Maternity Ch 30
What interventions would the nurse apply to support the breastfeeding mother? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. Assist the mother to begin breastfeeding within the first hour after birth. 2. Have the baby returned to the nursery after feeding so that the mother can get adequate rest. 3. Teach the mother to recognize and respond to early infant feeding cues. 4. Inform the mother about community resources that support breastfeeding. 5. Instruct the mother to avoid eating foods that might upset the newborn's stomach
1, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Throughout the first 2 hours after birth, but especially during the first hour of life, most infants are usually alert and ready to breastfeed. 3. The new mother should be taught to recognize and respond to early infant feeding cues. The timing of newborn feedings is ideally determined by physiologic and behavioral cues rather than a set schedule. 4. It is important that parents receive verbal and written instructions and community resource information to which they can later refer.
The nurse is preparing a class on breastfeeding for pregnant women in their first trimester. The women are from a variety of cultural backgrounds, and all speak English well. Which statement should the nurse include in this presentation? 1. "Although some cultures believe colostrum is not good for the baby, it provides protection from infections and helps the digestive system to function." 2. "Some women are uncomfortable with exposing their breasts to nurse their infant, but it really isn't a big deal. You will get used to it." 3. "No religion prescribes a feeding method, so you all can choose whatever method makes the most sense to you." 4. "In most cultures, it is culturally acceptable to speak about intimate matters in front of their families."
Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Although it is true that some cultures believe colostrum to be unhealthy, colostrum helps to protect the infant from disease and illness.
The nurse is teaching a prenatal class about feeding methods. A father-to-be asks the nurse which method, breast or formula, leads to the fastest infant growth and weight gain. Which response by the nurse is best? 1. "In the first 3 to 4 months breastfed babies tend to gain weight faster." 2. "In the first 3 to 4 months there is no difference in weight gain." 3. "In the first 3 to 4 months bottle-fed babies grow faster." 4. "In the first 3 to 4 months growth isn't as important as your comfort with the method."
Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Exclusively breastfed infants have the same or slightly higher weight gain than their formula-fed and combination-fed peers in the first 3 to 4 months.
When is breastfeeding contraindicated? 1. Infant has hypertension 2. Mother has a history of treated tuberculosis 3. Mother is HIV positive or has AIDS 4. Mother has a history of treated herpes
Answer: 3 Explanation: 3. Breastfeeding is contraindicated when the mother is HIV positive or has AIDS and is counseled against breastfeeding.
What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of formula-feeding that a nurse should discuss with new parents? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. The nutritional value of formula depends on the proper preparation/dilution. 2. There is a potential for bacterial contamination during preparation and storage. 3. Both parents can participate in positive parent-infant interaction during feeding. 4. Refrigeration is not necessary if preparing more than one bottle at a time. 5. Formula has higher levels of essential fatty acids, lactose, cystine, and cholesterol than does breast milk.
Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Formula composition does not vary unless the instructions for preparation and dilution are not followed. 2. Bacteria can be introduced if bottles and nipples are not properly cleaned. 3. If a mother has chosen not to breastfeed, then the father can be involved with bottle feedings from the start.
When teaching the new mother about the composition of breast milk, the nurse explains that the fat content can range from 30 to 50 grams/liter. Which factors affect the fat content of breast milk? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. Maternal parity 2. Duration of pregnancy 3. Stage of lactation 4. Time of day 5. Vitamin C intake
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Multiparous mothers produce milk with a lower content of fatty acids than primigravidas. 2. The milk of a mother who delivers a preterm infant has a greater concentration of DHA and ARA than does the milk of a mother who gives birth to a full-term infant. 3. Phospholipids and cholesterol levels are higher in colostrum than in mature milk, although overall fat content is higher in mature breast milk than in colostrum. 4. Fat content is generally higher in the evening and lower in the early morning.
What are the nurse's responsibilities when teaching the new mother about infant feeding? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. The nurse should be well informed about infant nutrition and feeding methods. 2. The nurse should provide accurate and consistent information. 3. The nurse should use each interaction to support the parents and promote the family's sense of confidence. 4. The nurse should familiarize the mother with information about community resources that might be helpful after discharge. 5. The nurse should aggressively promote breastfeeding, even if the parents have decided to bottle-feed their infant.
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. The nurse should provide information on maternal and infant nutrition, fluid requirements, and feeding methods. 2. The nurse should provide information that is accurate and consistent. Nurses have a responsibility to educate parents. 3. Every interaction is a chance to educate and support the new parents in learning how to care for the newborn. Nurses have a responsibility to educate parents. 4. It is important that parents receive verbal and written instructions and community resource information to which they can later refer.
A new mother is questioning the nurse about the advantages of breastfeeding her newborn. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching session? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. Breast milk has immunological advantages, including varying degrees of protection from bacterial and viral infections. 2. Breastfeeding has been shown to increase maternal-infant attachment. 3. Breastfeeding can be initially supplemented with bottle feedings so that the father does not feel left out of the infant's care. 4. Breastfeeding often causes nipple tenderness, and may be discouraged until healing occurs. 5. Breastfeeding provides a psychologic advantage to the mother, who derives satisfaction knowing that she is providing her infant with the optimal nutritional start in life.
Answer: 1, 2, 5 Explanation: 1. Secretory IgA, an immunoglobulin present in colostrum and mature breast milk, has antiviral, antibacterial, and antigenic-inhibiting properties. 2. Early breastfeeding can enhance maternal-infant bonding. 5. The mother's sense of accomplishment in being able to satisfy her baby's needs for nourishment and comfort can be a tremendous source of personal satisfaction.
Which statements by a breastfeeding class participant indicate that teaching by the nurse was effective? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. "Breastfed infants get more skin-to-skin contact and sleep better." 2. "Breastfeeding raises the level of a hormone that makes me feel good." 3. "Breastfeeding is complex and difficult, and I probably won't succeed." 4. "Breastfeeding is worthwhile, even if it costs more overall." 5. "Breastfed infants have fewer digestive and respiratory illnesses."
Answer: 1, 2, 5 Explanation: 1. Skin-to-skin contact after birth helps the baby maintain his or her body temperature, helps with self-regulation, increases maternal oxytocin levels, helps the mother to notice subtle feeding cues, and promotes bonding. 2. Hormones of lactation promote maternal feelings and sense of well-being. 5. This is a true statement. The immunologic advantages of human milk include varying degrees of protection from respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infections.
5) What is the primary carbohydrate in mammalian milk that plays a crucial role in the nourishment of the newborn? 1. Colostrum 2. Lactose 3. Lactoferrin 4. Secretory IgA
Answer: 2 Explanation: 2. Lactose is the primary carbohydrate in mammalian milk.
A new mother who is breastfeeding tells the nurse that her infant is spitting up frequently, has very loose stools and copious gas, and feeds for only short periods of time. The nurse suspects a feeding intolerance and, after questioning the mother about her diet, suggests that she do which of the following? 1. Stop breastfeeding and switch to formula. 2. Eliminate dairy products from her diet. 3. Supplement breastfeeding with a soy-based formula. 4. Offer the baby water between feedings.
Answer: 2 Explanation: 2. Breastfeeding babies may not be allergic to the mother's milk but rather to the cow's milk protein (an antigen) in the mother's milk. By eliminating the culprit (e.g., the bovine protein) from the mother's diet and therefore from the breast milk, the mother can continue to breastfeed, providing optimal nutrition and immune factors to her infant.
The community nurse is working with poor women who are formula-feeding their infants. Which statement indicates that the nurse's education session was effective? 1. "I should use only soy-based formula for the first year." 2. "I follow the instructions for mixing the powdered formula exactly." 3. "It is okay to add more water to the formula to make it last longer." 4. "The mixed formula can be left on the counter for a day."
Answer: 2 Explanation: 2. Powdered formula is the least expensive type of formula. Parents will need to be briefed on safety precautions during formula preparation and they should be instructed to follow the directions on the formula package label precisely as written.
The nurse is teaching a new mother how to encourage a sleepy baby to breastfeed. Which of the following instructions would not be included in that teaching? 1. Providing skin-to-skin contact 2. Swaddling the newborn in a blanket 3. Unwrapping the newborn 4. Allowing the newborn to feel and smell the mother's breast
Answer: 2 Explanation: 2. Remove the baby's blanket and clothing so that the infant is wearing only a diaper and T-shirt. Babies feed better when they are not bundled, and they can achieve better attachment without the bulk of extra clothing and blankets. Swaddling the newborn has the opposite effect.
The nurse is working with a new mother who delivered yesterday. The mother has chosen to breastfeed her infant. Which demonstration of skill is the best indicator that the client understands breastfeeding? 1. She puts the infant to breast when he is asleep to help wake him up. 2. She takes off her gown to achieve skin-to-skin contact. 3. She leans toward the infant so that he turns his head to access the nipple. 4. The infant is crying when he is brought to the breast.
Answer: 2 Explanation: 2. Skin-to-skin contact after birth helps the baby maintain his or her body temperature, helps with self-regulation, increases maternal oxytocin levels, helps the mother to notice subtle feeding cues, and promotes bonding.
A nurse is evaluating the diet plan of a breastfeeding mother, and determines that her intake of fruits and vegetables is inadequate. The nurse explains that the nutritional composition of the mother's breast milk can be adversely affected by this nutritional inadequacy. Which strategy should the nurse recommend to the mother? 1. Stop breastfeeding 2. Provide newborn supplements to the newborn 3. Offer whole milk 4. Supplement with skim milk
Answer: 2 Explanation: 2. The mother may continue to breastfeed, but the caregiver may choose to prescribe additional vitamins for the newborn. Vitamins in human milk are influenced by the mother's vitamin intake, general nutritional status, and genetic differences.
The nurse knows that in some cases, breastfeeding is not advisable. Which mother should be counseled against breastfeeding? 1. A mother with a poorly balanced diet 2. A mother who is overweight 3. A mother who is HIV positive 4. A mother who has twins
Answer: 3 Explanation: 3. Women with HIV or AIDS are counseled against breastfeeding.
What should the healthcare provider consider when prescribing a medication to a woman who is breastfeeding? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. Drug's potential effect on hormone production 2. Amount of drug excreted into the mother's blood 3. Drug's potential adverse effects to the infant 4. Infant's age and health 5. Mother's need for the medication
Answer: 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 3. The healthcare provider should consider the drug's potential adverse effects to the infant. 4. The healthcare provider should consider the infant's age and health. 5. The healthcare provider should consider the mother's need for the medication
Which of the following is a sign of dehydration in the newborn? 1. Slow, weak pulse 2. Soft, loose stools 3. Light colored, concentrated urine 4. Depressed fontanelles
Answer: 4 Explanation: 4. Depressed fontanelles are a sign of dehydration in the newborn.
A client at 20 weeks' gestation has not decided on a feeding method for her infant. She asks the nurse for advice. The nurse presents information about the advantages and disadvantages of formula-feeding and breastfeeding. Which statements by the client indicate that the teaching was successful? 1. "Formula-feeding gives the baby protection from infections." 2. "Breast milk cannot be stored; it has to be thrown away after pumping." 3. "Breastfeeding is more expensive than formula-feeding." 4. "My baby will have a lower risk of food allergies if I breastfeed."
Answer: 4 Explanation: 4. Secretory IgA, an immunoglobulin present in colostrum and mature breast milk, has antiviral, antibacterial, and antigenic-inhibiting properties and plays a role in decreasing the permeability of the small intestine to help prevent large protein molecules from triggering an allergic response.
The nurse is explaining the nutritional differences between breast milk and formula to an expectant couple. The mother-to-be asks whether breast milk is nutritionally superior to formula. What should the nurse reply? 1. The vitamins and minerals in formula are more bioavailable to the infant. 2. There is no cholesterol in breast milk. 3. The only carbohydrate in breast milk is lactose. 4. The ratio of whey to casein proteins in breast milk changes to meet the nutritional needs of the growing infant.
Answer: 4 Explanation: 4. The ratio of whey to casein proteins in breast milk, unlike that in formula, is not static. It changes to meet the nutritional needs of the growing infant.
