in its industry.

financial ratio

according to goal-setting theory, ____ is the extent to which a goal is hard or challenging to accomplish.

goal difficulty

the term _____ refers to a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among an organization's employees and customers. t/f

diversity

White Planet Electronics is a company that sells the various inventories required by other companies to manufacture electronic gadgets. It spends $500 every month on a storage facility that manages and stores the parts. In this scenario, the money spent by White Planet Electronics toward the storage facility for the protection of the company's goods is called _____.

holding cost

idk

idk

unlike the discrimination and fairness paradigm, the access and legitimacy paradigm:

idk

which of the following statements describe positive reinforcement?

it strengthens behavior by following behaviors with desirable consequences.

alfred, an architect at abode inc., uses the term "spatial organization" while communicating to his client. the client is unable to understand the term used by alfred. in this scenario, the term "spatial organization" exemplifies

jargon

it is a violation to ask a female applicant for her _____ in a job application form.

maiden name

in the context of the components of transformational leadership, ____ means that transformational leaders encourage followers by providing meaning and challenge to their work.

n/a

in the context of the perception process, which of the following is a difference between attention and retention?

n/a

pay plans such as piecework and commissions are based on team performance. t/f

n/a

which of the following is a similarity between paralanguage and kinetics?

n/a

which of the following steps should companies take to reduce age discrimination?

n/a

At Corpceton, a plastic products manufacturing company, two to three newly hired machine operators are assigned to senior machine operators who train them for a few weeks. After the trainees complete three months of probation in the company, each of them is given a machine to operate on. In the context of training methods, this scenario best illustrates _____. a) on-the-job training b) refresher training c) sensitivity training d) vestibule training

on-the-job training

Although Marvin, a sales manager, did not perform well as a human resource manager, he performs exceptionally well in his current supervisory role. His subordinates complete their tasks despite complaining about his constant supervision and inflexible nature. Marvin's team has been meeting quarterly targets ever since he became the supervisor. In the context of McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, Marvin is most likely motivated by the need for _____.

power

As the chief innovation officer of a textile firm, Leroy has the ability to motivate employees to work toward organizational goals. He has an entrepreneurial outlook and an adventurous personality. He also has extensive knowledge of the company's products and target audience. In the context of McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, Leroy is most likely motivated by the need for _____.

power

PlayStat is a company that manufactures toys for toddlers. To begin the production, the manufacturers purchase unprocessed plastic and metals. In the context of manufacturing inventories, the unprocessed plastic and metal used to produce toys are referred to as _____.

raw material inventories

______ is the process of developing a pool of qualified applicant.

recruiting

which of the following is a common characteristic of quality products and quality services?

reliability

ABD Tech has invested $20 million to install business intelligence software (BIS) at all of its branches across the globe so that it can access stored information in its servers for business analysis and decision-making purposes. in this scenario, the cost incurred by ABD Tech is an example of _____.

retrieval cost

Unlike feedback control, concurrent control _____. a. gathers information about performance deficiencies after they occur. b. provides information about performance deficiencies by monitoring inputs rather than outputs. . c. shortens the delay between performance and feedback about the performance. d. is a mechanism for gathering information and providing feedback about performance deficiencies before they occur.

shortens the delay between performance and feedback about the performance

Mathew is a manager at Wonderworld Hypermarket. He finds it difficult to cooperate and work with Anthony when it comes to getting the work done to meet the sales targets. Anthony is Mathew's least preferred subordinate. Mathew describes Anthony as gloomy, insincere, lazy, unfriendly, and boring when his boss asks for a feedback about his subordinates. In this scenario, Mathew is following a _____ leadership style. ​a. relationship-oriented b. country club c. task-oriented d. team management

task-oriented

which of the following is a drawback of transactional leadership?

transactional leaders often rely too heavily on discipline or threats to bring performance up to standards.

Wyatt Four-Wheel Services is a popular garage, where part of employees' monthly salary depends on customer satisfaction. Seventy percent of the incentive is based on performance and the remaining thirty percent is based on customer satisfaction ratings and the quality of service. In this case, Wyatt Four-Wheel Services is committed to _____ A) internal service quality B) line-flow production C) implementing a just-in-time program D) total quality management

total quality management

In the context of downsizing, outplacement services often include advice and training in preparing resumes. t/f

true

average aggregate inventory for a month can be determined by simply averaging the inventory counts at the end of each business day for that month. t/f

true

communication is the process of transmitting information from one person or place to another. t/f

true

customer satisfaction and customer loyalty lead to long-term profits and growth. t/f

true

economic value added (EVA) does not specify what should or should not be done to improve performance. T/F

true

in the context of job performance, customer complaints are an objective performance measure. t/f

true

in the context of motivation, initiation of effort is concerned with the choices that people make in deciding where to put forth effort in their jobs. t/f

true

the access and legitimacy paradigm is consistent with achieving organizational plurality.

true

trait theory holds that leaders are taller and more confident and have greater physical stamina than nonleaders. t/f

true

Jonah is an efficient member of the design team at Cheer Advertising. However, he is often burdened with extra work that forces him to work overtime. Frustrated by this situation, he writes an email to the head of the design department expressing the difficulties he is facing at work. In this case, Jonah is engaging in _____.

upward communication

according to the normative decision theory, in which of the following situations should a group decision style be used?

when subordinates are likely to disagree or end up in conflict over a decision

travis runs a printing business. he gains some knowledge on his competitor's quality of printers and extracts ideas about pricing and delivery standards for his own business. this is an example of ______.

?

Sundown Communications, a media company, recently became ISO 9000 certified. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true of Sundown Communications?

It displays consistency in quality management and quality assurance in the company.

Debra is a fashion model. She recently broke up with her boyfriend of four years. To cope with depression, she keeps herself busy with work and frequently parties with friends. She likes being surrounded by people, and she never misses social gatherings organized by her modeling agency. In the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Debra's _____.

Belongingness needs

which of the following statements is true of the baldrige performance excellence awards? A) Eligibility fee is not charged when someone applies for the Baldrige Award. B) Application fee is not charged for small businesses that are eligible for the Baldrige Award. C) The Baldrige Award includes up to three awards that are given annually in various categories. D) The Baldrige Award is given on the basis of the level of compliance to ISO 9000 standards.

C) The Baldrige Award includes up to three awards that are given annually in various categories.

unlike upward communication, horizontal communication: A. is usually seen in organizations with centralized authority. B. helps higher-level managers assess organizational performance and effectiveness. C. helps people at the same organizational level resolve conflicts without involving high levels of management. D. encourages those at lower levels in an organization to share their concerns with higher-level authorities.

C. helps people at the same organizational level resolve conflicts without involving high levels of management.

In the context of recruitment, which of the following best defines validation?

It is the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance

____ is the extent to which it is possible to implement each step in the control process.

Cybernetic Feasability

At Ambrinsent, a start-up company, every employee chooses to go through an additional training process before promotion. The employees believe that their improved capabilities after training would be highly rewarded. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario illustrate?

Expectancy theory

Churchill Automobiles is a delivery truck manufacturer. It is a new company and wants to gather information on how to improve the standard of quality delivered by the company's production team. Based on this information, which of the following ISO standards must the company refer to?

ISO 9000

to cut costs, wray enterprises laid off 30 employees. thereafter, the existing employees were given cross-training to perform additional job duties. this led to increased productivity, but it also increased the instances of errors. this scenario illustrates ______.

Suboptimization

Lucas, the human resources manager at Krypton Inc., is least bothered about the qualifications and expertise of the employees his team recruits. He also turns a blind eye to the work-related problems his subordinates face. In the context of the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is Lucas using in this scenario?

The impoverished style

InfoQEN is a Wi-Fi router developer. A customer asked InfoQEN to develop a Wi-Fi router that can connect 10 devices simultaneously. InfoQEN developed the router and delivered it to the customer. After a day, the customer came back saying that the devices were not getting connected to the router as the router was located on a different floor. InfoQEN replied that if the distance between the router and devices is more than 10 meters, the devices will not get connected to the router. The device was built based on the number of devices to be connected and not on the possible distance between the devices and the router. To solve this problem, InfoQEN must now either redesign the router at additional costs or ask the customer to relocate the router. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this problem?

The information provided to InfoQEN was incomplete.

Which of the following statements is true of radio frequency identification tags?

The require a reader that tunes into a specific frequency to determine the number and location of products. ???

The passage of the 1964 civil rights act and title vii has decreased indices of racial and ethnic discrimination in the united states

True

durability is a characteristic that determines the quality of a service. t/f

false

economic value added (EVA) is the same thing as profits. t/f

false

if employees are told that budgets must be cut by 10 percent, they may automatically assume that 10 percent of employees will lose their jobs, too, even if that is not the case. this tendency to make assumptions is referred to as _____.

closure

when mark was told that his favorite shoe store would no longer stock his favorite brand of sneakers, he assumed that the shoe manufacturer was no longer manufacturing sneakers, even though that was not the case. this scenario illustrates the concept of _____. A) closure B) kinesics C) social loafing D) structural accommodation

closure

Chace is a manager at Westwick Inc, an advertising company. He regularly holds meetings with his subordinates to track their work progress and address issues that they might be facing. This way, Chace tries to ensure that issues are identified early and work is completed on time. In this case, Chace is using _____. A) feedback control B) feedforward control C) concurrent control D) reactive control

concurrent control

sophia is a manager at a clothing store. her superiors want to promote her because she is hardworking and responsible. they do not feel the need to constantly check on the store because they know that she is thorough with her work. in the context of personalities, sophia can be described as being ___. a) an extravert b) an introvert c) conscientious d) unconscientious

conscientious

______ is the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, persevering, thorough, and achievement oriented.

conscientiousness

expert systems do not permit non expert employees to draw on the expert knowledge base to make decisions. t/f

false

in the context of accessing and sharing information, _____ allow company managers and employees to use a web browser to gain access to customized company information and to complete specialized transactions.

corporate portals

Benjamin, a creative director at a marketing firm, is responsible for conducting the final round of interviews for those who apply for the posts of advertising and editorial photographer, graphic artist, and graphic designer. As part of the interview, he asks candidates to furnish contact details of the supervisors of their previous jobs. This scenario illustrates that benjamin gives high importance to ____. A) employment references B) job specifications C) cognitive abilities D) employee performance appraisals

employment references

extraversion is the degree to which someone is not angry, depressed, anxious, emotional, insecure, or excitable. t/f

false

after deciding to open a new branch in the city of Rivienques, brempath bank posted all the job opening for the new brand in an internet job site called jobifynn.com. in this scenario, Brempath Bank is engaged in _____.

external recruiting

after the chief executive officer of Wradamt inc. resigned, the human resources department of the company placed an advertisement in serval leading newspapers inviting applicants with the requisite qualifications and work experience. in this scenario, Wradamt Inc. is engaged in _____.

external recruiting

Affirmative action programs guarantee workplace diversity.

false

Immediate and voluntary retirement of an employee is called phased retirement. t/f

false

The key to sustaining a competitive advantage is using faster computers, more memory, and larger hard drives.

false

verdure westerns, a retailer, recently employed a unique data mangement system that automatically transfers order information to the relevatnt vendor. unlike its compeititors, this system enables the company to smoothly convey information without any manual effort, thereby reducing the labor costs of the company. by employing this new data management system, verdure westerns has most likely achieved _____. a. competitive inertia b. strategic dissonance c. first-mover advantage d. second-mover advantage

first-mover advantage

With continuous reinforcement schedules, a consequence: A. is delivered following a specific number of behaviors B. is delivered following a different number of behaviors. C. follows a behavior only after a fixed time has elapsed D. follows every instance of behavior

follows a behavior only after a fixed time has elapsed

Brett, a marketing associate at Brix Inc., got stuck in a massive traffic jam while commuting to work. Consequently, he missed an important meeting with a potential client. Ethan, his manager, was furious. He assumed that Brett missed the meeting because he was irresponsible and lazy. In this scenario, Ethan's perception of Brett represents a _____. selective attribution error defensive bias fundamental attribution error self-serving bias

fundamental attribution error

Colbert Solutions, an electronic equipment manufacturer, recently manufactured a new digital soil moisture meter for the farmers in Lucitona. The equipment measures the moisture content in soil and also states the amount of water that needs to be added to the soil. After collecting the readings from the equipment, the farmers added the exact amount of water indicated by the meter; however, this led to waterlogging-saturation of soil with water. It can be concluded that the information provided by the digital soil moisture meter was _____. A) incomplete B) inaccurate C) irrelevant D) untimely

inaccurate

a memo or email is often a better communication medium than the oral medium when the message:

includes straightforward information

agreeableness is the degree to which someone is ____.

n/a

identify a true statement about annual capture of information.

n/a

The production team of Lining Corp., a company that manufactures soccer balls, has determined the quantity of latex rubber, threads, labor, and electricity required to make one soccer ball. The collective effort of all these resources would help Lining Corp. determine its _____.

multifactor productivity

______ is the process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and retain information from their environments.

perception

According to Maslow, which of the following is on the top of the hierarchy of needs?

self-actualization needs

Chenrezic is an organization that specializes in subtitling foreign movies and television shows. According to the company's policy, if managers and employees meet quality standards, they can avail as many leaves as they like. This scenario illustrates that Chenrezic uses _____.

self-control