Marketing Chapter 11

What is the most protectable brand type as determined by a series of court decisions? arbitrary fanciful descriptive suggestive generic

fanciful

Brand equity is best defined as the concept that all brands are equal and there is no real difference between competing brands. the degree to which a customer prefers one brand over competing offerings. the willingness of a customer to view a substitute brand as equal to his or her preferred brand. the marketing and financial value associated with a brand's strength in a market. a customer's favorable attitude toward a specific brand.

the marketing and financial value associated with a brand's strength in a market.

Which of the following aspects of a product's packaging is most likely to lead to a reseller refusing to carry a product? The product is cumbersome or requires too much shelf space. The colors used on the package are not bright enough to attract customer attention. The packaging is not environmentally friendly. The package does not have a secondary use. The packaging does not conform to the product line's family packaging.

the product is cumberstone or requires too much shelf space

Which of the following pieces of information included on a label is not regulated in the United States? a garment's fabric content the phrase "Made in USA" the word "Natural" number of food servings per container name of clothing manufacturer

the word natural

When Costco offers free samples of various food items at tables throughout the store, the store is trying to stimulate which stage of the product adoption process? trial adoption evaluation interest awareness

trial

Sales peak in a product's maturity stage. True False

true

The depth of a product mix is measured by the average number of product types in a product line. True False

true

Bert receives a phone call from a representative from a local funeral home. The sales representative let him know that he could prepurchase funeral services, which would save his family members time and money when planning his funeral. Bert did not know such a service even existed. The prepurchase of funeral services is considered a(n) _____ product. shopping business unsought convenience specialty

unsought

Megan receives a phone call from her insurance agent. The agent informs her that although she has homeowner's insurance and car insurance, she really should consider purchasing a life insurance policy. The life insurance policy is an example of a(n) _____ product. unsought business specialty convenience shopping

unsought

To make intangible products more tangible or real to the consumer, marketers often __________. use multiple channels of distribution offer more support services with such products use external reference prices use symbols or cues to help symbolize product benefits use low prices on intangible goods

use symbols or cues to help symbolize product benefits

Ava, a purchasing agent for Trailsend Transport, is currently buying carpet from CarpetOne Inc. for use in an office area at Trailsend. While she is discussing the details of this carpet, the representative from CarpetOne tells her that she can see the actual product in one of their retail stores before finalizing the purchase. While in the retail store at CarpetOne, Ava not only approves the purchase for the office, but also decides she would like to purchase some of the same carpet for her home. The first carpet purchase is considered a ____ and the second carpet purchase is considered to be a ______. business product; consumer product consumer product; business product consumer product; consumer product business product; business product personal purchase; business purchase

business product; consumer product

Don, a purchasing agent for a university, is currently buying laptop computers from ComputerZone for use in a new computer lab at the university. While discussing the purchase with the representative from ComputerZone, Don not only approves the purchase for the computer lab, but also decides he would like to purchase additional laptops so that the university can sell them to students. The first laptop purchase is considered a ______, and the additional laptop purchase is considered to be a _____. consumer purchase; consumer purchase personal purchase; consumer purchase business purchase; consumer purchase business purchase; business purchase consumer purchase; business purchase

business purchase; business purchase

Jars of Peter Pan, Skippy, and Jif peanut butter could be considered category-consistent packages because the lids of the jars are in different colors the jars of the three brands have unique designs that make them distinctive the jars of all brands are similar and follow a traditional shape for peanut butter jars the peanut butter in the jars are similar across all three brands the jars can be used for other purposes once they are empty

the jars of all brands are similar and follow a traditional shape for peanut butter jars

The major characteristic of a private brand is that they provide lower gross margins for the retailers and wholesalers that sell them they are exclusively owned and initiated by wholesalers the manufacturer is not identified on the product the producer promotes the product there are no identifying terms on the product or packaging

the manufacturer is not identified on the product

An individual is motivated to learn about a product's features, uses, advantages, disadvantages, price, and/or location. In what stage of the product adoption process is that person? trial adoption evaluation interest awareness

Interest

An accountant buys a supply of pencils to be used in calculating the taxes of other business firms. Based on this information, pencils in this case would be considered what type of product? MRO supplies business services component parts raw materials accessory equipment

MRO supplies

_____ is an example of a trade name and _____ is a brand mark owned by that company. Nike, Inc.; "Swoosh" Kleenex; tissues Ford Motor Company; Escape Chevy; Silverado The McDonald's Corporation; Big Mac

Nike; Swoosh

As Lisa eats her morning bowl of Golden Grahams cereal, she reads about the calories, fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins she is ingesting. This information is required by the ___________. Nutritional Content Disclosure Act Federal Trade Commission Fair Packaging and Labeling Act Food and Drug Administration Nutrition Labeling Act

Nutrition Labeling Act

Many brand names have become so common that they are now generic terms for a particular product category. Which of the following is the best example of this? Q-tips American Express Pantene Samsung Oscar Mayer

Q-tips

Which of the following is an example of a private distributor brand? Unilever's Dove body wash Hormel Foods' Skippy peanut butter Procter & Gamble's Gillette razors Target's Archer Farms coffee Kellogg's Froot Loops cereal

Target;s Archer Farms Coffee

Which of the following best describes someone who is a member of the late majority in terms of the major adopter categories? They choose new products carefully and are viewed as "in-the-know" by other adopter categories. They are deliberate and cautious in trying new products. They are skeptical of new products, but eventually adopt them because of economic necessity or social pressure. They are oriented toward the past and are the last to adopt a new product. They enjoy new products and are willing to take a risk.

They are skeptical of new products, but eventually adopt them because of economic necessity or social pressure.

You are the assistant manager for consumer product adoption strategies. Your job requires you to manage the third stage of the five-stage product adoption process. Which one of the following statements is true in regards to your job focus? You should focus on providing information about your product. You should focus on encouraging buyers to just try your product. You should focus on making sure buyers clearly understand your product's benefits. You should focus on encouraging the current buyers of your product to become repeat buyers. You should focus on making sure buyers are aware of your product's existence.

You should focus on making sure buyers clearly understand your product's benefits.

When Microsoft, the company that produces the Windows operating system, introduced its Windows Phone smartphones, this was called _____. co-branding a trademark brand licensing individual branding a brand extension

a brand extension

A chair can be all of the following, except a business product if it is used in the waiting room of a doctor's office a business product if it is used by a restaurant for people to sit in while dining a consumer product if it is purchased by a wholesaler to resell to a retailer a business product if it is used by an executive at a desk in the company office a consumer product if it is used by a family at home

a consumer product if purchased by a wholesaler to resell to a retailer

Each of the following factors should be considered by marketers when selecting a brand name except that a brand name should be easy for customers to say, spell, and recall be easy to include in a commercial jingle be distinctive from competing brands be designed to be used and recognized in all types of media indicate in some way the product's major benefits

be easy to include in a commercial jingle

An individual moves into the adoption stage of the product adoption process at the point when he or she ____________. experiences the product for the first time becomes aware that the product exists seriously considers whether the product will satisfy his or her needs begins using that specific product is self-motivated to get information about the product

begins using that specific product

Elmo, Big Bird, and other Sesame Street characters appearing on lunch boxes, blankets, and toys made by other companies is an example of cooperative branding brand licensing family branding brand extensions co-branding

brand licensing

If Taco Bell made an agreement allowing another company to use its brand name on a new line of tortillas, tortilla chips, and salsas, this would be called private branding individual branding brand licensing brand extensions co-branding

brand licensing

Henry is in the market to purchase a new laptop computer. In the past, he has owned an Apple MacBook and was satisfied with the product. As he starts researching which laptop to buy, he is able to make a quick decision on a new laptop. Because of his previous satisfaction with the MacBook, he decides to buy a new MacBook. For Henry, he is experiencing the benefits of _____. brand equity brand recognition brand loyalty brand mark family branding

brand loyalty

The element of the brand that is not made up of words and often includes a symbol or design is known as the trademark trade name brand name brand mark brand

brand mark

Tide Free and Gentle is a _____ of laundry detergent made by Procter & Gamble. trademark trade name brand name brand identification brand mark

brand name

In the United States, toothpaste is sold in tubes and ketchup is sold in plastic bottles. However, in other parts of the world, ketchup and tomato paste are also sold in tubes. If Heinz were to introduce ketchup in tubes in the United States, consumers might have a more difficult time recognizing the ketchup product due to the change in the _____. multiple-category packaging selective packaging innovative packaging category-specific packaging category-consistent packaging

category-consistent packaging

Taco Bell has a line of tacos called Doritos Locos Tacos. This is an example of _____. co-branding manufacturer branding individual branding family branding a brand extension

co-branding

In the process of manufacturing its vehicles, Ford needs to purchase tires from tire manufacturers such as Goodyear. These tires are best described as process materials MRO supplies installations accessory equipment component parts

component parts

Which of the following is needed for co-branding to be effective? Two or more brands owned by different companies. Customers with brand insistence toward both brands. Two or more brands owned by the same company. Consumer trust and confidence in the brands involved. An agreement on the licensing fees to be paid.

consimer trust and confidence in the brands involved

Packaging is most important, as a strategic tool, for _________________. consumer specialty products services industrial products consumer shopping products consumer convenience products

consumer convenience products

Which of the following does not apply to shopping products? Shopping products are expected to last a fairly long time and are typically more expensive than convenience products. Smartphones, tablets, and laptop computers are examples of shopping products. Marketing channel members expect to receive higher gross margins to compensate for lower turnover. Consumers are typically unaware of the product until they see it online or in a store. Consumers are willing to expend considerable effort in planning and making the purchase.

consumers are typically unaware of the product until they see it online or in a store

Lindsay stops by the Safeway grocery, her preferred store, on the way home from work. She picks up her usual brand of laundry detergent and orange juice, but she sees that there are no more free-range eggs available. Lindsay is very concerned about the ethical treatment of animals and so she leaves Safeway and goes to another grocery to purchase the free-range eggs. Lindsay's purchase of the laundry detergent and orange juice would most likely be classified as _____ products. Her purchase of the eggs would most likely be classified as ______ products. shopping; specialty shopping; shopping convenience; specialty convenience; shopping convenience; brand loyal

convenience; shopping

During which stage of the product life cycle do sales decrease because the product has possibly lost its distinctiveness due to the introduction of either similar or superior products? maturity decline expansion growth introduction

decline

Old Spice recognized that it needed to revitalize its brand and attract new segments for its deodorant, leading to a new advertising campaign. This is an indication that Old Spice's products were primarily in the _____ stage of the product life cycle. recession decline introduction growth maturity

decline

The stage of the product life cycle when marketers consider a significant reduction of promotional efforts and the elimination of outlets or marketing channels that are not contributing adequately to profits is the _____ stage. reevaluation maturity introduction decline growth

decline

Pete, a product manager, thinks that his company's WonderBurn exercise program has reached the maturity stage of the product life cycle. If so, profits for the program are ______ and the amount of competition in the market is ______. increasing; minimal negative; minimal increasing; intense decreasing; minimal decreasing; intense

decreasing; intense

Packaging can provide all of the following functions, except determine the price to be charged for the product promote a product by communicating its features, uses, benefits, and image deter shoplifting and prevent product tampering offer convenience to customers protecting the product and maintaining its functional form

determine the price to be charged for the the product

Which of the following is not one of the main uses of labeling? fulfill legal requirements aid in promotion encourage multiple purchases provide information identification

encourage multiple purchases

Consistency among package designs is essential for an organization's product mix. True False

false

During a product's maturity stage, all sales promotion efforts are focused on consumers. True False

false

In the awareness stage of the product adoption process, the buyer seeks information about the product. True False

false

Registration of a brand with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office provides a firm with worldwide rights to use that brand for a specified time period. True False

false

The words "Grade A Eggs" on an egg carton fulfill a legal requirement of labeling. True False

false

Unfinished furniture is considered to be a convenience product because it is relatively inexpensive. True False

false

Skinnygirl sells Skinnygirl cocktails, Skinnygirl salad dressing, Skinnygirl Bella Blenders, Skinnygirl Sparklers sparkling water, and Skinnygirl Daily Nutrition Bars. This is an example of single branding brand licensing individual branding family branding shared naming

family branding

All Healthy Choice products come in green boxes with the same Healthy Choice logo. This is an example of the use of ______________. family branding group labeling multiple packaging family packaging category-consistent packaging

family packaging

All cans of Campbell's soup feature a red and white label as a major element of their design. This is an example of package extension selective packaging overall packaging family packaging family branding

family packaging

PepsiCo sometimes uses the same brand name for multiple products. For example, the brand name Quaker is used for Quaker Chewy Granola Bars, Quaker Instant Oatmeal, Quaker Soft Baked Cookies, Quaker Life Cereal, and Quaker Large Rice Cakes. In other categories, PepsiCo uses multiple brand names. Dole Sensation Juice Drinks, IZZE Sparkling Juice, Ocean Spray Juice, Naked Juice, SoBe Juice Drinks, and Tropicana Pure Premium Juices are all juice brands offered by PepsiCo. In this case, Quaker is an example of _____ branding, while the juice category is an example of _____ branding. brand-extension; private individual; individual family; individual manufacturer; private individual; family

family; individual

Which of the following tactics would typically be employed when a product is in the growth stage of its life cycle? expand distribution into global markets reduce spending on promotional efforts reposition a product in the marketplace increase promotional expenditures to maintain market share fill gaps in geographic market coverage

fill gaps in geographic market converage

When a chain of coffee shops adds locations during the growth stage, the objective it is most likely trying to achieve is to fill geographic gaps increase market share maintain market share generate cash flow prune items from the product line

fill geographic gaps

All of the following can be used to refer to a brand initiated and owned by a reseller, except generic brand dealer brand private brand store brand private distributor brand

generic brand

An ad that stresses "Get the real Proactiv Solution; accept no substitutes!" is best geared for which stage of the product life cycle? expansion decline stabilization growth introduction

growth

When a product's profits begin to decline, it is usually in the _____ stage of the product life cycle; however, when its sales begin to decline, it is in the _____ stage. growth; maturity maturity; decline introduction; maturity introduction; growth maturity; growth

growth; maturity

Kellogg's is considering making the size of its cereal boxes smaller. The plan would keep the amount of cereal in a box the same, but eliminate some of the air trapped inside the box. This is an example of _____ packaging. handling-improved innovative category-consistent secondary-use multiple

handling-improved

MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) is a nonprofit organization that primarily markets ______________. tangible products features goods ideas services

ideas

When a toothpaste manufacturer has a policy of naming each of its toothpaste products differently, such as Shine, Pearl, and UltraWhite, this strategy is called _____ branding. individual private distributor equity dealer family

individual

When _____ is used, each product is given a different name. co-branding manufacturer branding family branding brand mark branding individual branding

individual branding

When Heinz introduced its ketchup in a squeezable plastic container rather than the traditional glass bottle, this was an example of _____ packaging. traditional innovative multiple convenience category-consistent

innovative

Ken is someone who likes to have the latest technology. He likes being the first of his friends to have the newest gadget and is willing to take risks with his spending. He is most likely a member of the _____ group. late majority laggard early majority early adopter innovator

innovator

The strongest form of brand loyalty is brand preference extension recognition insistence equity

insistence

Sales of a new type of breakfast food have been increasing steadily, but profits have been negative. The breakfast food is most likely in the ______ stage of the product life cycle. maturity decline growth introduction primary

introduction

The distinguishing feature between a brand mark and a trademark is that a trademark is registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark office is associated with only one product identifies the full and legal name of an organization consists of a symbol or design creates customer loyalty

is registered with the USPTO

A major advantage of family branding is that the negative issues associated with an inferior product do not influence consumers' decisions to purchase the company's other products. it leads to higher gross margins for the producer. it can be a benefit when consumers have positive associations with the brand. it helps make the brand name more easily protectable through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. it may help facilitate market segmentation when a firm wants to enter many segments of the same market.

it can be a benefit when customers have positive associations with the brand

A brand experiences brand dilution when its image and symbolic impact are weakened because it has been extended too many times or too far outside its original product category a product does not contain a company name or any other identifying terms the negative images associated with an inferior product do not influence consumers' decisions to purchase a company's other products something happens to make consumers think negatively of a brand it capitalizes on the trust and confidence consumers have in the brand

its image and symbolic impact are weakened because it has been extended too many times or too far outside its original product category

Brunswick's bowling balls, bowling bags, and shoes are individual product ____ for this sporting goods manufacturer. life cycles ensembles lines mixes menus

line

Adidas sells its shoes and clothing in various retail outlets. Adidas is a _____ brand. store manufacturer private distributor dealer generic

manufacturer

Heinz changed the packaging of its ketchup, switching from a glass bottle to a plastic bottle. Since the bottle was squeezable, consumers had an easier time getting ketchup out of the bottle. This change in packaging is a strategy that can most likely help boost sales in the _____ stage of the product life cycle. expansion decline introduction growth maturity

maturity

In which stage of the product life cycle do sales reach their peak? maturity decline expansion growth introduction

maturity

The makers of Tide Detergent created "pods" of the product, characterized by a small, square, plastic-wrapped packet that was easier to use. Since it is packaged in these square pods, it requires no measuring and can be transported more easily if one is carrying clothes to a laundromat. This change in packaging is a strategy that can most likely help boost sales in the ____ stage of the product life cycle. market reduction decline introduction growth maturity

maturity

Procter & Gamble manufactures detergent, diapers, razors, toothpaste, toilet paper, and a variety of other products. These products make up Procter & Gamble's product width depth mix item line

mix

Multiple packaging is likely to increase demand because customers enjoy stocking up on products it makes the product easier to transport after purchase more consumers will buy the product more of the product is available at the point of consumption the product is easier to store

more of the product is available at the point of consumption

Sally is a designer working on redesigning a bottle used to sell bottled water. She is working to make it easier for consumers to drink from. She is working on the water's promotion co-branding licensing packaging labeling

packaging

Roger recently went to a grocery store looking to pick up a few items. When he looked for Jif peanut butter, he saw that it was not available in the store. He saw that Peter Pan peanut butter was available and bought a jar of that brand instead. Roger's behavior indicates that he most likely has what level of brand loyalty toward Jif peanut butter? insistence no brand loyalty preference resistance recognition

preference

Betty and Joan are both in the market for new exercise clothes. The favorite brand of athletic clothing for both of them is Lululemon. The closest store that sells Lululemon clothing is over an hour away. Betty decides that rather than make the drive, she will go to her local Target store and purchase some exercise clothing there. Rather than buy a different brand, Joan decides to make the drive to buy her favorite brand. Betty's brand loyalty can be described as ____, while Joan's brand loyalty can be described as _____. preference; recognition insistence; preference preference; insistence recognition; insistence recognition; preference

preference; insistence

Located on Harry's drive to work are both a Dunkin Donuts and a Starbucks. When he drives to work, Harry always stops at the Dunkin Donuts to buy a cup of coffee. Last week, he was on a business trip and could not find a Dunkin Donuts near his hotel. Since he still wanted a cup of coffee, he went to the nearby Starbucks and bought a cup there. Harry has brand _____ for Dunkin Donuts and brand _____ for Starbucks. preference; insistence preference; recognition insistence; preference insistence; recognition loyalty; preference

preference; recognition

On the shelves at Costco, Costco's Kirkland Bath Tissue, a _____ brand, is likely to be found next to Kimberly-Clark's Cottonelle Toilet Paper, a _____ brand. private; manufacturer generic; manufacturer dealer; private distributer manufacturer; private store; generic

private; manufacturer

Unsought products include frequently purchased items that are found in certain retail outlets items that are expensive but are easy to purchase products of which consumers are not aware relatively inexpensive, frequently purchased items for which buyers exert only minimal purchasing effort items that require some purchase planning and for which the buyer often will not accept substitutes frequently purchased items for which buyers are willing to exert considerable effort

products of which consumers are not aware

Egg cartons that allow eggs to be transported without being cracked during shipment highlight the _____ function of packaging. protection reusability convenience cost effectiveness safety

protection

In a brand licensing arrangement, the licensee is responsible for all of the following, except paying a licensing fee to the brand owner bearing the cost if the licensed product fails providing trademark protection for the brand selling and advertising the product manufacturing the product

providing trademark protection for the brand

During the growth stage of a successful product, profits usually are positive and continuously increasing are approximately zero are negative but decreasing are negative but increasing reach a peak and then start to decline

reach a peak then start to decline

Jeff went to his local supermarket to purchase cola, chips, dip, and salsa for the weekend's gathering to watch the football game. As far as the cola goes, Jeff thinks they all taste the same and buys either Coke or Pepsi, whichever is on sale. However, for the chips, he likes to buy Doritos White Corn when the store has them. While at the store, he picks up Coke and Santidas Corn chips because the store did not have the Doritos. When he gets to the salsa aisle he finds that his favorite brand, Pace's, is out of stock. Rather than buy a different brand, he goes to another store to find the Paces. Jeff's brand loyalty on this shopping trip can be described as ___ for the cola, ___ for the chips, and ___ for the salsa. preference; awareness; insistence awareness; insistence; preference awareness; preference; insistence recognition; preference; insistence recognition; preference; loyalty

recognition; preference; insistence

Brands provide all of the following benefits for sellers except that they do not reduce perceived risk of purchase facilitate promotional efforts foster brand loyalty help a firm introduce a new product make repeat purchase easier for customers

reduce perceived risk of purchase

A label on a package of cigarettes provides a warning from the Surgeon General of the United States warning about the risks of smoking cigarettes. For what reason is this warning included on the label? satisfy legal requirements encourage proper consumption identify the brand encourage purchase provide useful information

satisfy legal requirements

A(n) ______ is an intangible result of the application of human and mechanical efforts to people or objects. service issue idea good product

service

The various products carried by a retailer can also have dimensions of width and depth. For example, Target carries electronics such as computers and televisions. Best Buy also carries electronics, but has a much larger selection of computers and televisions than Target. In the case of electronics, the product mix of Target is ___ and the product mix of Best Buy is ____. shallow; deep deep; deep wide; narrow deep; shallow narrow; wide

shallow;deep

Of the following choices, which would be the most difficult brand name to legally protect? Snug-A-Bug Baby Clothes Wyldchyld Energy Drink Southwest Bakery Acuvue Lenses Learn & Yearn Toys

southwest bakery

A Ferrari would be classified as which type of product? unsought process material specialty shopping convenience

specialty

Peggy is an avid collector of Coca-Cola advertisements printed in magazines during the 1950s and 1960s. She greatly desires to own a specific ad that was featured in a 1954 issue of Life Magazine. This is an example of a(n) _____ product. unsought historical specialty shopping convenience

specialty

In the growth stage of the product life cycle, a typical marketing strategy seeks to... strengthen market share and position the product favorably against aggressive competitors by emphasizing its benefits focus on advertising and dealer-oriented promotions to encourage reseller support of the product eliminate items from the product line, cut promotion efforts, eliminate marginal distributors, and phase out the product develop new variations of the product that focus on new benefits that customers are seeking focus on a single market segment that is most interested in, most able to, and most willing to buy the product

strengthen market share and position the product favorably against aggressive competitors by emphasizing its benefits

Which of the following best defines the evaluation stage of the product adoption process? The buyer tests the product to determine if it fits his or her needs. The buyer finds out that the product exists. The buyer considers the product's value versus the competition. The buyer purchases the product and will use it again when the need for the product arises. The buyer searches for information about the product.

the buyer considers the product's value versus the competition

Co-branding is best defined as developing a product closely related to existing products in the line but designed to meet different customer needs using two or more brands on one product using an existing brand to brand a new product in a different category an agreement in which one company permits another to use its brand on other products for a licensing fee branding all of the firm's products with the same name or part of a name

using two or more brands on one product

When a manufacturer is developing a product's packaging, which of the following is most important to a reseller? whether the packaging is viewed as environmentally friendly whether the packaging has any potential possibilities for reuse other than its initial function the colors used on the package to attract customer attention whether the package facilitates transportation, storage, and handling whether the packaging is similar to other packages in the product line

whether the package facilitates transportation, storage, and handling

The various products carried by a retailer can also have dimensions of width and depth. For example, Dick's Sporting Goods carries sports clothes, shoes, exercise equipment, hunting and fishing equipment, camping supplies, and other products. Bass Pro Shops carries fishing equipment, but has a larger selection of different models and brands. In this case, the product mix of Dick's Sporting Goods is ___, and the product mix of Bass Pro Shops is ____. wide; deep wide; long deep and wide; deep and wide wide and deep; wide and shallow deep; wide

wide; deep

You are a rising star in the purchasing department at your company and you have recently been promoted to manager for business services procurement. As your title suggests, you will be responsible for purchasing business services for your firm. Which of the following statements is true regarding your new role? You will be purchasing process materials. You will be purchasing MRO supplies. You will be purchasing raw materials. You will be purchasing component parts. You will be purchasing janitorial services.

you will be purchasing janitorial services