Management Information Systems Chapter 4 Ethics and Information Security: MIS Business Concerns
information security
a broad term encompassing the protection of information from accidental or intentional misuse by persons inside or outside an organization
drive-by hacking
a computer attack where an attacker accesses a wireless computer network, intercepts data, uses network services, and/or sends attack instructions without entering the office or organization that owns the network
competitive click-fraud
a computer crime where a competitor or disgruntled employee increases a company's search advertising costs by repeatedly clicking on the advertiser's link
nonrepudiation
a contractual stipulation to ensure that ebusiness participants do not deny their online actions
digital certificate
a data file that identifies individuals or organizations online and is comparable to a digital signature
smart card
a device that is around the same size as a credit card, containing embedded technologies that can store information and small amounts of software to perform some limited processing
zombie farm
a group of computers on which a hacker has planted zombie programs
phishing expedition
a masquerading attack that combines spam with spoofing
authentication
a method for confirming users' identities
information governance
a method or system of government for information management or control
spear phishing
a phishing expedition in which the emails are carefully designed to target a particular person or organization
vishing (voice phishing)
a phone scam that attempts to defraud people by asking them to call a bogus telephone number to confirm their account information
typosquatting
a problem that occurs when someone registers purposely misspelled variations of well-known domain names
zombie
a program that secretly takes over another computer for the purpose of launching attacks on other computers
spyware
a special class of adware that collects data about the user and transmits it over the Internet without the user's knowledge or permission
phishing
a technique to gain personal information for the purpose of identity theft, usually by means of fraudulent e-mail
digital rights management
a technological solution that allows publishers to control their digital media to discourage, limit, or prevent illegal copying and distribution
certificate authority
a trusted third party, such as VeriSign, that validates user identities by means of digital certificates
teergrubing
an anti-spamming approach where the receiving computer launches a return attack against the spammer, sending email messages back to the computer that originated the suspected spam
information property
an ethical issue that focuses on who owns information about individuals and how information can be sold and exchanged
patent
an exclusive right to make or sell an invention and is granted by a government to the inventor
cyberwar
an organized attempt by a country's military to disrupt or destroy information and communication systems for another country
opt out
choosing to deny permission to incoming emails
time bombs
computer viruses that wait for a specific date before executing their instructions
information privacy policy
contains general principles regarding information privacy
ethical computer use policy
contains general principles to guide computer user behavior
internet use policy
contains general principles to guide the proper use of the internet
decrypt
decodes information and is the opposite of encrypt
advanced encryption standard (AES)
designed to keep government information secure
information security plan
details how an organization will implement the information security policies
email privacy policy
details the extent to which email messages may be read by others
information management
examines the organizational resource of information and regulates its definitions, uses, value, and distribution ensuring it has the types of data/information required to function and grow effectively
hackers
experts in technology who use their knowledge to break into computers and computer networks, either for profit or just motivated by the challenge
intrusion detection software (IDS)
features full-time monitoring tools that search for patterns in network traffic to identify intruders
information ethics
govern the ethical and moral issues arising from the development and use of information technologies, as well as the creation, collection, duplication, distribution, and processing of information itself
internet censorship
government attempts to control internet traffic, thus preventing some material from being viewed by a country's citizens
social engineering
hackers use their social skills to trick people into revealing access credentials or other valuable information
information security policies
identify the rules required to maintain information security, such as requiring users to log off before leaving for lunch or meetings, never sharing passwords with anyone, and changing passwords every 30 days
cyberbullying
includes threats, negative remarks, or defamatory comments transmitted through the Internet or posted on the website
intellectual property
intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form and includes copyrights, trademarks, and patents
threat
is an act or object that poses a danger to assets
firewall
is hardware and/or software that guard a private network by analyzing incoming and outgoing information for the correct markings
insiders
legitimate users who purposely or accidentally misuse their access to the environment and cause some kind of business-affecting incident
dumpster diving
looking through people's trash
destructive agents
malicious agents designed by spammers and other internet attackers to farm email addresses off websites or deposit spyware on machines
content filtering
occurs when organizations use software that filters content, such as emails, to prevent the accidental or malicious transmission of unauthorized information
social media policy
outlines the corporate guidelines or principles governing employee online communications
child online protection act
passed to protect minors from accessing inappropriate material on the internet
epolicies
policies and procedures that address information management along with the ethical use of computers and the internet in the business environment
downtime
refers to periods of time in which a system is unavailable
ediscovery (electronic discovery)
refers to the ability of a company to identify, search, gather, seize, or export digital information in responding to a litigation, audit, investigation, or information inquiry
acceptable use policy (AUP)
requires a user to agree to follow it to be provided access to corporate email, information systems, and the Internet
pharming
reroutes requests for legitimate websites to false websites
anti-virus software
scans and searches hard drives to prevent, detect, and remove known viruses, adware, and spyware
encryption
scrambles information into an alternative form that requires a key or password to decrypt
mail bomb
sends a massive amount of email to a specific person or system that can cause that user's server to stop functioning
anti-spam policy
simply states that email users will not send unsolicited emails (or spam)
tokens
small electronic devices that change user passwords automatically
counterfeit software
software that is manufactured to look like the real thing and sold as such
adware
software that, while purporting to serve some useful function and often fulfilling that function, also allows Internet advertisers to display advertisements without the consent of the computer user
virus
software written with malicious intent to cause annoyance or damage
employee monitoring policy
stating explicitly how, when, and where the company monitors its employees
physical security
tangible protection such as alarms, guards, fireproof doors, fences, and vaults
click-fraud
the abuse of pay-per-click, pay-per-call, and pay-per-conversion revenue models by repeatedly clicking a link to increase charges or costs for the advertiser
information compliance
the act of conforming, acquiescing, or yielding information
confidentiality
the assurance that messages and information remain available only to those authorized to use them
information secrecy
the category of computer security that addresses the protection of data from unauthorized disclosure and confirmation of data source authenticity
cybervandalism
the electronic defacing of an existing website
identity theft
the forging of someone's identity for the purpose of fraud
biometrics
the identification of a user based on a physical characteristic, such as a fingerprint, iris, face, voice, or handwriting
copyright
the legal protection afforded an expression of an idea, such as a song, book, or video game
ethics
the principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people
authorization
the process of providing a user with permission including access levels and abilities such as file access, hours of access and amount of allocated storage space
privacy
the right to be left alone when you want to be, to have control over your personal possessions and not to be observed without your consent
cryptography
the science that studies encryption, which is the hiding of messages so that only the sender and receiver can read them
website name stealing
the theft of a website's name that occurs when someone, posing as a site's administrator, changes the ownership of the domain name assigned to the website to another website owner
pirated software
the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or sale of copyrighted software
cyberterrorism
the use of computer and networking technologies against persons or property to intimidate or coerce governments, individuals, or any segment of society to attain political, religious, or ideological goals
workplace MIS monitoring
tracks people's activities by such measures as number of keystrokes, error rate, and number of transactions processed
spam
unsolicited email
pharming attack
uses a zombie farm, often by an organized crime association, to launch a massive phishing attack
public key encryption (PKE)
uses two keys: a public key that everyone can have and a private key for only the recipient