Mastering A&P Chapter 1

Which letter indicates the hallux?

E

synthesizes vitamin D

Integumentary system

What is the purpose of the serous fluid that is located between visceral and parietal serosa?

It allows organs to slide with little friction against each other and against the cavity walls.

Which of the following statements are accurate concerning light microscopy?

It is limited because it cannot produce sharp images of structures within cells.

Which statement about visceral serosa is false?

It lines the internal surface of hollow organs.

What is the main advantage of MRI as a medical imaging technique?

It shows soft tissues very clearly.

Bilateral symmetry can apply to objects as well as to animal bodies. Which of the following capital letters of the alphabet is not bilaterally symmetrical?

L

The roots of anatomical terminology lie mainly in

Latin and Greek

heart, esophagus, and trachea

Mediastinum

Inner Tube

Pharynx, Digestive Tube, Lungs

lung

Pleural Cavity

The femoral region is ________ to the plantar region.

Proximal

This branch of anatomy studies internal body structures by means of MRI, sonography, and other imaging techniques.

Radiographic anatomy

keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen

Respiratory system

What is the major difference in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) when compared to light microscopy (LM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM)?

SEM uses whole, unsectioned surfaces that are covered in carbon and gold dust.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning serosae?

Serosae are dry membranes, because they do not open to body surfaces.

Dorsal Hollow Nerve Tube

Spinal Cord, Brain

What is the function of serous membranes?

They reduce friction so that viscera move freely.

Ultrasound techniques are used to image a fetus because they are less damaging than other techniques.

True

regulates water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance of the blood

Urinary

Segmented Outer Tube

Vertebrae, Muscle Segments

Spinal Cord

Vertebral cavity

As a physician, you are evaluating a blood vessel abnormality in a 35-year-old male's brain. The technique which would be least useful would be________.

a PET scan

In which body cavity are the organs of this body system located? (Urinary System)

abdominopelvic cavity

The buccal region is the

cheeks

The "CT" in "CT scanning" stands for

computed tomography

The words anatomy and dissection both derive from Greek word meaning __________.

cut apart

Bones lie __________ to muscles.

deep

Muscles are ________ to the skin.

deep

The brain is ________ to the skull.

deep

The heart is ________ to the sternum.

deep

The ankle lies ________ to the thigh.

distal

The dorsal body cavity __________.

encloses the brain and spinal cord

Hormones are regulatory proteins that are secreted by the ________ system.

endocrine

Which organ system includes the pancreas, thymus, testes, and pituitary gland?

endocrine

Which letter indicates the occipital region?

A

digestive viscera and kidneys

Abdominal cavity

Which letter indicates the acromial region?

B

Which letter indicates the umbilical region?

B

Which letter indicates the inguinal region?

C

Which letter indicates the scapular region?

C

transports blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes

Cardiovascular system

Which of the following terms indicates the neck region?

Cervical

Which letter indicates the femoral region?

D

Which letter indicates the lumbar region?

D

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomical position?

Directional terminology refers to the body in this position.

Which letter indicates the popliteal region?

E

Knowledge of this branch of anatomy helps one understand the complex design of the adult human body and helps to explain birth defects.

Embryology

This branch of anatomy explores how organs and body structures work and assesses the efficiency of their design.

Functional morphology

This is the study of body structures that can be examined with the naked eye-bones, lungs, and muscles for example.

Gross anatomy

This is the study of microscopic structures including cells, tissues, and microscopic details of organs.

Histology

This is the study of shapes and landmarks that reveal underlying organs.

Surface Anatomy

Which organ system consists of vessels that do not carry blood, but pick up fluids (and some cells) that are leaked from the blood?

lymphatic

Large molecules such as proteins are called

macromolecules

Which advanced imaging technique is capable of distinguishing body tissues on the basis of differences in water content, and makes bones "invisible"?

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

The sternal region is __________ to the axillary region.

medial

Another name for the midsagittal plane is

median

Cells, organelles, and tissues are usually measured in __________.

micrometers

produces heat

muscular system

The cervical region is the

neck

As a surgeon you have sent tissue to the lab for evaluation of the presence of cancer. You would send it to a____________.

pathology lab

bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

pelvic cavity

All vertebrates have specific identifying characteristics during some point of development. A partial listing of these characteristics is

pharyngeal pouches, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and segmentation

The perineal region is the

region between the external genitals and the anus.

Which organ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide, and contains many air tubes?

respiratory

Which structure is not covered by visceral serosa?

ribs

Which system of the body forms blood cells?

skeletal system

produces blood cells

skeletal systems

Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity?

spinal cord

During the process of ________, noncellular artifacts can be introduced into histology samples.

staining

As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to

the infero-medial aspect of the back.

An example of an organ is

the intestine

The extremities are the same as

the limbs.

The _____ is the proximal region of the lower limb.

thigh

The femoral region is the

thigh

What point or structure in the body is located farthest laterally? (Hint: Questions always refer to the body in the anatomical position.)

tip of thumb

Muscle fibers are cells that contain actin, myosin, and other accessory proteins. When these cells are collected together, they can all function as a unit, carrying out the shortening capabilities of muscle. When multiple cells with a similar function come together, it is an example of the

tissue level

The inguinal region lies

where the thigh joins the trunk.

A CT scan produces an image of a transverse section of the body.

True

Angiography imaging is used primarily in the study of blood supply to the heart wall and brain.

True

Pathological anatomy deals with structural changes caused by disease.

True

The smallest living unit is

a cell

Someone studying anatomy using the systemic approach could study __________.

all the digestive organs

A histologist examines a specimen that has an epithelium overlying some smooth muscle. This specimen is part of

an organ

The eye is ________ to the occipital region.

anterior

The pubic area is ________ to the gluteal region.

anterior

The sternal region is ________ to the scapular region.

anterior

The umbilical region is ________ to the lumbar region.

anterior

The axillary artery is found in the region of the

armpit

Identity one function of the organ system illustrated here. (Lymphatic System)

carries fluid from body tissues back to the blood vascular system

When many molecules come together to form organelles that become compartmentalized into a single structure that works as a unit, you have an example of the

cellular level

When a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is used to prepare tissue for light microscopy, which tissue component is stained by the basic, dark stain hematoxylin?

cellular nuclei

A "C-collar" is often placed around the neck of an accident victim by first responders to stabilize the neck until it can be evaluated in the emergency room. The "C" stands for__________.

cervical

Oxygen and hydrogen combine with one another to form water; this is an example of the ______________of organization.

chemical level

The appendicular region __________.

consists of the arms, legs, feet, and hands

A frontal plane is the same as a ________ plane.

coronal

If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the __________ or the __________ plane.

coronal; transverse

Parietal peritoneum covers the __________.

deep surface of the wall of the abdominal cavity

Which of the following pairs of organs/structures is located ipsilateral?

descending colon : spleen

Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages?

developmental anatomy

The dorsal hollow nerve cord

develops into the brain and spinal cord.

Which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

The olecranal region is __________ to the acromial region.

distal

Which set of orientation and directional terms is NOT correctly matched with its opposite?

distal: superior

The ________ body cavity contains the brain.

dorsal

An example of a tissue in the body is

epithelium

What is the advantage of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) over positron emission tomography (PET)?

fMRI pinpoints smaller brain areas, does not use radioactive tracers, and works faster.

In anatomical position, the palms of the hands face medially toward the thighs.

false

Serous cavities contain air.

false

The mediastinum contains the trachea and lungs.

false

Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant?

gallbladder

The inguinal region is located _____ to the umbilical region.

inferior

Which organ system covers the external surface of the body, but not the internal surface of the mouth?

intergumentary

The axillary region is ________ to the sternum.

lateral

The thumb is ________ to the index finger.

lateral

Which structure is not present in the mediastinum?

lung

Which organ system includes the spinal cord?

nervous

Portions of the __________ persist throughout life as the cores of the discs between vertebrae.

notochord

The small intestine contains epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. The combination of these different tissue types to form one discrete structure is an example of the

organ level

The pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and other hormone-producing organs all work together to help the body send hormones through the blood stream and respond to internal changes. This is an example of the

organ system level

The levels of structural organization in order of decreasing complexity are __________.

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical

Which listed organ is included in both the reproductive system and the endocrine system?

ovaries

The word __________ always refers to the part of the serosa that lines a body cavity.

parietal

Identify the membranes that line the cavity surrounding the lungs.

parietal and visceral pleura

The area of the lower limb that refers to the posterior side of the knee is the __________ region.

popliteal

A physician viewing an injury to the back would look at the patient's ________ side.

posterior

The knee is ________ to the foot.

proximal

The gallbladder and a portion of the transverse colon lie in the __________ quadrant.

right upper

Use the illustration to identify the abdominal quadrants in which the stomach is located.

right upper quadrant and left upper quadrant

The acromial region is ________ to the scapular region.

superior

The chest is ________ to the abdomen.

superior

The gluteal region is ________ to the popliteal region.

superior

The lip is ________ to the chin.

superior

The pelvic cavity contains __________.

the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs

Sonography is effectively used for viewing all of the following EXCEPT __________.

the brain and spinal cord

The coxal region is

the hip.

The popliteal region is

the posterior surface of the knee.

The ________ cavity contains the heart and lungs.

thoracic

The body region containing the axillary, sternal, and mammary regions is the _____.

thorax

The main purpose of fixation is

to preserve the tissue

A cross section is the same as a __________.

transverse plane

A transverse plane could cut the head off the body!

true

All vertebrate embryos have a dorsal hollow nerve cord.

true

EM has much greater resolution than LM.

true

Serous cavities include the pleural cavity.

true

The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a vertebral cavity.

true

The peritoneal cavity is a serous cavity.

true

The elimination of nitrogenous wastes from body fluids is regulated by the ________ system.

urinary

Which system of the body eliminates nitrogenous wastes and regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood?

urinary

composed of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

ventral body cavity

Which structures are evidence of the vertebrate characteristic of segmentation?

vertebral column

Which statement concerning the anatomical position is FALSE?

The person is lying down, as straight as possible.

A coronal section through the human body can

pass through both ears.