MBA 560 Ch 10
21) McClelland thinks that having a high nAch guarantees that a person will be a good manager.
False
23) Goal-setting theory shows that feedback from a superior provides better motivation than self-generated feedback.
False
8) Maslow argued that each level in the needs hierarchy must be substantially satisfied before the next becomes dominant.
True
10) In Maslow's system, a person takes care of social needs before worrying about personal safety.
False
13) Maslow's empirical studies provided substantial proof of the validity of his hierarchical model.
False
16) McGregor holds the opinion that managers are less successful when they adopt a Theory Y view of human nature.
False
18) In Herzberg's view, removing a factor of dissatisfaction makes a person more satisfied with his or her job.
False
2) Motivation is a drive that some people have and others don't have.
False
30) According to expectancy theory, managers should give all workers the same rewards.
False
31) Motivation theories do not work well in U.S. organizations because of the emphasis Americans place on individualism and achievement.
False
32) Job sharing improves production by allowing people to fit their jobs better into their lifestyles.
False
34) Telecommuting satisfies the needs of employees to interact socially.
False
36) Professionals are best motivated by extra pay and promotion within the organization.
False
38) Pay-for-performance programs pay employees for their time rather than for their output.
False
6) Most U.S. employees are excited about their jobs.
False
7) Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that all needs are sought after to an equal degree at all times.
False
4) Persistence is the amount of drive and intensity a person applies to a task.
False; energy
3) The three key elements in the definition of motivation are energy, direction, and achievement.
False; energy/direction/persistence
9) Maslow contends that lower-order needs are satisfied internally and higher-order needs are satisfied externally.
False; lower order - externally/higher order - internally
14) Most people enjoy work and responsibility and generally have a Theory X view of life.
False; theory Y
**20) McClelland proposed that people with a high nAch simply want to do things better than other people.
False
**72) Which of the following is true of the three early theories of motivation?
A) Herzberg focuses on job satisfaction.
39) Motivation is NOT ________.
A) a permanent personal trait
56) A manager with a Theory X view of human nature would ________.
A) be unlikely to allow workers to work independently
66) According to Herzberg, what controls satisfaction and motivation?
A) intrinsic factors
42) About ________ of the U.S. workforce is excited about work.
A) one-quarter
55) Theory X assumes that people work hard ________.
A) only when they are forced
44) Maslow sees food as being on the same level of need as which of the following?
A) sex
47) Maslow argued that once a need is substantially satisfied, ________.
A) the next need becomes dominant
53) ________ assumes that employees have little ambition, dislike work, and avoid responsibility.
B) Theory X
49) The key to motivation, according to Maslow, is to identify ________.
B) a person's level in the needs hierarchy
74) Which three needs are recognized in McClelland's three-needs theory?
B) achievement, power, affiliation
41) The direction of an individual's motivation can be channeled to benefit ________.
B) both individuals and/or organizations
45) According to Maslow, a person stranded on a desert island would ________ before she worried about making weapons.
B) build a house
60) According to Herzberg, which kind of characteristics are most closely associated with job dissatisfaction?
B) extrinsic things that come from the outside
50) Maslow's hierarchical model ________.
B) has never been validated by studies
59) Workers with a Theory Y point of view would be likely to ________.
B) love their job more than the money they make
63) According to Herzberg, favorable hygiene factors can cause an employee to feel ________.
B) not dissatisfied
64) According to Herzberg, the opposite of the state of being satisfied is ________.
B) not satisfied
46) An individual who wants to buy a home in a neighborhood with a low crime rate is satisfying which need?
B) safety
73) Which of the following was directly influenced by Herzberg's two-factor theory?
B) the job characteristics model
57) A manager with a Theory Y view of human nature would be likely ________.
B) to try to challenge his workers
68) According to Herzberg, in order to provide employees with job satisfaction, managers should concentrate on ________.
C) achievement and recognition
48) Maslow believes that higher-order needs ________.
C) are satisfied internally
67) According to Herzberg, hygiene factors ________.
C) control dissatisfaction but not satisfaction
58) Workers with a Theory X point of view would be likely to respond to ________ best.
C) fear of losing their job
70) Herzberg has had the greatest influence on which of the following?
C) how managers design jobs
43) Maslow's theory is a hierarchy because ________.
C) needs are satisfied sequentially
54) Theory Y assumes that people inherently ________.
C) want to control their own destiny
62) According to Herzberg, which of the following is considered a motivator?
D) responsibility
69) Which of the following holds that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, and extrinsic factors are related to job dissatisfaction?
D) Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory
**71) Which of the following is true of the three early theories of motivation?
D) Only McGregor focuses on human nature.
65) According to Herzberg, when an extremely dissatisfied employee gets an improved salary and working conditions, he ________.
D) becomes less dissatisfied and his motivation is unaffected
51) Self-actualization most closely corresponds to ________.
D) becoming a whole person
61) According to Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene theory, ________ are associated with job satisfaction.
D) motivators
75) Which of the following suggests that humans have an innate desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships?
D) need for affiliation
52) Which of the following is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy?
D) personal safety
**19) In Herzberg's view, removing a hygiene factor makes a person less dissatisfied with his or her job.
True
**25) In the JCM, autonomy and feedback are not core dimensions for a job.
True
**29) Vroom's expectancy theory would say that a worker with a higher expectation of performance will apply more effort to a job.
True
1) Motivation is a process that leads to a goal.
True
11) In Maslow's view, the key to understanding motivation is to understand where in the hierarchy of needs a person is located.
True
12) Maslow states that people can no longer be motivated by a given need if it is largely taken care of.
True
15) Managers with a Theory Y view of life think people need to be given the freedom to make their own choices.
True
17) Using fear as a motivator is a Theory X management style.
True
22) Goal-setting theory states that having specific goals improves performance.
True
24) The job characteristics model, or JCM, holds that the three core job dimensions - skill variety, task identity, and task significance - combine to give work true meaning.
True
26) Equity theory has three referent categories to which workers compare themselves: persons, systems, and self.
True
27) Equity theory holds that employees who feel underpaid will decrease their level of effort and performance in response to feelings of inequity.
True
28) Vroom's expectancy theory sees a link between effort and performance, performance and reward, and rewards and individual goals as the keys to motivation.
True
33) An advantage of telecommuting is that companies do not necessarily have to be located near their workforce.
True
35) Today's workplaces provide a wide range of scheduling options and benefits that allow employees more flexibility at work and allow them to better balance or integrate their work and personal lives.
True
37) Open-book management programs motivate by giving employees a greater sense of ownership in the company.
True
5) A single individual can have high motivation for one task and low motivation for another task.
True