Mastering A&P Chapter 1
Which letter indicates the hallux?
E
synthesizes vitamin D
Integumentary system
What is the purpose of the serous fluid that is located between visceral and parietal serosa?
It allows organs to slide with little friction against each other and against the cavity walls.
Which of the following statements are accurate concerning light microscopy?
It is limited because it cannot produce sharp images of structures within cells.
Which statement about visceral serosa is false?
It lines the internal surface of hollow organs.
What is the main advantage of MRI as a medical imaging technique?
It shows soft tissues very clearly.
Bilateral symmetry can apply to objects as well as to animal bodies. Which of the following capital letters of the alphabet is not bilaterally symmetrical?
L
The roots of anatomical terminology lie mainly in
Latin and Greek
heart, esophagus, and trachea
Mediastinum
Inner Tube
Pharynx, Digestive Tube, Lungs
lung
Pleural Cavity
The femoral region is ________ to the plantar region.
Proximal
This branch of anatomy studies internal body structures by means of MRI, sonography, and other imaging techniques.
Radiographic anatomy
keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen
Respiratory system
What is the major difference in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) when compared to light microscopy (LM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM)?
SEM uses whole, unsectioned surfaces that are covered in carbon and gold dust.
Which of the following is FALSE concerning serosae?
Serosae are dry membranes, because they do not open to body surfaces.
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Tube
Spinal Cord, Brain
What is the function of serous membranes?
They reduce friction so that viscera move freely.
Ultrasound techniques are used to image a fetus because they are less damaging than other techniques.
True
regulates water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance of the blood
Urinary
Segmented Outer Tube
Vertebrae, Muscle Segments
Spinal Cord
Vertebral cavity
As a physician, you are evaluating a blood vessel abnormality in a 35-year-old male's brain. The technique which would be least useful would be________.
a PET scan
In which body cavity are the organs of this body system located? (Urinary System)
abdominopelvic cavity
The buccal region is the
cheeks
The "CT" in "CT scanning" stands for
computed tomography
The words anatomy and dissection both derive from Greek word meaning __________.
cut apart
Bones lie __________ to muscles.
deep
Muscles are ________ to the skin.
deep
The brain is ________ to the skull.
deep
The heart is ________ to the sternum.
deep
The ankle lies ________ to the thigh.
distal
The dorsal body cavity __________.
encloses the brain and spinal cord
Hormones are regulatory proteins that are secreted by the ________ system.
endocrine
Which organ system includes the pancreas, thymus, testes, and pituitary gland?
endocrine
Which letter indicates the occipital region?
A
digestive viscera and kidneys
Abdominal cavity
Which letter indicates the acromial region?
B
Which letter indicates the umbilical region?
B
Which letter indicates the inguinal region?
C
Which letter indicates the scapular region?
C
transports blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes
Cardiovascular system
Which of the following terms indicates the neck region?
Cervical
Which letter indicates the femoral region?
D
Which letter indicates the lumbar region?
D
Which of the following is true regarding the anatomical position?
Directional terminology refers to the body in this position.
Which letter indicates the popliteal region?
E
Knowledge of this branch of anatomy helps one understand the complex design of the adult human body and helps to explain birth defects.
Embryology
This branch of anatomy explores how organs and body structures work and assesses the efficiency of their design.
Functional morphology
This is the study of body structures that can be examined with the naked eye-bones, lungs, and muscles for example.
Gross anatomy
This is the study of microscopic structures including cells, tissues, and microscopic details of organs.
Histology
This is the study of shapes and landmarks that reveal underlying organs.
Surface Anatomy
Which organ system consists of vessels that do not carry blood, but pick up fluids (and some cells) that are leaked from the blood?
lymphatic
Large molecules such as proteins are called
macromolecules
Which advanced imaging technique is capable of distinguishing body tissues on the basis of differences in water content, and makes bones "invisible"?
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
The sternal region is __________ to the axillary region.
medial
Another name for the midsagittal plane is
median
Cells, organelles, and tissues are usually measured in __________.
micrometers
produces heat
muscular system
The cervical region is the
neck
As a surgeon you have sent tissue to the lab for evaluation of the presence of cancer. You would send it to a____________.
pathology lab
bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
pelvic cavity
All vertebrates have specific identifying characteristics during some point of development. A partial listing of these characteristics is
pharyngeal pouches, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and segmentation
The perineal region is the
region between the external genitals and the anus.
Which organ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide, and contains many air tubes?
respiratory
Which structure is not covered by visceral serosa?
ribs
Which system of the body forms blood cells?
skeletal system
produces blood cells
skeletal systems
Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity?
spinal cord
During the process of ________, noncellular artifacts can be introduced into histology samples.
staining
As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to
the infero-medial aspect of the back.
An example of an organ is
the intestine
The extremities are the same as
the limbs.
The _____ is the proximal region of the lower limb.
thigh
The femoral region is the
thigh
What point or structure in the body is located farthest laterally? (Hint: Questions always refer to the body in the anatomical position.)
tip of thumb
Muscle fibers are cells that contain actin, myosin, and other accessory proteins. When these cells are collected together, they can all function as a unit, carrying out the shortening capabilities of muscle. When multiple cells with a similar function come together, it is an example of the
tissue level
The inguinal region lies
where the thigh joins the trunk.
A CT scan produces an image of a transverse section of the body.
True
Angiography imaging is used primarily in the study of blood supply to the heart wall and brain.
True
Pathological anatomy deals with structural changes caused by disease.
True
The smallest living unit is
a cell
Someone studying anatomy using the systemic approach could study __________.
all the digestive organs
A histologist examines a specimen that has an epithelium overlying some smooth muscle. This specimen is part of
an organ
The eye is ________ to the occipital region.
anterior
The pubic area is ________ to the gluteal region.
anterior
The sternal region is ________ to the scapular region.
anterior
The umbilical region is ________ to the lumbar region.
anterior
The axillary artery is found in the region of the
armpit
Identity one function of the organ system illustrated here. (Lymphatic System)
carries fluid from body tissues back to the blood vascular system
When many molecules come together to form organelles that become compartmentalized into a single structure that works as a unit, you have an example of the
cellular level
When a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is used to prepare tissue for light microscopy, which tissue component is stained by the basic, dark stain hematoxylin?
cellular nuclei
A "C-collar" is often placed around the neck of an accident victim by first responders to stabilize the neck until it can be evaluated in the emergency room. The "C" stands for__________.
cervical
Oxygen and hydrogen combine with one another to form water; this is an example of the ______________of organization.
chemical level
The appendicular region __________.
consists of the arms, legs, feet, and hands
A frontal plane is the same as a ________ plane.
coronal
If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the __________ or the __________ plane.
coronal; transverse
Parietal peritoneum covers the __________.
deep surface of the wall of the abdominal cavity
Which of the following pairs of organs/structures is located ipsilateral?
descending colon : spleen
Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages?
developmental anatomy
The dorsal hollow nerve cord
develops into the brain and spinal cord.
Which structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
The olecranal region is __________ to the acromial region.
distal
Which set of orientation and directional terms is NOT correctly matched with its opposite?
distal: superior
The ________ body cavity contains the brain.
dorsal
An example of a tissue in the body is
epithelium
What is the advantage of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) over positron emission tomography (PET)?
fMRI pinpoints smaller brain areas, does not use radioactive tracers, and works faster.
In anatomical position, the palms of the hands face medially toward the thighs.
false
Serous cavities contain air.
false
The mediastinum contains the trachea and lungs.
false
Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant?
gallbladder
The inguinal region is located _____ to the umbilical region.
inferior
Which organ system covers the external surface of the body, but not the internal surface of the mouth?
intergumentary
The axillary region is ________ to the sternum.
lateral
The thumb is ________ to the index finger.
lateral
Which structure is not present in the mediastinum?
lung
Which organ system includes the spinal cord?
nervous
Portions of the __________ persist throughout life as the cores of the discs between vertebrae.
notochord
The small intestine contains epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. The combination of these different tissue types to form one discrete structure is an example of the
organ level
The pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and other hormone-producing organs all work together to help the body send hormones through the blood stream and respond to internal changes. This is an example of the
organ system level
The levels of structural organization in order of decreasing complexity are __________.
organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical
Which listed organ is included in both the reproductive system and the endocrine system?
ovaries
The word __________ always refers to the part of the serosa that lines a body cavity.
parietal
Identify the membranes that line the cavity surrounding the lungs.
parietal and visceral pleura
The area of the lower limb that refers to the posterior side of the knee is the __________ region.
popliteal
A physician viewing an injury to the back would look at the patient's ________ side.
posterior
The knee is ________ to the foot.
proximal
The gallbladder and a portion of the transverse colon lie in the __________ quadrant.
right upper
Use the illustration to identify the abdominal quadrants in which the stomach is located.
right upper quadrant and left upper quadrant
The acromial region is ________ to the scapular region.
superior
The chest is ________ to the abdomen.
superior
The gluteal region is ________ to the popliteal region.
superior
The lip is ________ to the chin.
superior
The pelvic cavity contains __________.
the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs
Sonography is effectively used for viewing all of the following EXCEPT __________.
the brain and spinal cord
The coxal region is
the hip.
The popliteal region is
the posterior surface of the knee.
The ________ cavity contains the heart and lungs.
thoracic
The body region containing the axillary, sternal, and mammary regions is the _____.
thorax
The main purpose of fixation is
to preserve the tissue
A cross section is the same as a __________.
transverse plane
A transverse plane could cut the head off the body!
true
All vertebrate embryos have a dorsal hollow nerve cord.
true
EM has much greater resolution than LM.
true
Serous cavities include the pleural cavity.
true
The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a vertebral cavity.
true
The peritoneal cavity is a serous cavity.
true
The elimination of nitrogenous wastes from body fluids is regulated by the ________ system.
urinary
Which system of the body eliminates nitrogenous wastes and regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood?
urinary
composed of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
ventral body cavity
Which structures are evidence of the vertebrate characteristic of segmentation?
vertebral column
Which statement concerning the anatomical position is FALSE?
The person is lying down, as straight as possible.
A coronal section through the human body can
pass through both ears.
