Mastering Microbiology Ch 8 --Bauman 5th Ed

In general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene?

To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene

Plants or animals that contain genes from other organisms are called __________ organisms.

Transgenic -Transgenic organisms contain genes from other organisms. An example of this would be a plant that contains bacterial genes that keep the plant from freezing.

Which of the following statements regarding vectors is FALSE?

Vectors are generally over 100,000 base pairs in size.

Which of the following is an example of xenotransplantation?

implanting pig heart valves into a human heart

Xenotransplants

involving Recombinant DNA technology, human genes would be inserted into animals to produce cells, tissues, or organs for introduction into the human body

Mutagens are useful in biotechnology research for

producing organisms with altered phenotypes

Recombinant DNA technology

Aka Genetic engineering is a collection of tools and techniques scientists use to manipulate the genomes of organisms to benefit humans.

DNA encoding a normal gene is inserted into cells from a patient with a defective form of the gene. Recombinant cells are identified and isolated, and returned to the patient's body. This is an example of

Gene Therapy

Which application of recombinant DNA technology involves replacing a nonfunctional, mutated gene with a functional gene?

Gene Therapy

Genomics is the sequencing, analysis, and comparison of __________.

Genome

Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell?

It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein.

Which of the following statements is true concerning Recombinant DNA Technology

It involves modification of an organism's genome.

A(n) __________ is any chemical or physical agent that produces mutations.

Mutagen

__________ make good vectors because they are more stable inside cells than are linear fragments of DNA.

Plasmids

Gel Electrophoresis is used in

Southern Blotting

Vector

a small DNA molecule (such as viral genome, transposon, or plasmid) that carries a particular gene and a recognizable genetic marker into a cell. transmits diseases ie mosquitos

Gel Electrophoresis

a technique for separating molecules (including fragments of nucleic acids) by size, shape, and electrical charge.

Gene Therapy

a technique that replaces a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome

Transgenic Organisms

aka- genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are plants and animals that have been genetically altered by the inclusion of genes from other organisms.

Which of the following is generally NOT considered an ethical issue regarding recombinant DNA technology?

answering basic research questions

Mutagens

are physical or chemical agents that can produce mutations (heritable changes in the nucleotide sequence of a genome).

A DNA gene synthesized from an RNA template is

complementary DNA

Transgenic organisms

contain genes from other organisms

The process of identifying individuals by their unique DNA sequences as determined by a pattern of fragments on an electrophoresis gel is called DNA __________.

fingerprinting

During gel electrophoresis, __________ DNA molecules move faster than __________ DNA molecules.

smaller; larger

The enzyme reverse transcriptase

synthesizes DNA from an RNA template