Manufacturing Exam 1 Chapter 1-8
what is the maximum load a material can withstand before necking
Ultimate tensile strength/maximum tensile strength
The term for a metal that changes its crystal structure at different temperatures is which one of the following: a. allotropic b. ambivalent c. anisotropic d. autogenous e. isotropic
a. allotropic
Which one of the following materials has the highest hardness? a. alumina ceramic b. gray cast iron c. hardened tool steel d. high carbon steel e. polystyrene
a. alumina ceramic
during a compression test, the test specimen experiences a shape change called which one of the following? a. barreling b. Holloman-Ludwig effect c. necking d. strain hardening
a. barreling
which 3 of the following industries are classified as secondary industries? a. beverages b. financial services c. fishing d. power utilities e. publishing f. transportation
a. beverages d. power utilities e. publishing
In general, ceramics are characterized by which 4 of the following properties? a. brittleness b. chemical inertness c. electrically insulating d. high electrical conductivity e. high hardness f. high thermal conductivity g. low density h. all listed
a. brittleness b. chemical inertness c. electrically insulating e. high hardness
smaller grain size in a metal has which of the following effects on the strength of the metal? a. decreases strength b. increases strength c. no effect on strength
b. increases strength
relative to its tensile strength, the shear strength of a metal us usually? a. greater b. lower
b. lower
which one of the following describes the formation of new strain-free grains in a metal that has been heated to an elevated temperature? a. hot hardness b. recrystallization c. strain hardening d. strain softening
b. recrystallization
which one of the following polymers can be subjected to multiple heating and cooling cycles without substantially altering its molecular structure? a. elastomers b. thermoplastic polymers c. thermosetting polymers
b. thermoplastic polymers
this is a structure in which the atoms are located at regular and recurring positions in three dimensions, and the pattern may be replicated millions of times within a given crystal
crystalline
The degree to which all points on a surface of a revolution such as a cylinder are equidistant from the axis of revolution is called
cylindricity
this is the term used when a material is loaded or stressed and returns to it's original shape after the load is removed
elastic deformation
This is the temperature at which a material transforms from a solid to a liquid
melting point
This family of metals does not contain iron as a main alloy element
non-ferrous metals
as a metal cools from a liquid, grains form. the rate at which these form is the...
nucleation rate
The last 2 digits in the AISI/SAE code system for 2317 nickel steel designate what
the % of carbon
what is the point between the elastic region and the plastic region?
the yield strength of a material
The capacity of a material to transfer heat energy through itself by thermal movement only (no mass transfer) is called
thermal conductivity
These are products purchased by companies to produce products or produce services
Capital goods
What are the 3 major categories of engineering materials
Metals, polymers, and ceramics
Constitutes the service sector of the economy
Tertiary industries
True or false: Most hardness tests involve pressing a hard object into the surface of a test specimen and measuring the resulting indentation or its effect?
True
Ture or false: Hot working involves metal forming processes carried out above the recrystallization temperature?
True
Which of the following are the three basic types of static stress to which a material can be subjected? a. compression b. hardness c. reduction in area d. shear e. tensile f. true stress g. yield
a. compression d. shear e. tensile
Engineering stress in the plastic region will be greater in which of the following tests? a. compression test b. tensile test c. torsion test
a. compression test
Which of the following types of stress-strain relationship best describes the behavior of metals at temperatures above their respective recrystallization points? a. elastic and perfectly plastic b. elastic and strain hardening c. perfectly elastic d. none of the above
a. elastic and perfectly plastic
What are the three types of static stresses to which materials are subjected? a. Tensile b. Torsion c. Compressive d. Shear e. Impact f. Bending
a. tensile c. compressive d. shear
a metal composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is metallic
an alloy
The basic structural unit of matter is?
atoms
Ferrous metals include which 2 of the following? a. aluminum b. cast iron c. copper d. nickel e. gold f. steel
b. cast iron f. steel
which one of the following engineering materials is defined as a compound containing metallic (or semi-metallic) and nonmetallic elements? a. alloy b. ceramic c. composite d. metal e. polymer
b. ceramic
The bending test is also known by which of the following names? a. cleavage test b. flexure test c. torsion test d. transverse rupture test
b. flexure test
which 2 of the following materials are characterized by noncrystalline structures? a. diamond b. glass c. most ceramics other than glass d. rubber e. solid metals
b. glass d. rubber
Which one of the following would be associated with a secondary industry? a. repair and maintenance b. heavy machinery c. livestock d. all of the above e. none of the above
b. heavy machinery
If engineering stress and true stress were measured simultaneously during a tensile test, which would have the higher value? a. engineering stress b. true stress
b. true stress
Which one of the following materials is closest to diamond in hardness? a. aluminum oxide b. carbon dioxide c. cubic boron nitride d. silicon dioxide e. tungsten carbide
c. cubic boron nitride (CBN)
In general, polymers are characterized by which three of the following properties? a. brittleness b. chemical inertness c. electrically insulating d. high electrical conductivity e. high hardness f. high thermal conductivity g. low density h. low thermal conductivity
c. electrically insulating g. low density h. low thermal conductivity
Which 3 of the following are physical properties of most ceramics? a. greater density than most metals b. greater thermal expansion coefficient than most metals c. higher melting temperature than most metals d. lower density than most metals e. lower melting temperature than most metals f. lower thermal expansion coefficient than most metals
c. higher melting temperature than most metals d. lower density than most metals f. lower thermal expansion coefficient than most metals
Which one of the following would be associated with a primary industry? a. repair and maintenance b. heavy machinery c. livestock d. all of the above e. none of the above
c. livestock
which one of the following best defines hardness? a. energy absorbed by a material when an object strikes its surface b. resistance to bending c. resistance to permanent indentation d. resistance to scratching
c. resistance to permanent indentation
the measurement of the change in length per degree of temperature of a material is called
coefficient of thermal expansion
ceramics generally can withstand what forces better than polymers and metals
compressive
The degree to which and 2 or more part features such as a cylindrical surface and a circular hole have a common axis is called
concentricity
products purchased directly by consumers, such as cars, smart phones, TV's, tires, and tennis rackets are called
consumer goods
The modulus of elasticity is also known as which one of the following? a. elastic limit b. strain hardening exponent c. strength coefficient d. Young's modulus
d. Young's Modulus
In general, metals are characterized by which three of the following properties? a. brittleness b. chemical inertness c. electrically insulating d. high electrical conductivity e. high hardness f. high thermal conductivity g. low density h. low thermal conductivity
d. high electrical conductivity e. high hardness f. high thermal conductivity
Among the mechanisms of deformation in metallic crystals, slip can be described as which two of the following? a. elastic deformation b. more likely at high deformation rates c. more likely in metals with HCP structure d. plastic deformation e. relative movement of atoms on opposite sides of a plane in the lattice f. type of dislocation
d. plastic deformation e. relative movement of atoms on opposite sides of a plane in the lattice
Grain boundaries in metals interfere with dislocation movement, which contributes to which one of the following properties that are characteristic of metals? a. crystal structure b. ductility c. electrical conductivity d. strain hardening e. thermal conductivity
d. strain hardening
glass products are based primarily on which one of the following materials? a. alumina b. corundum c. feldspar d. kaolinite e. silica
e. silica
grain boundaries are an example of which one of the following types of crystal structure defects? a. dislocation b. Frenkel defect c. line defects d. point defects e. surface defects
e. surface defects
The shear strength of a metal is commonly determined in which one of the following tests? a. bending test b. compression test c. flexure test d. tensile test e. torsion test
e. torsion test
This is the material's capacity to conduct the flow of electric current
electrical conductivity
A material's capacity to resist the flow of electric current is called
electrical resistivity
True or False: A block of metal may contain millions of individual crystals, called grains, whose lattice structures are all oriented in the same direction.
false
True or false: Faster cooling promotes larger grain size, whereas slower cooling promotes smaller grain size
false
True or false: viscosity can be defined as the ease with which a fluid flows?
false
This is the most common reason for failure of mechanical components
fatigue failure
these metals contain iron as the principle alloy
ferrous metals
give one reason a polymer material may be specified over another material for a design application
higher density, good thermal insulators, good electrical insulators, lightweight, inexpensive, etc.
are ceramics inorganic or organic materials
inorganic
steels contain carbon as the principal alloying element, with only small amounts of other elements
plain carbon steels
this is the term when a material is stressed which causes the material to change shape and when the stress is removed, the material does not return to its original shape. A permanent change in shape has occurred
plastic deformation
Elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosets are all what kind of material?
polymers
These industries cultivate and exploit natural resources, such as agriculture and mining
primary industries
Which one of the following would be associated with a tertiary industry? a. repair and maintenance b. heavy machinery c. livestock d. all of the above e. none of the above
repair and maintenance
what industries take the outputs of the primary industries and convert them into consumer and capital goods
secondary industries
Tertiary industries make up what sector of the economy
service sector
the hardness of a metal has a strong correlation to this
tensile strength
This category of polymers can be reheated and reshaped many times without significant degradation
thermoplastics
at elevated temperatures this polymer material produces a chemical reaction that hardens the material into an infusible solid
thermosetting
non-graduated measuring devices possess no such scale and are used to make comparisons between dimensions or to transfer a dimension for measurement by a graduated device is called
transfer gages
True or false: A crystalline structure is one in which the atoms are located at regular and recurring positions in three dimensions, and the pattern may be replicated millions of times within a given crystal.
true
True or false: In a crystalline structure, the unit cell is the basic geometric grouping of atoms that is repeated throughout the crystal.
true
Another term for strain hardening is
work hardening