Mas 123 Nervous Syst!

16. The peripheral nervous system has __________ pairs of cranial nerves and __________ pairs of spinal nerves.

12,31

23. What is another term for nerve impulse?

Action potential

38. Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing general sensory information including touch, pain, temperature, taste, proprioception?

B) Parietal lobe

14. Which vertebrae does the C-7 spinal nerve pass between?

C-7 and C-8

22. What is the first step in a neurons impulse conduction, once threshold stimulus has been applied to the neuron?

Depolarization

4. What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

Central and Peripheral

41 What is the name for the region of the brain that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Corpus callosum

What portion of the neuron is the first to receive the stimulus?

Dendrite

36. What region of the brain contains the thalamus and hypothalamus?

Diencephalon

25. Which of these statements best describes the function of neurotransmitters?

Form a chemical bridge to carry the impulse across the synapse

21. What body region does the brachial nerve plexus innervate?

Full upper extremity

42. What CNS structure serves as the control center for the autonomic nervous system?

Hypothalamus

9. Which type of neuron connects sensory and motor pathways in the spinal cord?

Integrative

7. Which type of neuron is found only in the central nervous system?

Integrative neurons

37. What are the functions of the cerebellum?

Maintain muscle tone, posture, and balance and coordinate voluntary muscle activity

31. What is the name of the connective tissue covering around the brain and spinal cord?

Meninges

11. What tissue subtance insulates and protects the axons of peripheral nerves?

Myelin

26. Salutatory nerve impulse conduction only occurs on what kind of neuron?

Myelinated

12. What is the term for the small gap between Schwann cells in the myelin sheath of axons

Nodes of Ranvier

29. Golgi tendon organs, muscle spindles, and joint receptors are all examples of what type of receptor?

Proprioceptors

27. What type of neuronal pathway creates an involuntary, immediate motor response to a stimulus?

Reflex arc

39. What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Serves as the center for respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor action

30. What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

Shock absorption, nutrition, physical barrier between pathogens in blood and the CNS organs

32. The _______is 16 inches long, has 31 segments and extends from the foramen magnum to the level of L2 vertebrae.

Spinal Cord

5. Which of these structures is a primary component of the central nervous system?

Spinal cord

15. The T-12 spinal is positioned between which vertebrae?

T-11 and T-12

40. What structure is nicknamed the "sensory clearinghouse" or "relay station" because it sorts and prioritizes virtually all sensory information?

Thalamus

24. What happens to the neuron when threshold stimulus is applied?

The cell membrane becomes permeable to sodium ions (Na+).

33. The spinal cord functions as a relay circuit between brain and peripheral nerves and as_________________________________.

The center for the majority of the body's reflex arcs

18. What is the name of cranial nerve V?

Trigeminal

Which of these structures is a primary component of the peripheral nervous system?

Trigeminal nerve

19. What number is the facial nerve?

VII

20 . Which cranial nerve innervates the abdominal viscera?

Vagus

17. Which nerve conducts motor commands to the SCM and trapezius muscles?

accessory

interneurons

are positioned between sensory and motor neurons connect sensory and motor neurons, also process and interpret sensory input to direct motor responses. Multipolar.

34. Within the spinal cord, myelinated axons of white matter are organized into large bundles called tracts. These tracts create an "impulse freeway" carrying impulses up to the brain or down to the body. Tracts that send impulses up to the brain are called _______________ tracts. Tracts sending impulses down from the brain to the body are called ________________ tracts.

ascending/sensory; descending/motor

Peripheral nervous system

carries out both sensory and motor functions. composed of sensory receptors and a network of nerves that relay sensory information to , and motor information from , the CNS.

Motor neurons

carry motor commands away from the CNS to the muscles, glands, and organs, collectively known as effectors, throughout the body. most motor neurons are multipolar.

28. The six categories of sensory receptors are thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, ____, ____, and ____:

chemoreceptors, proprioceptors, and nociceptors

47. The physiologic changes that accompany a sympathetic response include increases in heart and respiratory rates, plus:

dilation of pupils and constriction of blood vessels in the viscera (organs)

Neurons (axons) are encased in connective tissue covering called ____________________.

epineurium

These neurons are bundled together to form _____________________________ that are wrapped by a connective tissue layer called the ___________________________.

fascicles, perineurium

44. Which lobe of the cerebral cortex contains the primary motor and speech control centers?

frontal

46. When a person is subjected to long-term stress, the autonomic response is:

increased sympathetic tone

Somatic nervous system

motor division of the peripheral nervous system that innervates skeletal muscles.

Central nervous system

integrative center that receives and interprets all the sensory information and directs motor responses. Has two components the brain and spinal cord.

43. What area of the brain is known as the emotional brain?

limbic system

Autonomic nervous system

moto diviso of the peripheral nervous system that innervates glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.

Nervous system functions can be summarized as sensory, __________ , and __________ .

motor and integrative

35. _________________ are extensions that connect nerve fibers of each spinal nerve to their respective spinal cord segment.

nerve roots

13. Nerve are made of bundles of _________________.

neurons

Fascicles are bundled together to form a _________________________and are bound together by connective tissue covering called the _________________________.

outer covering, epineurium

45. Which division of the autonomic system is known as the "feed-and-breed" or "rest & digest" system?

parasympathetic

10. What part of a neuron contains the vesicles that store and release the neurotransmitters?

synaptic bulb

Sensory neuron

transmit impulses from the sensory receptors in the PNS to the spinal cord and brain . Most are unipolar .