Nutrition Chapter 1
registered dietitian nutritionist
The RD credential was recently updated to RDN which stands for
vitamins
___ are essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but participate in many chemical reactions that release energy from macronutrients
metabolism
____ is the term that encompasses all of the chemical processes that occur in living cells
obesity
_____ is a condition characterized by excess body fat
carbohydrates
______ are nutrients that provide the body with the major source of calories
nutrients
______ are substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of the body
gene
a _____ provides the instructions for protein synthesis
enzyme
a compound that speeds the rate of chemical reaction but is not altered by the reaction is...
a decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain
a stroke is
an explanation of a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence by different researchers to support it
a theory is best defined as
bond
a(n) _______ is a linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons
psychological
appetite is the primarily drive to find and eat food
4
carbohydrates provide the body with ____ kcal per gram
potatoes and tomatoes
from the myplate vegetables group, select the two most commonly consumed food choices
placebo
generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a(n)
1,000
how many calories are in a kilocalorie
solid
in contrast to oils, fats are ______ at room temperature
risk factor
is a term used when discussing aspects such as heredity, lifestyle, and nutritional choices that contribute to the development of a disease
9
lipids contain ____ kcal per gram
10 grams carbs = 40 kcal 5 grams fat = 45 kcal 4 grams protein = 16 kcal
match the calorie cost for each of the nutrients in the following foods
inorganic
minerals are structurally simple, _____ substances
nutrition
name the science that links food and health
4 cups
one liter is approximately
microgram milligram centigram kilogram
place the following units of measurement in order from smallest (top) to largest (bottom)
obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease
regular physical activity reduces the risk of
discontinue eating
satiety describes a state in which there is a desire to
true
t or f: Vitamins enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body
true
t or f: a condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated is called hypertension
false- minerals are inorganic
t or f: a mineral is an organic substance
true
t or f: a solvent is a substance (usually liquid) in which another substance is dissolved
false
t or f: all lipids are soluble in water
false
t or f: an inorganic substance contains carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms in the chemical structure
true
t or f: an organic compound contains carbon as part of its chemical structure
true- carbs provide the body with the major source of calories
t or f: carbohydrates provide the body with calories
true
t or f: ethanol is the compound found in alcoholic beverages
false- carbs provide energy
t or f: in the cells of the body, minerals can be broken down to provide energy
false
t or f: meat and dairy products are typically rich in phytochemicals
true
t or f: metabolism is the sum of the chemical processes that provide energy in useful forms so that vital activities can be sustained
false- low bone mass may originate early in life, not evident until later
t or f: osteoporosis primarily affects young people
true
t or f: routines, habits, advertising and economics all influence our food choices
true
t or f: smells, tastes, the sight of food, time of day, and celebrations are all cues that may trigger us to eat
true
t or f: the body gets nutrients from food
food and beverages
the body can derive all the essential nutrients from
amino acids
the building blocks of proteins are called
reduced risk of liver disease and reduced risk of accidents
the following are benefits of minimizing alcohol intake
cardiovascular
the medical term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system is ____ disease
control
the participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are known as the _____ group
involves insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin by the pancreas and requires daily insulin therapy
type 1 diabetes
results from either insufficient release or the general inability for insulin to act on certain body cells and might not require insulin therapy
type 2 diabetes
4.55
what is 7% of 65?
H2O
what is the chemical representation of water?
5 kcal
what is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?
hunger
what is the term for the primary physical drive to find and eat food, mostly regulated by internal cues to eating?
an essential nutrient
when ____ is left out of the diet, health declines
hypothesis
when a scientists suggests a possible explanation for a natural phenomenon, that explanation is called a(n)
water
which nutrient functions as a vehicle transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body?
oils, fats
which of the following are alternative names for lipids? select all that apply
vitmain D, E, A
which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins
lipids, water, carbohydrates
which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?
snack on raw veggies instead of chips, work for an employer with a workout program, find a workout partner
which of the following are strategies that may help to prevent weight gain over time?
proteins
which of the following is the main structural material in the body?
