Mastering Microbiology- Chapter 26- Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Non-gonococcal urethritis is commonly caused by __________.

Chlamydia trachomatis

Which of the following is the most common cause of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)? Chlamydia trachomatis Treponema pallidum Human herpesvirus-2 Candida albicans

Chlamydia trachomatis

A clinical microbiologist detects clue cells from a vaginal swab of a patient. These cells are diagnostic of infection associated with __________.

Gardnerella vaginalis

Which of the following is the etiologic agent of bacterial vaginosis? Gardnerella vaginalis Trichomonas vaginalis Chlamydia trachomatis Candida albicans

Gardnerella vaginalis

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is characterized by lesions that first disappear and later recur? Candidiasis Genital herpes Lymphogranuloma venereum Gonorrhea

Genital herpes

Which of these statements about genital herpes is true? Valacyclovir will cure genital herpes. There is a vaccine available for preventing genital herpes. Genital herpes can be transmitted only when lesions are present. Genital herpes can be caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Genital herpes can be caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Which of the following is NOT a possible result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? Sterility Genital warts Ectopic pregnancy Chronic pain

Genital warts

One of the most common reportable communicable diseases in the United States is __________, an STI caused by a gram-negative diplococcus.

Gonorrhea

All of the following methods are used for diagnosis of syphilis EXCEPT __________. fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test rapid plasmid reagin (RPR) test VDRL test Gram staining darkfield microscopy

Gram staining

A patient has an STI characterized by sporadically recurring, painful, fluid-filled blisters in the genital area. A Gram stain and bacterial culture indicate the presence of normal bacterial microbiota. What is the most likely etiologic agent?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Which of the following does NOT correctly represent a stage of syphilis? Primary stage: chancre at initial site Secondary stage: skin lesions on palm and any surface area of the body Incubation: 3- to 5-day incubation period Tertiary stage: cardiovascular and neurological damage Latent stage: no symptoms but can persist for life

Incubation: 3- to 5-day incubation period

Which of the following diseases is commonly found in the tropical and near-tropical regions? Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) Syphilis Pelvic inflammatory disease Gonorrhea

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

Which of the following statements is NOT true of pelvic inflammatory disease? The most common causative agents are Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. It may involve infection of the uterus, cervix, uterine tubes, or ovaries. Most infections are resolved without treatment. It may result in infertility. Barrier contraceptives and spermicide use may prevent infection.

Most infections are resolved without treatment.

A 20-year-old male reports to an STI clinic with symptoms of painful urination. A Gram stain of urethral exudate reveals gram-negative diplococci inside leukocytes. What is the causative agent of the patient's symptoms?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Which of these statements about gonorrhea is true? Most women infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae experience headaches and nausea. Most isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are susceptible to penicillin. Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Neisseria gonorrhoeae can disseminate from the genital area to the joints, causing arthritis. Infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae give rise to long-lasting immunity.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae can disseminate from the genital area to the joints, causing arthritis.

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing condition that may lead to candidiasis? Use of oral contraceptives Papillomavirus infection Pregnancy Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics

Papillomavirus infection

A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency room complaining of low abdominal pain and a fever. As she walks into the examination room, she is slightly stooped over and says that even walking is painful. She indicates that intercourse has been painful for the past week and evidence of purulent vaginal discharge is noted during a pelvic exam. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about neonatal herpes? The virus cannot cross the placenta. Most infections of the newborn occur from exposure to Herpes Simplex Virus during delivery. Disseminated viral infections can result in death of the newborn. Treatment usually involves intravenous administration of acyvlovir.

The virus cannot cross the placenta.

Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to genital warts? They are associated with increased risk of cervical carcinoma. They are caused by a disease of the tropics that is uncommon in the United States. They are caused by papillomaviruses. They can cause irritation and intense itching. They are sexually transmitted.

They are caused by a disease of the tropics that is uncommon in the United States.

Microscopic examination of the vaginal discharge of a patient with vaginitis reveals flagellated eukaryotic cells. What infection does the patient have?

Trichomoniasis

Which of the following is NOT included in the TORCH panel of tests? Rubella Trichomoniasis Cytomegalovirus Toxoplasmosis

Trichomoniasis

Salpingitis is an infection of which part of the female reproductive tract?

Uterine tubes

All of the following are potentially predisposing conditions for vaginitis EXCEPT __________. a vaginal pH of 4.5 or lower increased sugar concentration in the vagina treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics decrease in lactobacilli population estrogen imbalance

a vaginal pH of 4.5 or lower

Which of the following does NOT pertain to vaginitis? Always sexually transmitted Diabetes mellitus and use of contraceptive pills increase risk Increased frequency in menopause patients Usually caused by opportunistic microbes Increased frequency in pregnant patients

always sexually transmitted

A mother infected with gonorrhea has transmitted the disease to her infant as he passed through the birth canal. This infection in the infant is called __________.

ophthalmia neonatorum

In which stage of syphilis does a chancre develop at the site of infection?

primary stage

Infection of the uterine tubes, or __________, is the most serious form of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

salpingitis

Most infections of the reproductive system are transmitted by sexual activity and are therefore called __________.

sexually transmitted infections

A patient has a painless lesion on his penis, followed by a rash on his palms and soles. The most likely diagnosis is __________.

syphilis