Mastering A&P Quiz Quesitons

Adult onset diabetes, diabetes type 2, can best be described using which of the following concepts? A) Constantly high blood sugar leads to high insulin release. High amounts of insulin lead to down-regulation of insulin receptors. B) Constantly high blood sugar leads to high insulin release. High levels of insulin cause up-regulation of insulin receptors. C) Constantly high blood sugar leads to the release of glucagon. Glucagon causes gluconeogenesis, which makes blood sugar higher. D) Constantly high blood sugar leads to glucagon release. Glucagon is an antagonist to insulin, leading to a decrease in insulin.

A) Constantly high blood sugar leads to high insulin release. High amounts of insulin lead to down-regulation of insulin receptors.

Glucagon ________. A) triggers gluconeogenesis B) stimulates the absorption of glucose from the blood C) triggers the conversion of glucose into glycogen D) is considered a hypoglycemic hormone

A) Triggers gluconeogenesis

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________. A) binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP B) increasing the basal metabolic rate in the target organ C) altering gene expression in the nuclear DNA D) synthesizing more than one hormone at a time

A) binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP

Aldosterone ________. A) functions to increase sodium reabsorption B) production is greatly influenced by ACTH C) presence increases potassium concentration in the blood D) is secreted by the posterior pituitary

A) functions to increase sodium reabsorption

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ________. A) secretion is inhibited by alcohol B) promotes dehydration C) is produced by the anterior pituitary D) increases urine production

A) secretion is inhibited by alcohol

Which hormone aids in water reabsorption?

ADH

Which portion of the sperm contains the enzymes needed to penetrate the oocyte?

Acrosome

What is the primary function of hormones?

Act as chemical messengers that regulate the metabolic function of cells in the body

What hormone is released by the anterior pituitary to target the adrenal cortex when the body is under stress?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which hormone is essential to our ability to maintain our fluid levels?

Aldosterone

You may predict that iodized salt may be effective in preventing all EXCEPT which of the following? A) congenital hypothyroidism B) Graves' disease C) endemic goiter D) myxedema

B) Grave's disease (Grave's is autoimmune and cannot be prevented by iodized salt)

Spermatogenesis ________. A) is the process of releasing mature sperm cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule B) involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes C) involves a two-part process called mitosis I and mitosis II D) results in the formation of diploid cells

B) Involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes

Of the following statements, select the statement that is NOT true of uterine function. A) The endometrium has a functional layer that the embryo will implant into. B) The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization. C) The myometrium contracts to expel the fetus during childbirth. D) The rhythmic, reverse peristalsis of the uterus can propel sperm toward the egg.

B) The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization

Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is NOT true? A) The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids. B) The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes. C) Each spermatid forms two sperm. D) The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte.

C) Each spermatid forms two sperm

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________. A) enter the hepatic portal system, which feeds the pituitary B) travel by arteries to the pituitary C) first enter into the hypophyseal portal system D) enter venous circulation and travel to the heart, which pumps the hormone-containing blood to the pituitary

C) First enter into the hypophyseal portal system

Which of the following is the result of meiosis during spermatogenesis? A) shedding of excess cytoplasm B) formation of flagellum C) production of haploid cells D) formation of semen

C) Production of haploid cells

Which of the following statements is true of amino acid-based hormones? A) They are lipid soluble. B) They cross the plasma membrane. C) They require a receptor in the plasma membrane. D) They are synthesized from cholesterol.

C) They require a receptor in the plasma membrane

Which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a fertilized egg? A) myometrium B) perimetrium C) stratum functionalis of the endometrium D) stratum basalis of the endometrium

C) stratum functionalis of the endometrium

The duct system of the male reproductive system includes all but which of the following? epididymis, corpus spongiosum, urethra, ductus deferens

Corpus spongiosum

Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ________.

Cortisol

A man who has had a successful orchiectomy may still be able to have children because ______. A) the remaining testis is able, by itself, to produce a sufficient amount of testosterone B) the seminiferous tubules of the remaining testis are still active C) the epididymis posterior to the remaining testis is still functional D) All of the listed responses are correct.

D) All of the listed responses are correct

Hypocalcemia could be caused by the ______. A) apoptosis of parathyroid cells B) failure of osteoclasts to respond to PTH (parathyroid hormone/parathormone) C) malfunction of the parathormone receptors in kidney tubule cells D) All of the listed responses are correct.

D) All of the listed responses are correct

Undersecretion of anterior pituitary hormones in children causes several of the following conditions. Which of these would NOT be linked to insufficient hormones from the anterior pituitary? A) possible disproportion of body parts B) pituitary dwarfism C) failure to sexually mature D) all of the listed responses are possible conditions of undersecretion.

D) All of the listed responses are possible conditions of undersecretion

Which of the following triggers the release of glucagon? A) hyperglycemia B) release of insulin C) release of somatostatin D) prolonged fasting

D) prolonged fasting

Hormones often cause multiple responses in a cell. This is because ______.

During protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes

Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone? cortisol, estrogen, epinephrine, aldosterone

Epinephrine

The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.

Failure of the testes to make their normal descent

True or false? Direct gene activation involves a second-messenger system.

False

True or false? The prostate atrophies as a man ages, and it usually causes no health problems.

False

True or false? When it is cold, the scrotum is pulled away from the body.

False

Which pancreatic hormone functions to raise blood glucose levels?

Glucagon

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that travel through the blood and regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________.

Hormones

Enterochromaffin-like cells of the gastric mucosa can be triggered to release histamine. Histamine, in this case, causes nearby parietal cells of the stomach lining to produce hydrochloric acid. The effect of histamine on parietal cells would best be described as a(n) ________.

Paracrine

What kind of feedback is oxytocin release?

Positive feedback control mechanism

Why are the male testes located in the scrotum, outside the abdominopelvic cavity?

Spermatogenesis is temperature sensitive

What best describes gluconeogenesis?

Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances

Which cellular organelle is the site of synthesis of amino acid-based hormones? Which cellular organelle is the site of synthesis of steroid hormones?

The ribosome; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The various hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary that regulate the secretion of hormones from other endocrine organs are called __________.

Tropins

True or false? The beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin.

True

True or false? The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenesis.

True

True or false? Type 2 diabetes mellitus may reflect declining receptor sensitivity to insulin rather than decreased insulin production.

True

If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain?

Twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur.

Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.

entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

Where is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) made?

hypothalamus

The major targets of growth hormone are ________.

Liver, bones, and skeletal muscle

Upon landing at the airport in Lagos, Nigeria, Eric feels wide awake even though the local time is 11pm. Which synthetic hormone supplement could he administer to help adjust to the new time zone?

Melatonin

Pheochromocytoma produces symptoms of uncontrolled sympathetic nervous system activity. What secretion is common to both adrenal chromaffin cells and adrenergic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system?

Norepinephrine