Manufacturing Exam 1 Chapter 1-8

what is the maximum load a material can withstand before necking

Ultimate tensile strength/maximum tensile strength

The term for a metal that changes its crystal structure at different temperatures is which one of the following: a. allotropic b. ambivalent c. anisotropic d. autogenous e. isotropic

a. allotropic

Which one of the following materials has the highest hardness? a. alumina ceramic b. gray cast iron c. hardened tool steel d. high carbon steel e. polystyrene

a. alumina ceramic

during a compression test, the test specimen experiences a shape change called which one of the following? a. barreling b. Holloman-Ludwig effect c. necking d. strain hardening

a. barreling

which 3 of the following industries are classified as secondary industries? a. beverages b. financial services c. fishing d. power utilities e. publishing f. transportation

a. beverages d. power utilities e. publishing

In general, ceramics are characterized by which 4 of the following properties? a. brittleness b. chemical inertness c. electrically insulating d. high electrical conductivity e. high hardness f. high thermal conductivity g. low density h. all listed

a. brittleness b. chemical inertness c. electrically insulating e. high hardness

smaller grain size in a metal has which of the following effects on the strength of the metal? a. decreases strength b. increases strength c. no effect on strength

b. increases strength

relative to its tensile strength, the shear strength of a metal us usually? a. greater b. lower

b. lower

which one of the following describes the formation of new strain-free grains in a metal that has been heated to an elevated temperature? a. hot hardness b. recrystallization c. strain hardening d. strain softening

b. recrystallization

which one of the following polymers can be subjected to multiple heating and cooling cycles without substantially altering its molecular structure? a. elastomers b. thermoplastic polymers c. thermosetting polymers

b. thermoplastic polymers

this is a structure in which the atoms are located at regular and recurring positions in three dimensions, and the pattern may be replicated millions of times within a given crystal

crystalline

The degree to which all points on a surface of a revolution such as a cylinder are equidistant from the axis of revolution is called

cylindricity

this is the term used when a material is loaded or stressed and returns to it's original shape after the load is removed

elastic deformation

This is the temperature at which a material transforms from a solid to a liquid

melting point

This family of metals does not contain iron as a main alloy element

non-ferrous metals

as a metal cools from a liquid, grains form. the rate at which these form is the...

nucleation rate

The last 2 digits in the AISI/SAE code system for 2317 nickel steel designate what

the % of carbon

what is the point between the elastic region and the plastic region?

the yield strength of a material

The capacity of a material to transfer heat energy through itself by thermal movement only (no mass transfer) is called

thermal conductivity

These are products purchased by companies to produce products or produce services

Capital goods

What are the 3 major categories of engineering materials

Metals, polymers, and ceramics

Constitutes the service sector of the economy

Tertiary industries

True or false: Most hardness tests involve pressing a hard object into the surface of a test specimen and measuring the resulting indentation or its effect?

True

Ture or false: Hot working involves metal forming processes carried out above the recrystallization temperature?

True

Which of the following are the three basic types of static stress to which a material can be subjected? a. compression b. hardness c. reduction in area d. shear e. tensile f. true stress g. yield

a. compression d. shear e. tensile

Engineering stress in the plastic region will be greater in which of the following tests? a. compression test b. tensile test c. torsion test

a. compression test

Which of the following types of stress-strain relationship best describes the behavior of metals at temperatures above their respective recrystallization points? a. elastic and perfectly plastic b. elastic and strain hardening c. perfectly elastic d. none of the above

a. elastic and perfectly plastic

What are the three types of static stresses to which materials are subjected? a. Tensile b. Torsion c. Compressive d. Shear e. Impact f. Bending

a. tensile c. compressive d. shear

a metal composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is metallic

an alloy

The basic structural unit of matter is?

atoms

Ferrous metals include which 2 of the following? a. aluminum b. cast iron c. copper d. nickel e. gold f. steel

b. cast iron f. steel

which one of the following engineering materials is defined as a compound containing metallic (or semi-metallic) and nonmetallic elements? a. alloy b. ceramic c. composite d. metal e. polymer

b. ceramic

The bending test is also known by which of the following names? a. cleavage test b. flexure test c. torsion test d. transverse rupture test

b. flexure test

which 2 of the following materials are characterized by noncrystalline structures? a. diamond b. glass c. most ceramics other than glass d. rubber e. solid metals

b. glass d. rubber

Which one of the following would be associated with a secondary industry? a. repair and maintenance b. heavy machinery c. livestock d. all of the above e. none of the above

b. heavy machinery

If engineering stress and true stress were measured simultaneously during a tensile test, which would have the higher value? a. engineering stress b. true stress

b. true stress

Which one of the following materials is closest to diamond in hardness? a. aluminum oxide b. carbon dioxide c. cubic boron nitride d. silicon dioxide e. tungsten carbide

c. cubic boron nitride (CBN)

In general, polymers are characterized by which three of the following properties? a. brittleness b. chemical inertness c. electrically insulating d. high electrical conductivity e. high hardness f. high thermal conductivity g. low density h. low thermal conductivity

c. electrically insulating g. low density h. low thermal conductivity

Which 3 of the following are physical properties of most ceramics? a. greater density than most metals b. greater thermal expansion coefficient than most metals c. higher melting temperature than most metals d. lower density than most metals e. lower melting temperature than most metals f. lower thermal expansion coefficient than most metals

c. higher melting temperature than most metals d. lower density than most metals f. lower thermal expansion coefficient than most metals

Which one of the following would be associated with a primary industry? a. repair and maintenance b. heavy machinery c. livestock d. all of the above e. none of the above

c. livestock

which one of the following best defines hardness? a. energy absorbed by a material when an object strikes its surface b. resistance to bending c. resistance to permanent indentation d. resistance to scratching

c. resistance to permanent indentation

the measurement of the change in length per degree of temperature of a material is called

coefficient of thermal expansion

ceramics generally can withstand what forces better than polymers and metals

compressive

The degree to which and 2 or more part features such as a cylindrical surface and a circular hole have a common axis is called

concentricity

products purchased directly by consumers, such as cars, smart phones, TV's, tires, and tennis rackets are called

consumer goods

The modulus of elasticity is also known as which one of the following? a. elastic limit b. strain hardening exponent c. strength coefficient d. Young's modulus

d. Young's Modulus

In general, metals are characterized by which three of the following properties? a. brittleness b. chemical inertness c. electrically insulating d. high electrical conductivity e. high hardness f. high thermal conductivity g. low density h. low thermal conductivity

d. high electrical conductivity e. high hardness f. high thermal conductivity

Among the mechanisms of deformation in metallic crystals, slip can be described as which two of the following? a. elastic deformation b. more likely at high deformation rates c. more likely in metals with HCP structure d. plastic deformation e. relative movement of atoms on opposite sides of a plane in the lattice f. type of dislocation

d. plastic deformation e. relative movement of atoms on opposite sides of a plane in the lattice

Grain boundaries in metals interfere with dislocation movement, which contributes to which one of the following properties that are characteristic of metals? a. crystal structure b. ductility c. electrical conductivity d. strain hardening e. thermal conductivity

d. strain hardening

glass products are based primarily on which one of the following materials? a. alumina b. corundum c. feldspar d. kaolinite e. silica

e. silica

grain boundaries are an example of which one of the following types of crystal structure defects? a. dislocation b. Frenkel defect c. line defects d. point defects e. surface defects

e. surface defects

The shear strength of a metal is commonly determined in which one of the following tests? a. bending test b. compression test c. flexure test d. tensile test e. torsion test

e. torsion test

This is the material's capacity to conduct the flow of electric current

electrical conductivity

A material's capacity to resist the flow of electric current is called

electrical resistivity

True or False: A block of metal may contain millions of individual crystals, called grains, whose lattice structures are all oriented in the same direction.

false

True or false: Faster cooling promotes larger grain size, whereas slower cooling promotes smaller grain size

false

True or false: viscosity can be defined as the ease with which a fluid flows?

false

This is the most common reason for failure of mechanical components

fatigue failure

these metals contain iron as the principle alloy

ferrous metals

give one reason a polymer material may be specified over another material for a design application

higher density, good thermal insulators, good electrical insulators, lightweight, inexpensive, etc.

are ceramics inorganic or organic materials

inorganic

steels contain carbon as the principal alloying element, with only small amounts of other elements

plain carbon steels

this is the term when a material is stressed which causes the material to change shape and when the stress is removed, the material does not return to its original shape. A permanent change in shape has occurred

plastic deformation

Elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosets are all what kind of material?

polymers

These industries cultivate and exploit natural resources, such as agriculture and mining

primary industries

Which one of the following would be associated with a tertiary industry? a. repair and maintenance b. heavy machinery c. livestock d. all of the above e. none of the above

repair and maintenance

what industries take the outputs of the primary industries and convert them into consumer and capital goods

secondary industries

Tertiary industries make up what sector of the economy

service sector

the hardness of a metal has a strong correlation to this

tensile strength

This category of polymers can be reheated and reshaped many times without significant degradation

thermoplastics

at elevated temperatures this polymer material produces a chemical reaction that hardens the material into an infusible solid

thermosetting

non-graduated measuring devices possess no such scale and are used to make comparisons between dimensions or to transfer a dimension for measurement by a graduated device is called

transfer gages

True or false: A crystalline structure is one in which the atoms are located at regular and recurring positions in three dimensions, and the pattern may be replicated millions of times within a given crystal.

true

True or false: In a crystalline structure, the unit cell is the basic geometric grouping of atoms that is repeated throughout the crystal.

true

Another term for strain hardening is

work hardening