Management Strategies in Athletic Training

third party

(1) A medical vendor with no binding interest in a particular isurance contract. (2) A party affected by, but not directly involved in, a situation. Professionals who simply have knowledge of an unethical act can be affected by it because they have a professional responsibility to act on such knowledge

Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

A blueprint for handling emergencies that helps establish accountability for their management

International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-CM)

A coding system applied to illnesses, injuries, and other medical conditions to standardize the language associated with third-party reimbursement

health history form

A detailed questionnaire designed to document an athlete's previous injuries, illnesses, and other medical conditions. This form often serves as the basis for additional medical follow-up and evaluation

schematic drawings

A graphic representation, derived from the program statement, that illustrates the relationships among the principal functions of a building

pooled buying consortium

A group of similar institutions that merge resources to purchase goods in large quantities to receive volume discounts

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

A highly accurate method for detecting the presence of performance enhancing and other drugs, including anabolic steroids, in an athlete's urine

Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI)

A highly sensitive device designed to discontinue the flow of electricity in an electrical circuit during a power surge

Assumption of Risk

A legal defense that attempts to claim that an injured plaintiff understood the risk of an activity and freely chose to undertake the activity regardless of the hazards associated with it

sovereign (governmental) immunity

A legal doctrine that holds that neither governments nor their agents can be held liable for negligent actions

Individual Practice Association (IPA)

A managed care model whereby an HMO provides health care services through a network of individual medical practitioners. Care is provided in a physician's office as opposed to a large, multifunctional medical center

Interpersonal Role

A managerial role, emanating from the possession of formal authority, that requires the manager to interact and form relationships with others in the organization

maturational assessment

A medical screening procedure based on Tanner's stages of maturational development. It is often used to classify children and adolescents for the purpose of matching them with appropriate athletic opponents

fixed budgeting

A method in which expenditures and revenues are projected on a monthly basis, thereby providing an estimate of cash flow.

layered coverage

A method of using different insurance companies to underwrite different levels of coverage in a common policy

Variable budgeting

A method requiring adjustment of monthly expenditures so that they do not exceed revenues.

zero-based budgeting

A model that requires justification for every budget line item without reference to previous spending patterns

Capital Campaign

A program, usually of fixed length, designed to raise funds for program creation, development, and improvement

cultural awareness

A set of behaviors that an individual or group of individuals possesses and implements through consistent actions that demonstrate appropriate behavior of diverse cultures

person specification

A specific delineation, based on the job specification, of the qualities, skills, and characteristics a person must have to fill a particular role

medical practice act

A state law regulating the practice of medicine, usually by specifying who may practice and under what circumstances

explanation of benefits form (EOB)

A summary prepared by an insurance company, and sent to a policyholder, that documents how the insurance policy covered the charges associated with a particular claim

developmental supervision

A supervisory model that emphasizes collaboration between supervisors and supervisees to help them solve problems and develop professionally

inspection-production

A supervisory model that emphasizes the use of formal authority and managerial prerogatives to improve employee efficiency and efficacy

Capitation

A system whereby medical vendors receive a fixed amount per patient

process analysis

A technique for streamlining the number and complexity of steps needed to provide a service to a customer

Catastrophic Insurance

A type of accident insurance designed to provide lifelong medical, rehabilitation, and disability benefits for a victim of devastating injury

Spending-ceiling model

A type of expenditure budgeting that requires justification only for expenses that exceed those of the previous budget cycle, also known as the incremental model

Athletic Accident Insurance

A type of insurance policy intended to reimburse medical vendors for the expenses associated with acute athletic accidents

formalistic culture

A type of organizational culture characterized by a clear chain of command and well-defined lines of formal authority

personalistic culture

A type of organizational culture characterized by autonomy in decision making and problem solving

health insurance

A type of policy designed to reimburse the cost of preventative as well as corrective medical care

BOC Athletic Trainer Regulatory Conference

An event focused on state regulatory issues affecting athletic trainers

express warranty

An explicit statement specifying the conditions, circumstances, and terms under which a vendor will replace or repair a product if found to be faulty

World Federation of Athletic Training and Therapy (WFATT)

An organization that brings together ATs and similar health care professionals from around the world to share ideas and support one another.

Market Analysis

Analysis that includes a written description of the competitive advantages of a business, analysis of the competition, pricing structure, and marketing plan

subcontractor

Company hired by general contractor to complete a particular portion of the building project - work is usually devoted to a particular skilled trade = plumbing / electrical / landscaping

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)

Congressional act responsible for establishing minimum wage and overtime pay guidelines for employees

medical record

Cumulative documents of a person's medical history and healthcare interventions

external evaluators

Experts not affiliated with an organization who are retained to assess the various programs within the organization

OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

Federal government rules that require employers to protect employees against the accidental transmission of bloodborne pathogens, especially HIV and hepatitis B

FOB point

Freight-on-board point - point at which the title for shipped goods passes from vendor to purchaser

UB-04 (CMS-1450)

Insurance claim form that hospitals should use

Free Commission Committee

NATA Foundation committee that reviews case reports and research submissions for presentation at the NATA Clinical Symposia each year

Committee on Practice Advancement (COPA)

NATA comittee that supports ATs in emerging settings and works on reimbursement issues

Federal Legislative Council

NATA committee focused on national legislative efforts

Ethnic Diversity Advisory Committee (EDAC)

NATA committee formed to study the issues affecting minorities and to enhance minorityinvolvement in the profession of athletic training

Student Leadership Committee

NATA committee made up of noncertified AT students to represent student interests and plan the strudent portion of the NATA Clinical Symposia each year

Intercollegiate Council for Sports Medicine (ICSM)

NATA committee that focuses on issues faced by athletic trainers working in the college and university setting

Convention Program Committee (CPC)

NATA committee that plans and runs the NATA Annual Meeting and Clinical Symposia each year

International Committee (IC)

NATA committee that supports ATs working outside of the US

Young professionals' committee (YPC)

NATA committee that supports newly certified ATs

State Association Advisory Committee (SAAC)

NATA committee that supports state leaders to help them better manage their state associations

Government Affairs Committee (GAC)

NATA committee that supports state legislative efforts and awards grants to states to help fund these efforts

Secondary School Athletic Trainers' Committee (SSATC)

NATA committee that works on issues specific to ATs working in secondary schools

natural lighting

Outside light used to illuminate indoor spaces usually through windows or skylights

Title IX Legislation

Part of the US Education Amendments of 1972 that made it illegal to discriminate based on gender in educational institutions

utility standards

Performance evaluation standards intended to help ensure that employee appraisal is useful to workers, employers, and others who need to use the information

Feasibility Standards

Performance evaluation standards intended to help foster practicality in the employee appraisal process

Stark Law

Physician self-referral law; prevents health care practitioners from referring patients to entities with whom they or their family members have a financial relationship

Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)

Sets accreditation standards and awards accreditation to professional, posprofessional and residency programs

Tanner staging

Sexual maturity rating used widely to assess and monitor the degree of maturation of an adolescent's primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

Good Samaritan Laws

Statutes intended to shield certain health care practitioners from certain types of legal liability when they voluntarily come to the aid of injured or ill persons under specific circumstances

forseeability

The ability to project the likely outcome of an act

Traffic patterns

The anticipated flow of people from one area of a building to another

Clinical Education

The application of athletic training knowledge, skills, and clinical abilities on an actual patient base that is evaluated and feedback provided by a preceptor.

Proximate (legal) cause

The degree to which the harm caused by a health care practitioner was foreseeable

Copayment

The percentage of a medical bill not paid for by the insurance company that the patient is responsible for

honeymoon effect

The period of time, usually immediately after arriving in a new position, in which persons are more likely to be granted extra authority to make decisions

medical ethics

The process by which one determines right from wrong when medical care is involved

inventory management

The process of controlling equipment and supply stocks so that services can be provided without interruption while the use of institutional resources is maximized

false-negative

The results of a drug test that indicate either the absence of a banned compound or its presence below an acceptable level, when in fact the compound is present above acceptable levels

false-positive

The results of a drug test that indicate the presence of a banned compound above an acceptable level, when in fact the compound is either absent or present below acceptable levels

evidence-based medicine

The type of medicine that considers scientific findings experience of the clinician, and considerations of the patient in an effort to provide the best care

mixing valve

Type of plumbing fixture designed to blend hot and cold water eliminating the need for separate hot and cold water controls

breach of confidentiality

Violation of a commitment to privacy and protection of information or communications

reasonable suspicion

a basis for selecting subjects for drug testing, taking into account observable signs of drug use. Aka reasonable or probable cause

Health history update

a brief questionnaire designed to determine whether an athlete suffered any injuries or developed any medical conditions since the last comprehensive PPE

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)

a codign system applied to medical procedures to standardize the language associated with third-party reimbursement

Peter Principle

a concept that states that in a hierarchy, every employee tends to raise to his level of incompetence

Design-Build

a construction method that uses only one firm both to design and construct a new building

duty

a contract between the AT and employer to provide athletic training services to the clientele served by the employer

data port

a dedicated phone line or network terminal used to connect computers in different locations

purchase order

a document that formalizes the terms of a purchase and transmits the intentions of the buyer to purchase goods or services from a vendor

Request for Quotation (RFQ)

a document that provides vendors with the specifications for bidding on the sale of goods and services

omission

a failure to act when there was a legal duty to do so

Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT)

a first-line screening procedure designed to detect abuse of drugs or the presence of performance-enhancing drugs by testing an athlete's urine

licensure

a form of state credentialing, established by statute and intended to protect the public, that regulates the practice of a trade or profession by specifying who may practice and what duties they may perform

Certification

a form of title protection, established by state law or sponsored by professional associations, designed to ensure that practitioners have essential knowledge and skills sufficient to protect the public

position description

a formal document that describes the qualifications, work content, accountability, and scope of a job

organizational chart

a graphic representation of an organization's structure, usually arranged by function, by service, or in a matrix format

planning committee

a group of institutional employees who work with an architect to develop the design of a building

managed care

a growing concept in the insurance industry emphasizing cost control through coordination of medical services, for example with an HMO or PPO

Loss of Consortium

a legal claim of damages for injuries to a spouse or for alienation of a spouse's affection

comparative negligence

a legal doctrine intended to determine the degree to which a plaintiff contributed to the harm caused by a defendant

tort

a legal wrong, other than a breach of contract, for which a remedy will be provided, usually in the form of monetary damages

exemption

a legislative mechanism used to release members of one profession from the liability of violating another profession's practice act

curriculum vitae (CV)

a longer version of an individual's resume, typically used for academic positions. it is more detailed and lists publications, classes taught, committees that the individual has served on, and awards received

focus charting

a medical record that registers a patient's complaint data, the health care practitioner's actions, and the patient's response

liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometery (LC/MS/MS)

a method of drug testing used to indicate the presence of drugs in an athlete's urine

mass screening

a method of preparticipation physical examination whereby many athletes are screened simultaneously, usually in a school gymnasium or locker room

narrative charting

a method of recording the details of a patient's assessments and treatments using a detailed, prose-based format

lump-sum budgeting

a method that allocates a fixed amount of money for an entire proram without specifying how the money will be spent

line-item budgeting

a method that allocates a fixed amount of money for each subfunction of a program

performance budgeting

a method that allocates funds for discrete activities

Construction Management

a method that involves the general contractor as part of the design team from the beginning of the building process

organizational structure

a model that defines the relationships among the members of an organization

Agreement-Trust Matrix

a model that identifies and types the most important people in developing support for a plan

CARF International (Commission on Accreditation on Rehabilitation Facilities)

a nonprofit agency that sets quality standards for rehabilitation services and facilities

primary party

a person directly involved as a participant in an activity

guardian

a person who has legal responsibility for the care and decisions of someone who is incompetent for act for himself or who is a minor

forecast

a prediction of future conditions based on various statistics and indicators that describes an athletic training program's past and present situations

risk management

a process designed to prevent losses of all kinds for everyone associated with organization, including its directors, administrators, employees, and clients

Deposition

a process of discovery, where facts regarding the case are formally gathered through questioning of an individual under oath

legal structure

a process that regulates the business operations; identifies who the business owner is; and ensures a method for tax collection, employee wages and protection, and fair practice acts

lump-sum bidding

a process whereby general contractors provide cost quotations for the right to construct or removate a building

bidding

a process whereby vendors provide cost quotations for goods and services they want to sell

National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA)

a professional membership organization for ATCs and others who support the AT profession

Amendment

a proposed change to a bill or law, which can be a minor edit, major edit, addition, or deletion of language in the bill or law

Approved Provider

a provider of continuing education for athletic trainers that has met all of the requirements of the BOC to offer CEUs to ATCs

safe harbor clause

a provision that allows an individual to self-report a substance problem without repercussions of a positive test. Self-reporting must occur before formal notification of being selected for a drug test

excuse

a reason that is considered justifiable

exculpatory clause

a signed release from a patient or parents that waives all future legal claims against an athletic trainer or the employing institution

bicameral legislature

a state legislature consisting of two regularoty bodies, both of which must pass bills before they move to the governor's office to be signed into law, typically called a House of Representatives and a Senate

leadership

a subset of power that involves influencing the behavior and attitudes of others to achieve intended outcomes

problem-oriented medical record (POMR)

a system of medical record keeping that organized information around a patient's specific complaints

program evaluation

a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the worth of a particular program

needs assessment

a systematic set of procedures undertaken to set organizational or programmatic priorities based on identified needs

code of ethics

a systematized set of standards or principles that defines ethical behavior appropriate for a profession. Moral values determine the standards and principles

internal chart audit

a technique for patient records review performed by the sports medicine staff as part of a quality assurance program

External Chart Audit

a technique for patient records review, performed by an accreditation agency or a payer, intended to ensure that patient care is appropriate and meets certain minimum standards

work-life balance

a theory that focuses on the blending of and prioritizing between an individual's work and lifestyle

Spending-reduction model

a type of budgeting used during periods of financial retrenchment that requires reallocation of institutional funds, resulting in reduced spending levels for some programs

allocator of resources

a type of decisional role in which the leader exercises authority to determine how organizational assets will be deployed

entrepreneurial role

a type of decisional role in which the leader initiates and designs controlled change with an organization

distrubance handler

a type of decisional role in which the leader manages conflict

standpipe drain

a type of drain that is raised above floor level

requisition

a type of formal or informal communication, usually written, used for requesting authorization to purchase goods or services

Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)

a type of health insurance plan that provides financial incentives to encourage policyholders to use medical vendors approved by the company

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

a type of health insurance plan that requires policy holders to use only those medical vendors approved by the company. All medical services are coordinated by a PCP, who acts as a gatekeeper to specialty services

primary coverage

a type of health, medical, or accident insurance that begins to pay for covered expenses immediately after a deductible has been paid

secondary coverage

a type of health, medical, or accident insurance that begins to pay for covered expenses only after all other sources of insurance coverage have been exhausted. AKA excess insurace

monitor

a type of informational role that requires the leader to observe and keep abreast of changes that will affect the group and its activity

medical insurance

a type of insurance that a patient purchases in the form of a policy from a health insurance company for the purpose of covering medically related expenses

analytical listening

a type of listening approach in which one is open-minded despite listening for specific words or terms

Charting by exception

a type of medical record that notes only those patient responses that vary from predefined norms

procedure

a type of operational plan that provides specific directions for members of an organization to follow

Collegial Culture

a type of organizational culture characterized by consensus, teamwork, and participatory decision making

matrix structure

a type of organizational model that defines relationships in terms of both function and services

operational plan

a type of plan that defines organizational activities in the short term (no longer than 2 years)

policy

a type of plan that expresses an organization's intended behavior relative to a specific program subfunction

strategic planning

a type of planning that involves critical self-examination to bring about organizational improvement

Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO)

a type of preferred provider organization in which medical services are reimbursed only if the patient uses contracted providers

registration

a type of state credentialing that requires qualified members of a profession to register with the state in order to practice

negligence

a type of tort in which an AT fails to act as a reasonably prudent AT would act under the circumstances

National Provider Indentifier (NPI) number

a unique 10-digit ID number used in standard health care transactions, issued by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to health care professionals and covered entities in the US that transmit standard HIPAA electronic transactions

insurance claim tracking form

a worksheet that aids in tracking the progress of an insurance claim through the entire process

job description

a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job

job specification

a written description of the requirements or qualifications a person should have in order to fill a particular role in an organization

standing orders

a written document in which a physician provides operational directions for an athletic trainer to adhere to

mission statement

a written expression of an organization's philosophy, purposes, and characteristics

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

act that helps employees transfer their health insurance when they switch employers, ensures that their health information will remain private, and gives people more access to their own health care information

rider

additions to a standard insurance policy that provide coverage for conditions not normally covered

fee-for-service plan

aka an indemnity plan. A type of traditional medical insurance whereby patients are free to seek medical services from any provider. The plan covers a portion of the cost of covered procedures, and the patient is responsible for the balance.

Total Quality Management (TQM)

aka continuous quality improvement. a management system that emphasizes continuous improvement in the process by which work is accomplished to create improvements in a product. A continuous focus on the needs and desires of clients is a major focus of TQM

commission

an action that violates a legal duty

commercial loan

an amount of money borrowed from a lending institution for the purpose of establishing, improving, or maintaining a business

mobile workplace

an arrangement that allows an employee the chance to work remotely

formative evaluation

an assessment designed primarily for improvement of a program

summative evaluation

an assessment designed primarily to describe the effectiveness or accomplishments of a program

NATA Research and Education Foundation (NATA Foundation)

an entity that awards research grants and scholarships, and manages Free Communications and the NATA Quiz Bowl

lobbyist

an individual hired and typically paid by a business or organization to advocate for particular issues with the legislatue at the state or federal level or both

spokesperson role

an informational role that requires communication with organizational influencers and members of the organization's public

disseminator

an informational role that requires the leader to communicate with members of the group

figurehead role

an interpersonal role that requires the authority holder to represent the group, usually in a visible public capacity

liason role

an interpersonal role that requires the leader to interact with others in the group, including superiors, subordinates, and coequals

Political Action Committee (PAC)

an organization that accepts donations used to support legislative efforts, often used for campaign contributions to key legislators to garner support for important issues at state or national levels

budget

an organized plan for coordinating resources, revenues, and expenditures

breach of contract

an unexcused failure to perform the services specified in a contract, either formal or informal

implied warranty

an unstated understanding that a vendor will "make good" if a product is faulty

Patient encounter

any interaction that an AT has with a patient that is related to that patient's medical history

preemployment test

any procedure (including drug test) conducted on a potential employee that is used to determine the applicant's suitability for employment

interference

anything, including environmental elements or characteristics of the communication medium, that distorts the message sent from the sender to the receiver

high-risk behaviros

behaviors that expose a person to an unnecessarily high degree of physical or psychological jeopardy

tax-exempt bonds

bonds authorized and sold by governmental agencies to provide funding for construction projects

carrier

charge-based provider contracted by the federal government, charged with reviewing Medicare claims made by physicians or other health care providers

reliability (in staff selection)

consistency of staff selection procedures

intermediary

cost-based provider contracted by the federal government and charged with reviewing Medicare claims made by hospitals

fraud

criminal misrepresentation for the purpose of financial gain

appropriate medical coverage for intercollegiate athletics (AMCIA)

document developed by NATA to assess how much staffing is required based on health care units (HCU) in a college or university athletic setting

felxible work arrangements

employment arrangements that allow employees to establish their own work schedules

CMS-1500

form that private-practice clinics should use when filing a claim with an insurance company. Originally developed by the Health Care Financing Administaration (now known as Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services)for Medicare claims.

Accreditation

formal recognition provided to an organization or one of its programs indicating that it meets certain prescribed quality standards

informational role

functions that require the manager to collect, use, and disseminate information

goals

general statements of program intent

forbidden knowledge

information about a situation that an athletic trainer is forbidden to act on

health care initiatives (wellness programs)

initiatives or programs or both aimed at improving the quality of life for employees

disqualifying conditions

injuries, illnesses, or other medical conditions that pose an undue risk to athletes, their teammates, or their competitors

disability insurance

insurance designed to protect an athlete against future loss of earnings because of a disabling injury or sickness

testimony

legally binding statements offered as evidence to the facts in a legal proceeding

nonmedical correspondence

letters and memoranda not assocaited with a specific patient's health status

malpractice

liability-generating conduct associated with the adverse outcome of patient treatment

Point of Service Plan (POS)

managed care plans that are similar to PPOs, except that PCPs are assigned to patients to coordinate their care

dependent care initiatives

measures meant to provide employees the ability to manage their family responsibilites

Request for Proposal (RFP)

notice from internal and external funding sources announcing the details of a grant program

cultural competence

one's ability to successfully incorporate a set of behaviors that demonstrate appropriate behavior when interacting with diverse cultures

internal influencers

organization decision makers

adversaries

people who are unsupportive of both a program and a particular plan related to the program

Allies

people who exhibit a high level of support for a plan

bedfellows

people who exhibit support for a particular plan, but who have a history of untrustworthy behavior and vacillation

opponents

people who support a particular program but dispute the implementaion of aplan related to that program

propriety standards

performance evaluation standards intended to help ensure that a process is legal and fair

Accuracy standards

performance evaluation standards intended to improve the validity and reliability of the employee appraisal process

business plan

plan used by commercial loan officers to assess the viability of a business. Includes a written description of the activities the business will engage in, a market analysis, historical and projected financial statements, and other associated information

drug dispensing

preparing and packaging medication for subsequent use by a patient

Drug administration

provision of a single dose of medication to a patient by order of a physician

criteria

quantifiable measures used to determine whether a particular objective has been accomplished

diagnostic

referring to a specific medical finding for the purposes of identification

elective

referring to a surgical procedure that is not required but that one chooses to undergo

laws

rules and regulations governing the affairs of a community or a society

manipulate

shrewdly or deviously influence or control another person or a situation. When the influence or control is motivated by self-interest, it can be exploitative

Federal Anti-Kickback Statute

similar to Stark Law, prevents athletic trainers from self-referring to entities with whom they or their family have a financial relationship

conflict of interest

situation in which the interests of one individual or group are discordant or in competition with those of another individual group

exclusions

situations or circumstances specifically not covered by an insurance policy

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

sometimes referred to as the Buckley Amendment. A 1974 federal law requiring student authorization to release educational records to a third party and ensuring access for students to their records

SWOT analysis

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats

clinical practice guidelines (CPGs)

systematic algorithm-like procedures that are universally followed in an effort to provide standardized clinical care and interventions

dictation

the act of orally recording the details of a health care assessment or treatment for later transcription

Preferred Qualifications

the additional skills and experiences possessed by a candidate beyond meeting all minimum qualifications

appropriate medical coverage

the appropriate number of staff that is likely needed to perform all of the necessary athletic training-related functions

Transformational Leadership

the aspect of leadership that uses both change and conflict to elevate the standards of the social system

authority

the aspect of power, granted ot either groups or individuals, that legitimizes the right of the group or individual to make decisions on behalf of others

conduct

the behavior of an athletic trainer in ethical and legal terms

usual, customary, and reasonable (UCR)

the charge consistent with what other medical vendors would assess

general contractor

the company responsible for coordinating the construction of a building

Actual Cause

the degree to which a health care practitioner's actions are associated with the adverse outcomes of a patient's care

Abandonment

the desertion of a patient by the health care provider without the consent of the patient

management

the element of leadership that involves planning, decision making, and coordination of the activities of a group

validity (in staff selection)

the employment of criteria that predict how well a candidate will perform in a role

minimal qualifications

the essential skills and experiences required to perform a specific job

plumbing fixtures

the external hardware used to control the flow and temperature of water

90th percentile fee

the fee below which 90% of all other medical vendors in a particular geographic area charge for a specific service

first reading

the first time a bill is introduced or "read" in the legislature' may include just a reading of the bill number and title or may also include an overview of the bill's intent

Hippocratic Oath

the foundation for ethical practice for physicians

construction documents

the highly detailed technical drawings that a contractor uses to determine building costs and guide construction

premium

the invoiced cost of an insurance policy

subpoena

the legal authority used to compel a person to provide testimony

standard of care

the legal duty to provide health care services consistent with what other health care practitioners of the same training, education, and credentialing would provide under the circumstances

damage

the legal harm found associated with negligence, commonly in the form of any one or more of the following: physical injury, monetary loss, and emotional distress

joint commission

the oldest and largest health care standards organization in the country. The Joint Commission accredits ambulatory health care facilities

Board of Certification (BOC)

the organization that creates and delivers the national certification exam for athletic trainers; manages continuing education for athletic trainers

Bidding Documents

the package of materials prepared by the architect and sent to contractors, including the invitation to bid, the bid form, and special bidding instructions

Primary Care Provider (PCP)

the physician, selected by an HMO member, who acts as the first source of medical service for the patient. Most HMOs require members seek a referral from the PCP before seeking care from another medical vendor

decisional role

the portion of a manager's work that requires her to use authority to make decisions

endowment

the portion of an institution's assets in cash and investments not normally used for operational purposes

power

the potential to influence others

personal power

the potential to influence others by virtue of personal characteristics and personality attributes

Counterpower

the potential to influence the behavior of a superior

position power

the power vested in people by virtue of the roles they play in an organization

staff selection

the procedures used as the basis for any employment decision, including recruitment, hiring, promotion, demotion, retention, and performance evaluation

third party reimbursement

the process by which medical vendors receive reimbursement from insurance companies for services provided to policyholders

numeric analysis

the process of determining a staff member's workload by calculating and comparing the amount of time a person spends on certain tasks with the outputs that eesult from those tasks

performance evaluation

the process of placing a value on the quality of an employee's work

whistle-blowing

the reporting of others who are perceived to have violated a set of rules by an individual believed to be doing the right thing

ethics

the rules, standards, and principles that dictate right conduct among members of a society or profession. Ethics are based on moral values

ergonomics

the scientific study of human work or the "scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance"

Culture

the shared values, beliefs, traditions, customs, and values of a particular group

Transactional Leadership

the simple exchange between leaders and followers of one thing for another

health care units (HCUs)

the unit make-up of a formula arbitrarily based on an academic teaching model, used to identify appropriate staffing of athletic trainers, stating that 12 HCUs should equate to one full-time AT position

relative value

the value of the overall cost of providing a service

organizational culture

the values, belifs, assumptions, and norms that form the infrastructure of the organizational ethos

experimental treatments

therapies not proved effective

leave of absence

time allowed away from work for an employee

Benchmarking

to associate a recognized comparison of one's own program to the best in the industry

exploitation

using another person for selfish purposes, particularly when it comes at the expense of that person or without the person's knowledge or full informed consent

WOTS UP analysis

weaknesses, opportunities, threats & strengths underlying planning

Breach of Duty

when an athletic trainer does not exercise the standard of care that other reasonably prudent athletic trainers would have exercised under the circumstances

nonfeasance

when an individual does not perform an act that he or she should, such as not performing CPR when indicated

misfeasance

when an individual improperly performs a legal act (ex: spineboarding) incorrectly

malfeasance

when an individual performs an improper act, such as something that in not within that individual's scope of practice

standards of practice

widely accepted principles intended to guide the professional activities of a health care practitioner