Nutrition Chapter 1

registered dietitian nutritionist

The RD credential was recently updated to RDN which stands for

vitamins

___ are essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but participate in many chemical reactions that release energy from macronutrients

metabolism

____ is the term that encompasses all of the chemical processes that occur in living cells

obesity

_____ is a condition characterized by excess body fat

carbohydrates

______ are nutrients that provide the body with the major source of calories

nutrients

______ are substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of the body

gene

a _____ provides the instructions for protein synthesis

enzyme

a compound that speeds the rate of chemical reaction but is not altered by the reaction is...

a decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain

a stroke is

an explanation of a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence by different researchers to support it

a theory is best defined as

bond

a(n) _______ is a linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons

psychological

appetite is the primarily drive to find and eat food

4

carbohydrates provide the body with ____ kcal per gram

potatoes and tomatoes

from the myplate vegetables group, select the two most commonly consumed food choices

placebo

generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a(n)

1,000

how many calories are in a kilocalorie

solid

in contrast to oils, fats are ______ at room temperature

risk factor

is a term used when discussing aspects such as heredity, lifestyle, and nutritional choices that contribute to the development of a disease

9

lipids contain ____ kcal per gram

10 grams carbs = 40 kcal 5 grams fat = 45 kcal 4 grams protein = 16 kcal

match the calorie cost for each of the nutrients in the following foods

inorganic

minerals are structurally simple, _____ substances

nutrition

name the science that links food and health

4 cups

one liter is approximately

microgram milligram centigram kilogram

place the following units of measurement in order from smallest (top) to largest (bottom)

obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease

regular physical activity reduces the risk of

discontinue eating

satiety describes a state in which there is a desire to

true

t or f: Vitamins enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body

true

t or f: a condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated is called hypertension

false- minerals are inorganic

t or f: a mineral is an organic substance

true

t or f: a solvent is a substance (usually liquid) in which another substance is dissolved

false

t or f: all lipids are soluble in water

false

t or f: an inorganic substance contains carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms in the chemical structure

true

t or f: an organic compound contains carbon as part of its chemical structure

true- carbs provide the body with the major source of calories

t or f: carbohydrates provide the body with calories

true

t or f: ethanol is the compound found in alcoholic beverages

false- carbs provide energy

t or f: in the cells of the body, minerals can be broken down to provide energy

false

t or f: meat and dairy products are typically rich in phytochemicals

true

t or f: metabolism is the sum of the chemical processes that provide energy in useful forms so that vital activities can be sustained

false- low bone mass may originate early in life, not evident until later

t or f: osteoporosis primarily affects young people

true

t or f: routines, habits, advertising and economics all influence our food choices

true

t or f: smells, tastes, the sight of food, time of day, and celebrations are all cues that may trigger us to eat

true

t or f: the body gets nutrients from food

food and beverages

the body can derive all the essential nutrients from

amino acids

the building blocks of proteins are called

reduced risk of liver disease and reduced risk of accidents

the following are benefits of minimizing alcohol intake

cardiovascular

the medical term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system is ____ disease

control

the participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are known as the _____ group

involves insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin by the pancreas and requires daily insulin therapy

type 1 diabetes

results from either insufficient release or the general inability for insulin to act on certain body cells and might not require insulin therapy

type 2 diabetes

4.55

what is 7% of 65?

H2O

what is the chemical representation of water?

5 kcal

what is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?

hunger

what is the term for the primary physical drive to find and eat food, mostly regulated by internal cues to eating?

an essential nutrient

when ____ is left out of the diet, health declines

hypothesis

when a scientists suggests a possible explanation for a natural phenomenon, that explanation is called a(n)

water

which nutrient functions as a vehicle transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body?

oils, fats

which of the following are alternative names for lipids? select all that apply

vitmain D, E, A

which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins

lipids, water, carbohydrates

which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?

snack on raw veggies instead of chips, work for an employer with a workout program, find a workout partner

which of the following are strategies that may help to prevent weight gain over time?

proteins

which of the following is the main structural material in the body?