mcb chpt. 23 (w/ answer options)

A predisposing factor for infection by Clostridium perfringens is A) Gangrene. B) Burns. C) Debridement. D) Hyperbaric treatment. E) An infected finger.

A) Gangrene.

Epstein-Barr virus has been implicated in all of the following EXCEPT a) Hodgkin's disease. b) Burkitt's lymphoma. c) infectious mononucleosis. d) endocarditis. e) nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

endocarditis

TRUE OR FALSE: Subacute bacterial endocarditis is commonly the result of infections initially focused on the oral cavity.

TRUE

Which of the following statements about tularemia is false? A) It is caused by Francisella tularensis. B) The reservoir is rabbits. C) It may be transmitted by arthropods. D) It may be transmitted by direct contact. E) It occurs only in California.

E) It occurs only in California.

The symptoms of gas gangrene are due to all of the following EXCEPT A) Microbial fermentation. B) Necrotizing exotoxins. C) Proteolytic enzymes. D) Hyaluronidase. E) endocarditis

E) endocarditis

Which of the following can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta? a) Spirillum b) Borrelia c) anthrax d) cytomegalovirus e) Yersinia

cytomegalovirus

true or false: Tularemia is considered to be a potential bioterrorism agent due its high infective dose.

false

Which of the following is FALSE concerning Clostridium species? a) They grow only in anaerobic environments. b) Their main reservoir is rabbits. c) They can cause gas gangrene and septicemia. d) They grow well in damaged tissues that are necrotic and have impaired blood flow.

b) Their main reservoir is rabbits.

The development of which disease is promoted by mosquito-borne malarial infections? a) Hodgkin's disease b) infectious mononucleosis ("mono") c) cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection d) Burkitt's lymphoma

d) Burkitt's lymphoma

Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of anthrax? a) gastrointestinal b) cutaneous c) inhalational d) septic

d) septic

Which of the following is evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut, was due to bacterial infection? a) affected mostly children b) accompanied by a rash c) not contagious d) transmitted by ticks e) treatable with penicillin

treatable with penicillin

question 29

most of the answers are on this quizlet: https://quizlet.com/204280252/microbe-and-human-health-ch23-flash-cards/

A characteristic symptom of plague is A) small red spots on the skin. B) swollen lymph nodes. C) rose-colored spots. D) recurrent fever. E) nausea and vomiting.

B) swollen lymph nodes.

An indirect immunofluorescence assay is described as the CDC "gold standard serological test" for RMSF. Keeping in mind the principles behind indirect fluorescent-antibody (indirect FA) testing, which of the following characteristics contributes to its choice as the gold standard?

-Indirect FA is more sensitive than direct immunofluorescent testing. -Indirect FA will detect R. rickettsii-specific antibodies present in the patient's serum. -Indirect FA uses an antibody that reacts with any human antibody. -Indirect FA is rapid, sensitive, and specific.

The IV regimen administered by Ron's doctors is consistent with the CDC's recommendation that doxycycline be administered when RMSF is suspected. Apply your knowledge of RMSF to choose the most likely reasons behind this recommendation.

-The symptoms of RMSF are similar to those of several other infections, making definitive diagnosis difficult. -Most tests that can definitively identify R. rickettsii are not very effective early in infection. -A delay in treatment can lead to complications that include respiratory, cardiac, and renal failure. -Without prompt treatment, RMSF can have a mortality rate as high as 20%.

Apply your knowledge of bacterial pathogenesis and the symptoms of RMSF to predict the order of events that occur during RMSF.

1. tick bites transmit 2.R.rickettsii travels throughout the body 3.R.rickettsii invades endothelial cell 4.R.rickettsii multiplies 5.blood begins to escape from vessel 6.symptom

Which of the following statements about puerperal sepsis is FALSE? A) It is transmitted from mother to fetus. B) It is caused by health care personnel. C) It begins as a focal infection. D) It is a complication of abortion or childbirth. E) Its frequency of occurrence has decreased because of antibiotics and aseptic techniques.

A) It is transmitted from mother to fetus.

Which of the following is NOT a zoonosis? A) puerperal sepsis B) Hantavirus infection C) anthrax D) brucellosis E) tularemia

A) puerperal sepsis

The Big Picture Activity mentioned that because no vaccine is available, prevention is the next method for keeping the number of infections to a minimum. One of the methods recommended by the CDC is to prevent infected individuals from receiving mosquito bites during the first week of their infection. How does this help prevent further spread of infection? a) Preventing additional mosquito bites will minimize the pathogenicity of the virus. b) Preventing additional mosquito bites keeps the patient from suffering a subsequent infection. c) Additional bites would increase the chances of an uninfected vector acquiring the virus. d) Additional mosquito bites will allow transmission to occur person-to-person without the vector.

Additional bites would increase the chances of an uninfected vector acquiring the virus

John mentioned that while in the Caribbean, he had been very careful to wear bug spray when outside and to use a mosquito net around the bed at night. Why were these protective measures not enough to keep him from being infected? a) Aedes mosquitoes prefer to live outdoors and feed at dusk. Bug spray is not effective against them at all. b) Aedes mosquitoes prefer the blood of human beings and only feed at dusk, like most other mosquitoes. c) Aedes mosquitoes prefer to live inside buildings, are more resistant to bug spray, and feed during the day. d) Aedes mosquitoes are small enough to get through the holes in the mosquito net that John put around his bed.

Aedes mosquitoes prefer to live inside buildings, are more resistant to bug spray, and feed during the day.

Which of the following produces a permanent carrier state following infection? A) Borrelia B) Cytomegalovirus C) Spirillum D) Toxoplasma E) Yersinia

B) Cytomegalovirus

A patient complains of fever, severe muscle and joint pain, and a rash. The patient reports returning from a Caribbean vacation one week ago. Which of the following do you suspect? A) Lassa fever B) dengue C) Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever D) typhus E) yellow fever

B) dengue

Human-to-human transmission of plague is usually by A) Rat flea. B) Dog flea. C) The respiratory route. D) Wounds. E) Unsanitary conditions.

C) The respiratory route.

Which of the following is a symptom of brucellosis? A) A local infection B) Relapsing fever C) Undulant fever D) Pneumonia E) Jaundice

C) Undulant fever

Brucella bacteria are considered a potential agent of bioterrorism because A) it causes ulcerating lesions of the skin. B) infection causes a fever. C) they easily become airborne. D) they are not susceptible to antibiotics. E) it is a endospore-forming organism.

C) they easily become airborne.

Which of the following is NOT treated with antibiotics?A) plague B) tularemia C) Lyme disease D) Ebola E) anthrax

D) Ebola

Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is false? A) It is a complication of a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. B) It is an inflammation of the heart. C) It is an inflammation of the joints. D) It is rarely fatal, even when untreated. E) The incidence has declined in the last 10 years.

D) It is rarely fatal, even when untreated.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) Subacute bacterial endocarditis - alpha-hemolytic streptococci B) Acute bacterial endocarditis - Staphylococcus aureus C) Pericarditis - Streptococcus pneumoniae D) Puerperal sepsis - Staphylococcus aureus E) Burkitt's lymphoma - EB virus

D) Puerperal sepsis - Staphylococcus aureus

A) the Gulf Coast region (i.e., states that border the Gulf of Mexico) B) the Rocky Mountain region, including Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado C) the Northeast region, particularly along the Atlantic Coast D) the Appalachian region (North Carolina, Kentucky)

D) the Appalachian region (North Carolina, Kentucky)

What disease does Paul suspect Ron might have contracted? A)West Nile virus B)Lyme disease C)Epidemic typhus D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever

D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a) Spirillum rat-bite fever b) Borrelia relapsing fever c) Streptobacillus rat-bite fever d) Pasteurella cat-scratch disease e) Yersinia plague

Pasteurella cat-scratch disease

Which of the following is a characteristic of biological transmission from Dermacentor to a human host?

R. rickettsii is transmitted to the human host during a bite, when tick saliva enters the wound.

Now that we have looked at ways to prevent breeding in mosquitos, another possible prevention is to limit the vector geographically, but recent climate changes have led to changes in location where the mosquito can now be found. Which of the following climate change scenarios has allowed for this increase in vector habitat? a) warmer temperatures in southern regions with increased rainfall b) warmer temperatures in southern regions with normal rainfall c) warmer temperatures in northern regions with normal rainfall d) warmer temperatures in northern regions with increased rainfall

warmer temperatures in northern regions with increased rainfall

Rickettsia rickettsii is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen. Which of the following statements about the R. rickettsii life cycle is FALSE?

After entering a host, R. rickettsii multiplies to levels high enough to successfully invade cells and establish an infection.

As a child, Jamie suffered from rheumatic fever, which caused some major damage to one of her heart valves. She is OK, in general. However, she's been advised against getting body piercings, and her dentist gives her antibiotics before performing some dental procedures. What is the concern? a) Jamie is more likely to develop subacute bacterial endocarditis. b) Since Jamie has a heart murmur, her body is generally weaker, and she may not be able to fight off infections. c) Jamie is more likely to develop acute endocarditis. d) The fact that she contracted rheumatic fever seems to indicate that Jamie is particularly sensitive to Streptococcus pyogenes infection.

Jamie is more likely to develop subacute bacterial endocarditis.

John's physician said that he might be suffering from Chikungunya fever, an emerging disease that once was limited to Asia, Africa, and Europe, but is now making appearances in the Caribbean and the United States. How did John most likely get infected? a) a snake bite b) a tick bite c) a spider bite d)a mosquito bite

a mosquito bite

In which of the following North American locations would you expect to find the highest incidence of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi? a) Atlantic coast b) Gulf of Mexico c) Pacific coast d) Colorado

a) Atlantic coast

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bacillus anthracis? a) is aerobic b) produces endotoxins c) is gram-positive d) forms endospores e) found in soil

produces endotoxins