mastering #6 (ch. 15)

Which of the following is a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary?

none

What cells release parathyroid hormone?

parathyroid cells

Acromegaly may be caused by all EXCEPT which of the following?

positive feedback by GH (growth hormone) on the anterior pituitary

Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include ________.

possible activation of several different second-messenger systems

Which of the following hormones mainly serves to stimulate milk production by the breasts?

prolactin

Oxytocin ________.

release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism

ACTH ________.

secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic regulatory hormone

Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ________.

steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells

Which of the following is not a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus?

stimulates production of an action potential

Which of the following occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified?

synergism

Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP?

the heart

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.

the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ

Which hormone is the body's major metabolic hormone?

thyroid

Hormones that regulate the secretory action of other endocrine glands are called __________.

tropins

Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction?

type of hormone

What gland secretes growth hormone?

Anterior Pituitary gland

Which of the following adrenal gland homeostatic imbalances is characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose levels, dramatic losses in muscle and bone protein, and water and salt retention, leading to hypertension and edema?

Cushing's syndrome

Which of the following is NOT a major type of stimulus that triggers endocrine glands to manufacture and release hormones?

Enzymes are not triggers in the release of hormones.

Addison's disease is due to a insufficient output of glucocorticoids only.

False

Direct gene activation involves a second-messenger system.

False

Oxytocin and ADH are produced in the posterior pituitary.

False

The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin.

False

Thyroid hormone production requires the presence of iodine and calcium.

False

Hypersecretion of what hormone can produce the effects of gigantism (individual in the center of this image)?

GH

You may predict that iodized salt may be effective in preventing all EXCEPT which of the following?

Graves' disease occurs due to hyperthyroidism. Iodine is an important precursor for the production of thyroid hormone.

The single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood is ________.

PTH

Which of the following hormone pairs are antagonists that regulate blood calcium ion levels?

Parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium ion levels. Calcitonin from the thyroid lowers blood calcium ion levels.

__________ is the situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present.

Permissiveness

Which of the following is NOT a property of endocrine glands?

They have ducts.

ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones.

True

Hormones are long-distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph throughout the body.

True

LH is also referred to as a gonadotropin.

True

Major hormones circulate to virtually all tissues.

True

Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.

True

The beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin.

True

The hypothalamus is known to control the activity of the anterior pituitary, which has traditionally been called the "master endocrine gland."

True

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?

adenoid

Leptin is secreted by ________.

adipocytes

Which of the following glands is found atop the kidneys?

adrenal

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________.

binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP

The major targets of growth hormone are ________.

bones and skeletal muscles

Which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus? -a change in membrane potential -the stimulation of a genetic event resulting in protein synthesis -direct control of the nervous system -an increase in enzymatic activity

direct control of the nervous system

Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because ________.

during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes

Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.

entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus?

enzyme

Which of the following is not a type of hormone interaction?

feedback

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________.

first enter into the hypophyseal portal system

Aldosterone ________.

functions to increase sodium reabsorption

What is required for the production of anterior pituitary gland hormones?

hormonal stimuli

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________.

hormones

The stimuli causing endocrine glands to secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients are called __________.

humoral stimuli

Which of the following is a hypoglycemic hormone?

insulin

ADH ________.

is inhibited by alcohol

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________.

is partly contained within the infundibulum

The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because ________.

it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release

Which of the following triggers the release of glucagon?

a decrease in blood glucose levels

What is the primary function of hormones?

alter cell activity