Mastering A+P_Chapter 25_Digestive System_Part 2

Which number represents the pylorus of the stomach?

14

Structures that unite to form the common bile duct include: (1) duodenal ampulla (2) porta hepatis (3) cystic duct (4) common hepatic duct (5) duodenal papilla

3,4

Which of the following small intestinal regions is both retroperitoneal and the recipient of the pancreatic enzymes?

Duodenum

Which subdivision of the small intestine is connected to the pylorus?

Duodenum

The fundus is the region of the stomach inferior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus, also known as the gastroesophageal junction.

False

The stomach mucosa contains numerous shallow depressions called ________.

Gastric pits

Which hepatic vessel supplies nutrients and other chemicals absorbed from the small intestine to the liver?

Hepatic portal vein

Which of the following components of the small intestine do(es) NOT increase the absorptive surface area?

Lacteal

Which feature is seen on the medial surface of the stomach?

Lesser curvature

When identifying the mesenteries of the stomach, called omenta, the _____ omentum is attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the _____ omentum is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach.

Lesser, greater

Circulating levels of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids are regulated by which digestive organ?

Liver

Injury to the liver would NOT affect the __________.

Production of vitamin k

Which portion of the stomach opens into the duodenum?

Pyloric canal

The ________ is the region of the stomach, which extends to the entrance to the duodenum and whose muscular sphincter regulates the passage of materials into the duodenum.

Pylorus

The inferior third of the esophageal muscularis mucosae consists of which tissue?

Smooth muscle

Which of the following organs is NOT associated with the production or use of bile?

Stomach

Slides of the esophagus often also include cross-sections of the trachea because of their close proximity. What features could you use to distinguish between the two organs?

The esophagus has a stratified squamous mucosa, whereas the trachea is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

How does the anatomy of the stomach contrast with other regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

The muscularis externa of the stomach includes an oblique muscle layer.

Goblet cells are more abundant in the mucosal epithelium of the large intestine than in the small intestine.

True

Neither the upper nor the lower portion of the esophagus has a well-defined sphincter muscle comparable to those located elsewhere along the digestive tract.

True

Ninety percent of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, and most of the rest occurs in the proximal portion of the large intestine.

True

To date, more than 200 different functions have been attributed to the liver, such as the inactivation of toxins and the storage or iron reserves and fat-soluble vitamins.

True

Problems caused by reduced bile secretion may include ________.

a reduced ability to digest lipids

Folds in the lining of the esophagus __________.

allow for the expansion of the lumen as food is passing through

Seeds and other small particles may become entrapped in the appendix and cause inflammation in which portion of the large intestine?

cecum

The lining of the small intestine bears a series of transverse folds called ________, which are a permanent feature of the intestinal lining.

circular folds

The pylorus does NOT __________.

contact the diaphragm muscle

The accessory pancreatic duct empties into which structure?

duodenum

Which of the following is/are described as the series of pouches that are formed by the colon wall?

haustra

The right colic flexure is also known as which of the following?

hepatic flexure

The longest portion of the small intestine is the ________.

ileum

The ________ arteries supplies the majority of the blood to the large intestine?

inferior and superior mesenteric arteries

Sympathetic innervation of the digestive system ________.

inhibits gastric activity

Which fold of mesentery extends from the liver to the stomach and the first segment of the duodenum?

lesser omentum

During the late phase of the swallowing process, the approach of the bolus triggers the opening of the weak ________, and the bolus then continues into the stomach.

lower esophageal sphincter

Which of the following increases the surface area for digestion and absorption in the mucosa of the small intestine?

microvilli

The mucosa of the esophagus contains an abrasion-resistant ________.

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Food that is going to reach the stomach has to pass through which portions of the pharynx?

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Which of the following structures functions to increase the surface area of the small intestine for the purpose of increasing its absorptive abilities?

plicae

The pancreas is an organ whose activities are primarily devoted to the __________.

production of enzymes to assist in digestion and absorption of nutrients

Which of the following disappear(s) as the stomach fills?

rugae

Which of the following are functions of the gallbladder?

storage and modification of bile

Which feature provides protection for the interior surface of the stomach against the acids and enzymes in the gastric lumen?

the carpet of mucus secreted by the columnar epithelium, which covers the luminal portions of the stomach

The pancreas produces a large number of the enzymes used to perform chemical digestion of the foods we eat. Where do these enzymes enter the alimentary canal?

the duodenum at the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Which organ receives the blood returning from the digestive tract (stomach, small and large intestine) carrying absorbed nutrients?

the liver via the hepatic portal vein

What is the primary function of the gastric folds, also known as rugae?

to allow the lumen of the stomach to expand

What is the function of the pancreas?

to secrete digestive enzymes and buffers