MDA 142 Exam #2 Chapters 13, 17, 20, 43, 47, 48,49

B lymphocytes represent about ____ percent of the total lymphocytes.

20

The adult skeleton has how many bones?

206

After removing sutures and bandaging the site you should instruct the patient to keep the bandage clean and dry for ____ hours

24

Autoclaved items remain sterile if they have been properly processed and protected from moisture for ____ days.

30

The cranium is a fusion of ____ cranial bones?

8

In the United States, you are least likely to contract HIV through?

A blood transfusion

What is a culturette

A sterile swab with a soft tip, protected by a plastic sleeve, used to collect cultures from various sources; an ampule is crushed to protect the integrity of the specimen after collection

Condition that results from a deficiency of adrenal hormones in the cortex of the adrenal gland

Addison's disease

What are the two types of kyphosis?

Adolescent and adult

When obtaining a throat swab for group A strep screening, what is the proper procedure for performing the swab?

Do not allow the swab to touch the tongue, teeth, lips, or gums; guide the swab to the peritonsillar crypt area and collect any exudate you observe

In preparation for a cholecystogram, the patient should?

Eat a low-fat meal the evening before the test

The process of maintaining sterility throughout a surgical procedure is called ____ technique.

aseptic

It is recommended that a patient collect ___ specimen(s) for occult blood specimen testing?

at least three

It is recommended that a patient collect_______ specimen for occult blood specimen testing

at least three

Sterilization can occur via all but which of the following methods?

autoclave

The most common cause of adrenal insufficiency is:

autoimmune destruction of the cells producing the hormone

When scheduling patients for an abdominal ultrasound, you should tell them to:

avoid eating foods that produce gas

Which type of forceps are used to grasp towels and dressings and hold drape towels in place?

backhaus

An upper GI series is also referred to as a __________ ____________.

barium swallow

Sutures that are not removed can

become infected

hypothyroidism

below-normal thyroid activity

The majority of the islets of Langerhans cells are ____ cells.

beta

Which of these is not an example of alternative therapy for cancer patients?

biofeedback

Which of the following is not used to diagnose HIV infection?

biopsy

When using the Icotest, if the mat shows a ______ color, the urine sample contains bilirubin

bluish to purple

Which of the following is not a symptom of osteoarthritis?

bone atrophy

Which type of radiation therapy involves placing radioactive implants close to or into cancerous tissue?

brachytherapy

The final step in the culture, which various antibiotics are tested for bacterial inhibition

brain

When taking a patients medical history prior to a surgical procedure, if the patient discloses a family history of hemophilia, you should

bring the information to the provider immediately and clearly document on the patients chart

Tetany is treated by the addition of:

calcium

An MRI:

can last from 30 to 60 minutes

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the:

cartilage

After removing sutures you should record all but which of the following in the progress notes in the patients chart

cause of the incision

Human papilloma virus is found in at least 70 percent of cases of?

cervical cancer

Before removing sutures, you should do all of the following except:

check the report for a hepatitis B booster

Which type of cancer treatment involves the use of medications to alter cell growth and division

chemotherapy

Occult blood specimens from stools are common screening tools for early detection of

colon cancer

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

comminuted fracture

compound (open) fracture bone breaks through the skin

compound (open) fracture

Human chorionic gonadotropin

concentration or dilution of urine specimen

SSA

confirmatory test for urinary bilirubin

Ketones

confirmatory test for urinary protein

Diagnostic X-rays are [c] in pregnant women, especially during the first trimester.

contraindicated

Reagent strips are

convenient

The first step in the process to isolate and identify bacterial infections is called

culture

The first step in the process to isolate and identify bacterial infections is called ______

culture

When performing Gram staining, if the microorganisms on the slide are identified as Gram positive, they will apear

dark blue to violet

During screening, you should always ask female patients for the:

date of the first day of menstrual flow of their last menstrual period

Which of the following is not a chemical agent commonly used to sterilize certain surgical instruments?

dihydrogen monoxide

When assisting with suturing a laceration after bandaging the site you should remove your gloves and

dispose of them in a biohazardous waste bag

Specific gravity is defined as the weight of substances dissolved in a specimen as compared with those found in

distilled water

A patient with epicondylitis experiences pain at the?

elbow

phagocytes are cells that

engulf and destroy

Drainage from a wound or affected area is called

exudate

Carbonated and alcoholic beverages should be avoided prior to X-rays of the visceral organs because they produce __________.

fatus

During microscopic examination of a urine sample, bacteria and epithelial cells may be quantified as

few

Method used by diabetic patients to evaluate their glucose levels

fingerstick

The bones of a child are much more ____ than that of an adult?

flexible

Which of the following is a gonadotropic hormone?

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

The laboratory provides a ______ solution container for preservation of tissue specimens for biopsy

formalin

When assisting in surgery what should you use to mop excessive blood

gauze sponges

Affect the metabolism of protein, fat, and glucose

glucocorticoids

Bacterial staining characteristics that yields a pinkish red color

gram negative

Analyzing healthcare results as reported in _____ and ________ also be a part of your duties. Each practice will have their own protocols on how to handle and distribute lab reports to the providers

graphs and tables

Adson forceps are used to:

grasp delicate tissue

affects the length of the long bones, and therefore height

growth hormone

destruction of red blood cells present in culture media

hemolysis

Complex chemical that influences actions at distant sites and controls body functions

hormone

overactive thyroid

hyperthyroidism

Lack of ____ causes the thyroid gland to enlarge.

iodine

Which of the following is used as the contrast medium for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)?

iodine

Patients with hyperthyroidism commonly experience:

irritability

In preparation for an upper GI series, the patient should be instructed to drink:

only clear liquids

Procedure performed to allow the eye to recess into the socket

orbital decompression

Types of pathogens that can be checked for in fecal specimens

ova, parasites, bacteria, and viruses

Which hormone stimulates contractions during childbirth?

oxytocin

A blood sugar test is performed to assess the function of the:

pancreas

Which hormone regulates the exchange of calcium between the bones and blood and increases blood calcium?

parathormone

The small bone at the knee is known as the ___?

patella

Which of the following is not a contraindication for an MRI procedure?

patients who are allergic to iodine

Three elements of a complete urinalysis

physical, chemical, microscopic

The contrast medium for a cholecystogram is usually in ____ form.

pill

Small mass of tissue attached by a slim stalk to the floor of the third ventricle of the brain

pineal body

Surgical instruments should be placed in a container made of _____ to prevent damage to their points and cutting edges.

plastic

The sterile tray should be set up

prior to the patient entering the room

The first FDA-approved cancer vaccine occurred in 2010 with Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) for which type of cancer?

prostate cancer

Local anesthesia is administered by the

provider

Local anesthesia is administered by the:

provider

Before the broken bone can be set, traction (pulling)—either manually or by a system of ropes and pulleys—must be used to stretch the muscles and pull the bone pieces back into alignment. This procedure is known as____ the fracture?

reducing

If a urine specimen cannot be tested within an hour, it must be

refrigerated

The breasts are compressed during a mammography because doing so:

requires less radiation to be used

On the day of surgery, a patient should not wear: clothing that is easy to put on and take off clothing appropriate for the anatomical area of surgery

restrictive clothing

An instrument used to examine the interior of canals or of hollow organs is a(n):

retractor

Which of the following conditions results from a fault in the immune system that causes it to attack the joint membranes?

rheumatoid arthritis

Surgical instruments should be soaked in a _____ solution containing a detergent and a solvent immediately after each use.

room-temperature

The final step in the culture, during which various antibiotics are tested for bacterial inhibition

sensitivity

androgen

sex steroid

Catgut is made from the intestines of

sheep

What is the normal value of mucus in a urine sample

slight

Urine should be

slightly acidic

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

spiral fracture

Which of the following terms is defined as the process of destroying all disease-causing microorganisms?

sterilization

The AIDS epidemic is greatest in which part of the world?

sub-Saharan Africa

What is the most common cancer treatment?

surgery

The pelvic girdle is joined anteriorly at the ______ and posteriorly at the ___________

symphysis pubis/ sacrum

Which type of radiation therapy allows deep penetration for deep tumors and is performed on an outpatient basis?

teletherapy

When collecting a specimen for substance abuse analysis the ____ of a urine specimen is immediately checked for following collection and is recorded with the patient observing you.

temperature

Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?

temperature control

Which hormone develops the primary male sexual characteristics?

testosterone

After removing staples from a patient, the emergency center's report should be checked for a _______ booster

tetanus

If the breasts become discolored after a mammogram:

the patient should not be alarmed

Compared to traditional surgery, when patients undergo laproscopic surgery

the required time for many surgeries has decreased

To collect a specimen from an infected wound, you insert _____ into the center of the infected area of the wound

the tip of a sterile swab

The radioactive iodine uptake test is a test of which gland?

thyroid gland

thyroid-stimulating hormone

thyrotropin

Operating scissors are used to cut:

tissue

Dislocation is least likely to occur in which of the following joint locations?

toe

too little thyroid hormone Myxedema is an endocrine condition associated with:

too little thyroid hormone

The winglike side projections of a typical vertebra are called the:

transverse process

Patients should be instructed not to take a shower or bath without the provider's approval when they have a wound on the

trunk

When checking the clarity of a urine specimen, which of these descriptions is considered worst

turbid

How long should you perform hand washing for surgical asepsis or surgical scrub?

two to six minutes

Autoimmune disease that eventually results in severe insulin deficiency

type 1 diabetes

Patients with this condition have insulin resistance and are usually overweight

type 2 diabetes

Identify CLIA-waived test associated with the purpose of detecting PH, glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, leukocytes and specific gravity

urinalysis

Catherization is usually performed by a

urologist

Cryosurgery is sometimes referred to as

using extreme cold temperatures

One of the most common causes of fainting______ occurs when your body overreacts to certain triggers such as the sight of blood or extreme emotional distress

vasovagal syncope

The Mayo stand should be adjusted to:

waist level

Which of the following does not influence the amount of insulin a diabetic patient needs?

weather conditions

What color is bilirubin

yellow to orange

​Which of the following is the preparation for intravenous pyelogram (IVP)?

​All-liquid diet. ​Day prior to the examination, take three Dulcolax 5 mg tablets from 2 to 4 p.m. ​Drink only one glass of liquid on the morning of the exam. Correct! ​All of the above

Disorder characterized by a group of symptoms that result from the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex caused by excess ACTH production

Cushing's syndrome

Defines structures of the urinary system

IVP

Which type of antibodies are the most plentiful

IgD

Which type of biopsy involves removing a portion of the tumor for testing?

Incisional

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

KUB

The chemical carcinogen benzene has been linked to which type of cancer?

Leukemia

Control electrolyte balances by regulating the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules and the excretion of potassium

Mineralcorticoids

The release of histamine into the blood vessels does not typically result in localized?

Numbness

A ____ needle holder is used to grasp suture needles.

Olsen Hegar

Which of the following instruments is not used for dilating, probing, and visualizing

Olsen Hegar needle holder

When collecting a throat swab from a patient for the rapid test or routine culture, you swab?

Only the peritonsillar area

Which of the following is not a symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)?

Pain in joints with swelling

Acetest

Pregnancy

Which hormone is responsible for developing breast tissue and stimulating the secretion of milk from the mammary glands?

Prolactin

The cause of primary osteoporosis is believed to be a combination of all but which of the following?

Prolonged inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D

When documenting in the patient's chart and on the log books, the initials ___ would be used in the case of not having enough urine to perform the ordered testing, unless otherwise specified per laboratory protocol?

QNS (quanity not sufficient)

Collected at any time of the day without special preparation

Random Urine Sample

perform with sterile catheter in conjunction with cystoscopy

Retrograde pyelogram

What is the normal value of mucus in a urine sample?

Slight

Urine should be?

Slightly acidic

High frequecy sound waves

Sonogram

High frequency sound waves conducted through a transducer

Sonogram

Which of these statements is false?

Surgical instruments typically have numerous functions.

Reduce insulin resistance by modulating activity of nuclear transcription factors

Thiazolidinediones

Extreme clinical development of hyperthyroidism

Thyroid storm

Phantom limb is often described by patients as a ____ sensation.

Tingling

The lymph tissue in the ____ intercepts antigens invading the upper respiratory tract?

Tonsils and adenoids

Which of the following is not a common surgical position?

Trendelenburg

Cryosurgery is sometimes referred to as?

Using extremely cold temperature

In the United States, you are least likely to contract HIV through

a blood transfusion

Bacilli-shaped organisms

are rod-shaped. (Think of a fat hyphen; this is how they appear under the microscope.)

Benign tumors usually

are slow growing

Cocci-shaped organisms

are very round; the Latin term coccus means "berry shaped".

Which diagnostic procedure permits direct visual inspection of a joint?

arthroscopy

After age 40, women are urged to have a mammography every ____ years.

1-2

Generally a sufficient amount of urine for testing would fill a ______ test tube with enough left over to wet the chemical test strip and be used for culture if ordered

10 mL

A surgical procedure was performed at the outpatient surgery center, and the patient was instructed to return to the office for removal of the staples. When you take the bandage off, you notice that the site is infected. What should you do first?

Alert the provider and obtain instructions on how to proceed.

can last from 30 to 60 minutes

An MRI

With involved fractures, such as compound or comminuted, surgical procedure is often necessary either to repair the skin and surrounding tissues or to place all the small bone fragments in position. This procedure is called?

An open reduction

Because a mammogram is often very uncomfortable and even sometimes painful for many women, which of the following suggestion(s) might be helpful in reducing discomfort?

At the advice of the provider, a mild analgesic may be taken to relieve any discomfort or aching the patient might experience.​

Contrast Media

Barium and water mixture

Work to lower sugar levels by blocking the release of glucose by the liver

Biguanides

Which of the following statement is not true as a general rule to follow when cleaning and caring for instruments

Blood, tissue, and other body fluids must be allowed to dry on an instrument

​Which of the following statements is not true as a general rule to follow when cleaning and caring for instruments?

Blood, tissue, and other body fluids must be allowed to dry on an instrument.

The pituitary gland is attached to what organ?

Brain

During a barium enema, patients should be told to?

Breathe through the mouth slowly and deeply

Which conditions might be diagnosed in a sputum specimen?

Cancer, tuberculosis, bacterial infections, fungal infections, and viral infections

Which of the following conditions is caused by the compression of the median nerve at the wrist?

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Requires the patient to clean external genitalia prior to collection of the specimen

Clean-catch midstream

A common injury among children is the ________fracture that involves the breaking of the distal end of the radius, causing a characteristic bulge at the wrist.

Colles

A "duck waddle" walk is a sign of?

Congenital hip dysplasia

The longest bone in any species is the:

Femur

An immovable joint is called synarthrosis or:

Fibrous

The phalanges are the?

Fingers and toes

Collected when the patient first wakes up in the morning and is the most concentrated, yielding the most accurate results

First morning specimen

Greenstick bone breaks incompletely

Greenstick

About a month or two after infection with HIV, people may exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Headache, fever, and fatigue

Which type of T lymphocytes produce lymphokines, which assist other lymphocytes and phagocytes in performing their functions?

Helper T cells

The X-ray was discovered in 1895 by:

Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen

The most common local anesthetic agents are

Xylocaine and novocaine

Staples are removed with a device known as

a staple extractor

Sutureless closures closures are

a type of adhesive material

If you notice that a urine specimen has a very strong amonia like smell, it probably indicates that the patient has

a urinary tract infection

Which technique has replaced the cholecystogram?

abdominal ultrasound

Which of the following conditions is characterized by overgrowth of cartilaginous and connective tissue?

acromegaly

The principal hormone of the medulla is:

adrenaline

The substance used to encourage bacterial growth is called ____:

agar

Spiral-shaped organisms

also referred to as spirochetes, are corkscrew- shaped.

Urine specimens that have a high number of bacteria will have a characteristic smell of

ammonia

Series of recently approved drugs that increase the presence of gut hormones which are advantageous for insulin secretion and decrease glucagon levels.

antidiabetic drugs

Unless the manufacturer's instructions state otherwise, proper handling of reagent strips includes all but which of the following

keeping them refrigerated

The adrenal gland sit atop the:

kidney

Where is the thyroid gland located?

larynx

After ingesting barium, a patient's stool may appear:

lighter in color than usual

Which of the following substances is commonly used in cryosurgery to destroy tissue?

liquid nitrogen

When the blood sugar level falls too low, the hormone glucagon is released, causing the ____ to release stored glycogen into the blood.

liver

hormone that increases skin pigmentation

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Hematuria

might indicate liver disease when detected

​In an all-liquid diet, the patient may have all of the following, except:

milk

Icotest

negative

PH

normal urine, slightly acid

A brown color when describing urine is usually associated with

old blood