mastering #6 (ch. 15)
Which of the following is a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary?
none
What cells release parathyroid hormone?
parathyroid cells
Acromegaly may be caused by all EXCEPT which of the following?
positive feedback by GH (growth hormone) on the anterior pituitary
Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include ________.
possible activation of several different second-messenger systems
Which of the following hormones mainly serves to stimulate milk production by the breasts?
prolactin
Oxytocin ________.
release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism
ACTH ________.
secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic regulatory hormone
Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ________.
steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells
Which of the following is not a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus?
stimulates production of an action potential
Which of the following occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified?
synergism
Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP?
the heart
The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.
the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
Which hormone is the body's major metabolic hormone?
thyroid
Hormones that regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands are called __________.
tropins
Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction?
type of hormone
What gland secretes growth hormone?
Anterior Pituitary gland
Which of the following adrenal gland homeostatic imbalances is characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose levels, dramatic losses in muscle and bone protein, and water and salt retention, leading to hypertension and edema?
Cushing's syndrome
Which of the following is NOT a major type of stimulus that triggers endocrine glands to manufacture and release hormones?
Enzymes are not triggers in the release of hormones.
Addison's disease is due to a insufficient output of glucocorticoids only.
False
Direct gene activation involves a second-messenger system.
False
Oxytocin and ADH are produced in the posterior pituitary.
False
The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin.
False
Thyroid hormone production requires the presence of iodine and calcium.
False
Hypersecretion of what hormone can produce the effects of gigantism (individual in the center of this image)?
GH
You may predict that iodized salt may be effective in preventing all EXCEPT which of the following?
Graves' disease occurs due to hyperthyroidism. Iodine is an important precursor for the production of thyroid hormone.
The single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood is ________.
PTH
Which of the following hormone pairs are antagonists that regulate blood calcium ion levels?
Parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium ion levels. Calcitonin from the thyroid lowers blood calcium ion levels.
__________ is the situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present.
Permissiveness
Which of the following is NOT a property of endocrine glands?
They have ducts.
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones.
True
Hormones are long-distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph throughout the body.
True
LH is also referred to as a gonadotropin.
True
Major hormones circulate to virtually all tissues.
True
Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.
True
The beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin.
True
The hypothalamus is known to control the activity of the anterior pituitary, which has traditionally been called the "master endocrine gland."
True
Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?
adenoid
Leptin is secreted by ________.
adipocytes
Which of the following glands is found atop the kidneys?
adrenal
The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________.
binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP
The major targets of growth hormone are ________.
bones and skeletal muscles
Which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus? -a change in membrane potential -the stimulation of a genetic event resulting in protein synthesis -direct control of the nervous system -an increase in enzymatic activity
direct control of the nervous system
Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because ________.
during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes
Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.
entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus?
enzyme
Which of the following is not a type of hormone interaction?
feedback
Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________.
first enter into the hypophyseal portal system
Aldosterone ________.
functions to increase sodium reabsorption
What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?
hormonal stimuli
Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________.
hormones
The stimuli causing endocrine glands to secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients are called __________.
humoral stimuli
Which of the following is a hypoglycemic hormone?
insulin
ADH ________.
is inhibited by alcohol
The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________.
is partly contained within the infundibulum
The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because ________.
it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
Which of the following triggers the release of glucagon?
a decrease in blood glucose levels
What is the primary function of hormones?
alter cell activity