Mass Media Test #5
Metaethics
A cultures fundamental values are its
Normative
A theory that explains how media should ideally operate in a given system of social values is ____theory.
Among American's external services is_____, which provides a "touch of home" to Department of Denfense and U.S. Military personnel around the world
AFRTS
Indecent
According to FCC, language or material that depicts sexual or excretory activities in a way that is offensive to contemporary community standards is
Valentine v Chrestensen
Advertising or commercial speech enjoys First Amendment protection, as established by the Supreme Court in its 1942 decision
Among America's external services is___which attempts to improve the image of the U.S. in Middle East
Al-Hurra
Object of the Act
Among the individual or group interests that often conflict in ethical dilemmas are those of the ____, particular person or group that is likely to be affected by media practitioners actions
Ascertainment
Among the regulatory requirements that dissapeared during the broadcast deregulation movement of the Reagan administration is ____which require broadcasters determine actively and affirmatively the nature of their audiences interest, convience, and necessity.
Fairness Doctrine
Among the regulatory requirements that dissapeared during the broadcast deregulation movement of the Reagon Admin is ____which is required broadcaster to cover issues of public importance and to be fair in that coverage.
Britains external service is
BBC
Human constructions
Because mass comm theorys are created by people, and therefore influenced by human biases, the times in which we live the position we occupy in the mass comm process, and a host of other factors, we can say that these theories are
The external broadcast services of the United States are under the administration of the ____whose members were appointed by the president.
Board of International Broadcasting
In 1962 the U.S. Congress established ____to coordinate ownership and operation of America's communications satelite system
COMSAT
______law on advertising to children forbids, among other things, the use of words like new and introducing for more than one year, exaggeration; promotion of craft and building toys that an average child cannot put together; promotion to kids of products not meant for kids; and encouragement to get parents to buy the product
Canadian
Great Britain does not have a First Amendment similar to that of the United States, allowing the government to practice prior restraint by making an officically issues notice called a:
D-notice
Mass Society Theory
During the ____era of mass comm theory, the media were believed to be corrupting influences that undermined the social order, and average people were considered defenseless against their influence
Purely entertainment content, such as a fun summer movie, does not enjoy First Amendment protection because it is totally commercial in its intent, and therefore, not of the press.
False
copyright
Identifiying and granting ownership of a given piece of expression, ____is designed to protect the creditors financial interest in the expression
Roth V. United States
In 1957, ____ the Supreme Court determined that sex and obscenity were not synonymous and significant advance for the freedom of expression. It did however, legally affirm for the 1st time that obscenity was unprotected expression.
Chanler v Florida
In 1981,in _____ the Supreme court determined that tv cameras in the courtroom were not inherently damaging to fairness and diff states have since adopted diff standards
Standards and Practices Department
In addition to industry professional codes, many media orgs have formulated their own institutional policies for conduct. In the case of th broadcast networks, these are enforced by:
Moral Compass
In applying ethics, the person making the decisions is called
Individual Differences
In limited effects theory, the influence of media is though to be limited by people's intelligence and education in other words by their
Meaning-making perspective
In mass comm theory, the ____argues that active audience members use media content to create meaning, and meaninful experiences for themselves
The American surrogate service transmitting into Cuba is Radio and Televsion
MArti
Micro-level effects
Media effects on individuals are said to be
Embedding
One conflict of interest issues that media professionals is ____in which combat reporters allow military control over their output in exchange for close access to the troops
Slander
Oral or spoken defamation of a persons characters
selective perception
People psychological dissonance is reduced through the selective processes, one of which is _____, the process by which people interpret messages in a manner consistent with their prexisting attitudes and beliefs
Selective exposure
People's psychological dissonance is reduced through the selective processes, one of which is _____, the process in which people attend to only those message that are consistent with their preexisting attitudes and beliefs
due cause
Potentially libelous or Slanderous expression is protected by the 1st Amendment if it meets the test of all but which
Among American's external services is ____, which broadcasts to most of Asia but primarily targets China
Radio Free Asia
Among American's external services is _____, which broadcasts to audiences in Darfur from neighboring Chad
Radio Sila
Ethics
Rules of behavior or moral principals
imitation
Social Cognitive theorists call the direct replication of an observed behavior
The satellite revolution began with the launch in 1957 of ___, the first man made satellite to orbit the Earth
Sputnik
The American broadcasting service established during WW11 and the Cold War to deliver Department of Defense internal information, and radio and television programming services to overseas Department of Defense personnel and their families
The Armed Forces Radio and Televsion Service
Mark Fowler
The FCC chairman most closely associated witht the deregulation of broadcasting is ______an appointee of the Reagen Administration
Libel
The False and Malicious publication of material that damages a persons reputation typically applied to print
NBC
The Supreme Court decision declaring that the FCCs traffic cop role did indeed allow it to regulate the ontent of that traffic is the ____decision
Gitlow v New York
The Supreme Court, in its decision in _____ stated that the 1st Amend was among the fundamental personal rights and liberties protected by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment from impairment by the states. Given that , "Congrss shall make no law" is now interpreted as government agencies shall make no law
Privilege
The basis for the test of ____ is the idea that the press cannot be deterred fro covering legislative court or other public activites for fear that the comments of a speaker or witness will open it to claims of libel or slander
Citzens United v FEC
The controverisal 2010 Supreme Court 1st Amendment decision, ____granted corps and labor unions the same free speech rights as individuals
The Orson Wells radio production of W of the Worlds
The era of the limited effects perspective on mass comm theory began with what famous media event?
The Chinese media system is based on that of
The former Soviet Union
Sixth
The gurantee to fair trail in secured in the ____amendment to the constitution
Two-step flow
The idea that info from the media and therefore media effects travel from media through opinion leaders to opinion follower is called ____theory.
Confidentiality
The issue of _____ an important tool of journalism, involves the ability of media professionals to keep secret the names of people who provide them with info
Hypodermic needle theory
The mass society idea that media are a dangerous drug, or a killing force that directly and immediatly penetrates a persons system is summer up in there
Balancing of Interests
The philosophy of ____states that, in individual 1st Amendment cases, several factors should be viewed in determining how much freedom of press is granted
Prior Restraint
The power of the gov't to prevent the publcation or broadcast of expression
Cultivation Analysis
The theory of ____says that tv constructs a reality of the world that, although possibly inaccurate, becomes the accpeted reality simply because we as a culture believe it to be true
Uses and gratifications
Theory argues that media don't do things to people, rather people do things w/..in other words, medias influence is limited to what people allow it to be
In the Free-press-fair-trial debate, the First and Sixth Amendments Conflict
True
absolutionist
When discussing the 1st Amendment, Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black said, " No law means now law. He was expressing the ____ position on the freedom of press and speech
Yahoo, Cisco, Google, and Microsoft have all angered freedom of expression advocates by the way they have served the Chinses government in order to do business in the giant country. But it is ___that has earned the most ire because it has delivered.....
Yahoo
Critical Culture
____theories rely on the idea that the media operate primarily to justify and support the status quo at the expense of ordinary people
Social Construction of Reality
____theory argues that people who share a culture also share an ongoing correspondence of meaning
Sin public refers to
ad free broadcasts on Spanish public Television
Social Responsibility Theory
asserts that media must remain free of government control,but in exchange must serve the public. Its core assumptions are a cross between libertarian principles of freedom and practical admissions of the need for some form of control over media
The Spanish government bans the airing of television commercials for ____ before 10pm
beauty products
Clear and Present Danger
because freedom of the press can be limited if the likely result is damaging there is no absolute freedom of expression in the case
The study of different countries mass media systems is called
comparative analysis
Many countries, expecially developing countries lacking sufficient resources to create their own quality media fare, fear that U.S. cultural values will overwhelm and displace those of their own lands, a process known as
cultural imperialism
A clandestine broadcast operation that operates outside the region into which it transmits is an
exogenous station
Many countries maintain broadcasting services, called____, that are designed to counter propoganda of rival nations and disseminate information about themselves
external services
The editors of the Progressive fought the government over the issue of prior restraint
false
British law only recently permitted product placement in television shows, but still forbids it
in children's programming
In Great Britain the BBC is funded by____ based on the number of receivers people have in their homes
license fees
Macro-level effects
media effects that occur at the cultural level are said to be
Applied Ethics
media practitioners who put their ethical values into action are using
Public Domain
once the copyright on a piece of expression expires is not renewed, the material passes into____, meaning it can be used w/o permission
Illegally operated stations broadcasting to English audiences from offshore or foreign facilities during the 1960s were called
pirate stations
Limits on advertising and other public service requirements imposed on Britain's commercial broadcasters in exhange for the right to broadcast constitute broadcasters
public service remits
In International broadcasting, an operation established by one country to substitute for another's own domestic service is called
surrogate service
Fair Use
the copyright expectation of _____is when the small portions of the original work are used for noncomm or educational purposes
Reinforcement
the idea that mass comm ordinarily does not serve as a necessary sufficient cause of audience effects, but rather functions among and through a nexus of mediating factors and influences is the basis of Joseph Klappers____theory
Miller v State of California
the legal definition of obscenity was established by which important surpreme court decision
Dissonance
the theory argues that people experience a kind of mental discomfort when confronted w/ new info. As a result, they consciously and subconsciously work to limit or reduce their comfort
Symbolic Interactioin
theory argues that cultures give symbols meaning and then those symbols control behavior
Social Construction of Reality
theory argues that reality is a social construction
Social Cognitive
theory is the idea that people learn through observation to model the behaviors they see
Actual Malice
when a media outlet distributes content with knowledge of its falsity or a reckless disregard for the truth it has acted with