Mass Media Test #5

Metaethics

A cultures fundamental values are its

Normative

A theory that explains how media should ideally operate in a given system of social values is ____theory.

Among American's external services is_____, which provides a "touch of home" to Department of Denfense and U.S. Military personnel around the world

AFRTS

Indecent

According to FCC, language or material that depicts sexual or excretory activities in a way that is offensive to contemporary community standards is

Valentine v Chrestensen

Advertising or commercial speech enjoys First Amendment protection, as established by the Supreme Court in its 1942 decision

Among America's external services is___which attempts to improve the image of the U.S. in Middle East

Al-Hurra

Object of the Act

Among the individual or group interests that often conflict in ethical dilemmas are those of the ____, particular person or group that is likely to be affected by media practitioners actions

Ascertainment

Among the regulatory requirements that dissapeared during the broadcast deregulation movement of the Reagan administration is ____which require broadcasters determine actively and affirmatively the nature of their audiences interest, convience, and necessity.

Fairness Doctrine

Among the regulatory requirements that dissapeared during the broadcast deregulation movement of the Reagon Admin is ____which is required broadcaster to cover issues of public importance and to be fair in that coverage.

Britains external service is

BBC

Human constructions

Because mass comm theorys are created by people, and therefore influenced by human biases, the times in which we live the position we occupy in the mass comm process, and a host of other factors, we can say that these theories are

The external broadcast services of the United States are under the administration of the ____whose members were appointed by the president.

Board of International Broadcasting

In 1962 the U.S. Congress established ____to coordinate ownership and operation of America's communications satelite system

COMSAT

______law on advertising to children forbids, among other things, the use of words like new and introducing for more than one year, exaggeration; promotion of craft and building toys that an average child cannot put together; promotion to kids of products not meant for kids; and encouragement to get parents to buy the product

Canadian

Great Britain does not have a First Amendment similar to that of the United States, allowing the government to practice prior restraint by making an officically issues notice called a:

D-notice

Mass Society Theory

During the ____era of mass comm theory, the media were believed to be corrupting influences that undermined the social order, and average people were considered defenseless against their influence

Purely entertainment content, such as a fun summer movie, does not enjoy First Amendment protection because it is totally commercial in its intent, and therefore, not of the press.

False

copyright

Identifiying and granting ownership of a given piece of expression, ____is designed to protect the creditors financial interest in the expression

Roth V. United States

In 1957, ____ the Supreme Court determined that sex and obscenity were not synonymous and significant advance for the freedom of expression. It did however, legally affirm for the 1st time that obscenity was unprotected expression.

Chanler v Florida

In 1981,in _____ the Supreme court determined that tv cameras in the courtroom were not inherently damaging to fairness and diff states have since adopted diff standards

Standards and Practices Department

In addition to industry professional codes, many media orgs have formulated their own institutional policies for conduct. In the case of th broadcast networks, these are enforced by:

Moral Compass

In applying ethics, the person making the decisions is called

Individual Differences

In limited effects theory, the influence of media is though to be limited by people's intelligence and education in other words by their

Meaning-making perspective

In mass comm theory, the ____argues that active audience members use media content to create meaning, and meaninful experiences for themselves

The American surrogate service transmitting into Cuba is Radio and Televsion

MArti

Micro-level effects

Media effects on individuals are said to be

Embedding

One conflict of interest issues that media professionals is ____in which combat reporters allow military control over their output in exchange for close access to the troops

Slander

Oral or spoken defamation of a persons characters

selective perception

People psychological dissonance is reduced through the selective processes, one of which is _____, the process by which people interpret messages in a manner consistent with their prexisting attitudes and beliefs

Selective exposure

People's psychological dissonance is reduced through the selective processes, one of which is _____, the process in which people attend to only those message that are consistent with their preexisting attitudes and beliefs

due cause

Potentially libelous or Slanderous expression is protected by the 1st Amendment if it meets the test of all but which

Among American's external services is ____, which broadcasts to most of Asia but primarily targets China

Radio Free Asia

Among American's external services is _____, which broadcasts to audiences in Darfur from neighboring Chad

Radio Sila

Ethics

Rules of behavior or moral principals

imitation

Social Cognitive theorists call the direct replication of an observed behavior

The satellite revolution began with the launch in 1957 of ___, the first man made satellite to orbit the Earth

Sputnik

The American broadcasting service established during WW11 and the Cold War to deliver Department of Defense internal information, and radio and television programming services to overseas Department of Defense personnel and their families

The Armed Forces Radio and Televsion Service

Mark Fowler

The FCC chairman most closely associated witht the deregulation of broadcasting is ______an appointee of the Reagen Administration

Libel

The False and Malicious publication of material that damages a persons reputation typically applied to print

NBC

The Supreme Court decision declaring that the FCCs traffic cop role did indeed allow it to regulate the ontent of that traffic is the ____decision

Gitlow v New York

The Supreme Court, in its decision in _____ stated that the 1st Amend was among the fundamental personal rights and liberties protected by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment from impairment by the states. Given that , "Congrss shall make no law" is now interpreted as government agencies shall make no law

Privilege

The basis for the test of ____ is the idea that the press cannot be deterred fro covering legislative court or other public activites for fear that the comments of a speaker or witness will open it to claims of libel or slander

Citzens United v FEC

The controverisal 2010 Supreme Court 1st Amendment decision, ____granted corps and labor unions the same free speech rights as individuals

The Orson Wells radio production of W of the Worlds

The era of the limited effects perspective on mass comm theory began with what famous media event?

The Chinese media system is based on that of

The former Soviet Union

Sixth

The gurantee to fair trail in secured in the ____amendment to the constitution

Two-step flow

The idea that info from the media and therefore media effects travel from media through opinion leaders to opinion follower is called ____theory.

Confidentiality

The issue of _____ an important tool of journalism, involves the ability of media professionals to keep secret the names of people who provide them with info

Hypodermic needle theory

The mass society idea that media are a dangerous drug, or a killing force that directly and immediatly penetrates a persons system is summer up in there

Balancing of Interests

The philosophy of ____states that, in individual 1st Amendment cases, several factors should be viewed in determining how much freedom of press is granted

Prior Restraint

The power of the gov't to prevent the publcation or broadcast of expression

Cultivation Analysis

The theory of ____says that tv constructs a reality of the world that, although possibly inaccurate, becomes the accpeted reality simply because we as a culture believe it to be true

Uses and gratifications

Theory argues that media don't do things to people, rather people do things w/..in other words, medias influence is limited to what people allow it to be

In the Free-press-fair-trial debate, the First and Sixth Amendments Conflict

True

absolutionist

When discussing the 1st Amendment, Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black said, " No law means now law. He was expressing the ____ position on the freedom of press and speech

Yahoo, Cisco, Google, and Microsoft have all angered freedom of expression advocates by the way they have served the Chinses government in order to do business in the giant country. But it is ___that has earned the most ire because it has delivered.....

Yahoo

Critical Culture

____theories rely on the idea that the media operate primarily to justify and support the status quo at the expense of ordinary people

Social Construction of Reality

____theory argues that people who share a culture also share an ongoing correspondence of meaning

Sin public refers to

ad free broadcasts on Spanish public Television

Social Responsibility Theory

asserts that media must remain free of government control,but in exchange must serve the public. Its core assumptions are a cross between libertarian principles of freedom and practical admissions of the need for some form of control over media

The Spanish government bans the airing of television commercials for ____ before 10pm

beauty products

Clear and Present Danger

because freedom of the press can be limited if the likely result is damaging there is no absolute freedom of expression in the case

The study of different countries mass media systems is called

comparative analysis

Many countries, expecially developing countries lacking sufficient resources to create their own quality media fare, fear that U.S. cultural values will overwhelm and displace those of their own lands, a process known as

cultural imperialism

A clandestine broadcast operation that operates outside the region into which it transmits is an

exogenous station

Many countries maintain broadcasting services, called____, that are designed to counter propoganda of rival nations and disseminate information about themselves

external services

The editors of the Progressive fought the government over the issue of prior restraint

false

British law only recently permitted product placement in television shows, but still forbids it

in children's programming

In Great Britain the BBC is funded by____ based on the number of receivers people have in their homes

license fees

Macro-level effects

media effects that occur at the cultural level are said to be

Applied Ethics

media practitioners who put their ethical values into action are using

Public Domain

once the copyright on a piece of expression expires is not renewed, the material passes into____, meaning it can be used w/o permission

Illegally operated stations broadcasting to English audiences from offshore or foreign facilities during the 1960s were called

pirate stations

Limits on advertising and other public service requirements imposed on Britain's commercial broadcasters in exhange for the right to broadcast constitute broadcasters

public service remits

In International broadcasting, an operation established by one country to substitute for another's own domestic service is called

surrogate service

Fair Use

the copyright expectation of _____is when the small portions of the original work are used for noncomm or educational purposes

Reinforcement

the idea that mass comm ordinarily does not serve as a necessary sufficient cause of audience effects, but rather functions among and through a nexus of mediating factors and influences is the basis of Joseph Klappers____theory

Miller v State of California

the legal definition of obscenity was established by which important surpreme court decision

Dissonance

the theory argues that people experience a kind of mental discomfort when confronted w/ new info. As a result, they consciously and subconsciously work to limit or reduce their comfort

Symbolic Interactioin

theory argues that cultures give symbols meaning and then those symbols control behavior

Social Construction of Reality

theory argues that reality is a social construction

Social Cognitive

theory is the idea that people learn through observation to model the behaviors they see

Actual Malice

when a media outlet distributes content with knowledge of its falsity or a reckless disregard for the truth it has acted with