MDA 142 Exam #2 Chapters 13, 17, 20, 43, 47, 48,49
B lymphocytes represent about ____ percent of the total lymphocytes.
20
The adult skeleton has how many bones?
206
After removing sutures and bandaging the site you should instruct the patient to keep the bandage clean and dry for ____ hours
24
Autoclaved items remain sterile if they have been properly processed and protected from moisture for ____ days.
30
The cranium is a fusion of ____ cranial bones?
8
In the United States, you are least likely to contract HIV through?
A blood transfusion
What is a culturette
A sterile swab with a soft tip, protected by a plastic sleeve, used to collect cultures from various sources; an ampule is crushed to protect the integrity of the specimen after collection
Condition that results from a deficiency of adrenal hormones in the cortex of the adrenal gland
Addison's disease
What are the two types of kyphosis?
Adolescent and adult
When obtaining a throat swab for group A strep screening, what is the proper procedure for performing the swab?
Do not allow the swab to touch the tongue, teeth, lips, or gums; guide the swab to the peritonsillar crypt area and collect any exudate you observe
In preparation for a cholecystogram, the patient should?
Eat a low-fat meal the evening before the test
The process of maintaining sterility throughout a surgical procedure is called ____ technique.
aseptic
It is recommended that a patient collect ___ specimen(s) for occult blood specimen testing?
at least three
It is recommended that a patient collect_______ specimen for occult blood specimen testing
at least three
Sterilization can occur via all but which of the following methods?
autoclave
The most common cause of adrenal insufficiency is:
autoimmune destruction of the cells producing the hormone
When scheduling patients for an abdominal ultrasound, you should tell them to:
avoid eating foods that produce gas
Which type of forceps are used to grasp towels and dressings and hold drape towels in place?
backhaus
An upper GI series is also referred to as a __________ ____________.
barium swallow
Sutures that are not removed can
become infected
hypothyroidism
below-normal thyroid activity
The majority of the islets of Langerhans cells are ____ cells.
beta
Which of these is not an example of alternative therapy for cancer patients?
biofeedback
Which of the following is not used to diagnose HIV infection?
biopsy
When using the Icotest, if the mat shows a ______ color, the urine sample contains bilirubin
bluish to purple
Which of the following is not a symptom of osteoarthritis?
bone atrophy
Which type of radiation therapy involves placing radioactive implants close to or into cancerous tissue?
brachytherapy
The final step in the culture, which various antibiotics are tested for bacterial inhibition
brain
When taking a patients medical history prior to a surgical procedure, if the patient discloses a family history of hemophilia, you should
bring the information to the provider immediately and clearly document on the patients chart
Tetany is treated by the addition of:
calcium
An MRI:
can last from 30 to 60 minutes
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the:
cartilage
After removing sutures you should record all but which of the following in the progress notes in the patients chart
cause of the incision
Human papilloma virus is found in at least 70 percent of cases of?
cervical cancer
Before removing sutures, you should do all of the following except:
check the report for a hepatitis B booster
Which type of cancer treatment involves the use of medications to alter cell growth and division
chemotherapy
Occult blood specimens from stools are common screening tools for early detection of
colon cancer
fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
comminuted fracture
compound (open) fracture bone breaks through the skin
compound (open) fracture
Human chorionic gonadotropin
concentration or dilution of urine specimen
SSA
confirmatory test for urinary bilirubin
Ketones
confirmatory test for urinary protein
Diagnostic X-rays are [c] in pregnant women, especially during the first trimester.
contraindicated
Reagent strips are
convenient
The first step in the process to isolate and identify bacterial infections is called
culture
The first step in the process to isolate and identify bacterial infections is called ______
culture
When performing Gram staining, if the microorganisms on the slide are identified as Gram positive, they will apear
dark blue to violet
During screening, you should always ask female patients for the:
date of the first day of menstrual flow of their last menstrual period
Which of the following is not a chemical agent commonly used to sterilize certain surgical instruments?
dihydrogen monoxide
When assisting with suturing a laceration after bandaging the site you should remove your gloves and
dispose of them in a biohazardous waste bag
Specific gravity is defined as the weight of substances dissolved in a specimen as compared with those found in
distilled water
A patient with epicondylitis experiences pain at the?
elbow
phagocytes are cells that
engulf and destroy
Drainage from a wound or affected area is called
exudate
Carbonated and alcoholic beverages should be avoided prior to X-rays of the visceral organs because they produce __________.
fatus
During microscopic examination of a urine sample, bacteria and epithelial cells may be quantified as
few
Method used by diabetic patients to evaluate their glucose levels
fingerstick
The bones of a child are much more ____ than that of an adult?
flexible
Which of the following is a gonadotropic hormone?
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
The laboratory provides a ______ solution container for preservation of tissue specimens for biopsy
formalin
When assisting in surgery what should you use to mop excessive blood
gauze sponges
Affect the metabolism of protein, fat, and glucose
glucocorticoids
Bacterial staining characteristics that yields a pinkish red color
gram negative
Analyzing healthcare results as reported in _____ and ________ also be a part of your duties. Each practice will have their own protocols on how to handle and distribute lab reports to the providers
graphs and tables
Adson forceps are used to:
grasp delicate tissue
affects the length of the long bones, and therefore height
growth hormone
destruction of red blood cells present in culture media
hemolysis
Complex chemical that influences actions at distant sites and controls body functions
hormone
overactive thyroid
hyperthyroidism
Lack of ____ causes the thyroid gland to enlarge.
iodine
Which of the following is used as the contrast medium for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)?
iodine
Patients with hyperthyroidism commonly experience:
irritability
In preparation for an upper GI series, the patient should be instructed to drink:
only clear liquids
Procedure performed to allow the eye to recess into the socket
orbital decompression
Types of pathogens that can be checked for in fecal specimens
ova, parasites, bacteria, and viruses
Which hormone stimulates contractions during childbirth?
oxytocin
A blood sugar test is performed to assess the function of the:
pancreas
Which hormone regulates the exchange of calcium between the bones and blood and increases blood calcium?
parathormone
The small bone at the knee is known as the ___?
patella
Which of the following is not a contraindication for an MRI procedure?
patients who are allergic to iodine
Three elements of a complete urinalysis
physical, chemical, microscopic
The contrast medium for a cholecystogram is usually in ____ form.
pill
Small mass of tissue attached by a slim stalk to the floor of the third ventricle of the brain
pineal body
Surgical instruments should be placed in a container made of _____ to prevent damage to their points and cutting edges.
plastic
The sterile tray should be set up
prior to the patient entering the room
The first FDA-approved cancer vaccine occurred in 2010 with Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) for which type of cancer?
prostate cancer
Local anesthesia is administered by the
provider
Local anesthesia is administered by the:
provider
Before the broken bone can be set, traction (pulling)—either manually or by a system of ropes and pulleys—must be used to stretch the muscles and pull the bone pieces back into alignment. This procedure is known as____ the fracture?
reducing
If a urine specimen cannot be tested within an hour, it must be
refrigerated
The breasts are compressed during a mammography because doing so:
requires less radiation to be used
On the day of surgery, a patient should not wear: clothing that is easy to put on and take off clothing appropriate for the anatomical area of surgery
restrictive clothing
An instrument used to examine the interior of canals or of hollow organs is a(n):
retractor
Which of the following conditions results from a fault in the immune system that causes it to attack the joint membranes?
rheumatoid arthritis
Surgical instruments should be soaked in a _____ solution containing a detergent and a solvent immediately after each use.
room-temperature
The final step in the culture, during which various antibiotics are tested for bacterial inhibition
sensitivity
androgen
sex steroid
Catgut is made from the intestines of
sheep
What is the normal value of mucus in a urine sample
slight
Urine should be
slightly acidic
a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
spiral fracture
Which of the following terms is defined as the process of destroying all disease-causing microorganisms?
sterilization
The AIDS epidemic is greatest in which part of the world?
sub-Saharan Africa
What is the most common cancer treatment?
surgery
The pelvic girdle is joined anteriorly at the ______ and posteriorly at the ___________
symphysis pubis/ sacrum
Which type of radiation therapy allows deep penetration for deep tumors and is performed on an outpatient basis?
teletherapy
When collecting a specimen for substance abuse analysis the ____ of a urine specimen is immediately checked for following collection and is recorded with the patient observing you.
temperature
Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?
temperature control
Which hormone develops the primary male sexual characteristics?
testosterone
After removing staples from a patient, the emergency center's report should be checked for a _______ booster
tetanus
If the breasts become discolored after a mammogram:
the patient should not be alarmed
Compared to traditional surgery, when patients undergo laproscopic surgery
the required time for many surgeries has decreased
To collect a specimen from an infected wound, you insert _____ into the center of the infected area of the wound
the tip of a sterile swab
The radioactive iodine uptake test is a test of which gland?
thyroid gland
thyroid-stimulating hormone
thyrotropin
Operating scissors are used to cut:
tissue
Dislocation is least likely to occur in which of the following joint locations?
toe
too little thyroid hormone Myxedema is an endocrine condition associated with:
too little thyroid hormone
The winglike side projections of a typical vertebra are called the:
transverse process
Patients should be instructed not to take a shower or bath without the provider's approval when they have a wound on the
trunk
When checking the clarity of a urine specimen, which of these descriptions is considered worst
turbid
How long should you perform hand washing for surgical asepsis or surgical scrub?
two to six minutes
Autoimmune disease that eventually results in severe insulin deficiency
type 1 diabetes
Patients with this condition have insulin resistance and are usually overweight
type 2 diabetes
Identify CLIA-waived test associated with the purpose of detecting PH, glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, leukocytes and specific gravity
urinalysis
Catherization is usually performed by a
urologist
Cryosurgery is sometimes referred to as
using extreme cold temperatures
One of the most common causes of fainting______ occurs when your body overreacts to certain triggers such as the sight of blood or extreme emotional distress
vasovagal syncope
The Mayo stand should be adjusted to:
waist level
Which of the following does not influence the amount of insulin a diabetic patient needs?
weather conditions
What color is bilirubin
yellow to orange
Which of the following is the preparation for intravenous pyelogram (IVP)?
All-liquid diet. Day prior to the examination, take three Dulcolax 5 mg tablets from 2 to 4 p.m. Drink only one glass of liquid on the morning of the exam. Correct! All of the above
Disorder characterized by a group of symptoms that result from the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex caused by excess ACTH production
Cushing's syndrome
Defines structures of the urinary system
IVP
Which type of antibodies are the most plentiful
IgD
Which type of biopsy involves removing a portion of the tumor for testing?
Incisional
kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)
KUB
The chemical carcinogen benzene has been linked to which type of cancer?
Leukemia
Control electrolyte balances by regulating the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules and the excretion of potassium
Mineralcorticoids
The release of histamine into the blood vessels does not typically result in localized?
Numbness
A ____ needle holder is used to grasp suture needles.
Olsen Hegar
Which of the following instruments is not used for dilating, probing, and visualizing
Olsen Hegar needle holder
When collecting a throat swab from a patient for the rapid test or routine culture, you swab?
Only the peritonsillar area
Which of the following is not a symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)?
Pain in joints with swelling
Acetest
Pregnancy
Which hormone is responsible for developing breast tissue and stimulating the secretion of milk from the mammary glands?
Prolactin
The cause of primary osteoporosis is believed to be a combination of all but which of the following?
Prolonged inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D
When documenting in the patient's chart and on the log books, the initials ___ would be used in the case of not having enough urine to perform the ordered testing, unless otherwise specified per laboratory protocol?
QNS (quanity not sufficient)
Collected at any time of the day without special preparation
Random Urine Sample
perform with sterile catheter in conjunction with cystoscopy
Retrograde pyelogram
What is the normal value of mucus in a urine sample?
Slight
Urine should be?
Slightly acidic
High frequecy sound waves
Sonogram
High frequency sound waves conducted through a transducer
Sonogram
Which of these statements is false?
Surgical instruments typically have numerous functions.
Reduce insulin resistance by modulating activity of nuclear transcription factors
Thiazolidinediones
Extreme clinical development of hyperthyroidism
Thyroid storm
Phantom limb is often described by patients as a ____ sensation.
Tingling
The lymph tissue in the ____ intercepts antigens invading the upper respiratory tract?
Tonsils and adenoids
Which of the following is not a common surgical position?
Trendelenburg
Cryosurgery is sometimes referred to as?
Using extremely cold temperature
In the United States, you are least likely to contract HIV through
a blood transfusion
Bacilli-shaped organisms
are rod-shaped. (Think of a fat hyphen; this is how they appear under the microscope.)
Benign tumors usually
are slow growing
Cocci-shaped organisms
are very round; the Latin term coccus means "berry shaped".
Which diagnostic procedure permits direct visual inspection of a joint?
arthroscopy
After age 40, women are urged to have a mammography every ____ years.
1-2
Generally a sufficient amount of urine for testing would fill a ______ test tube with enough left over to wet the chemical test strip and be used for culture if ordered
10 mL
A surgical procedure was performed at the outpatient surgery center, and the patient was instructed to return to the office for removal of the staples. When you take the bandage off, you notice that the site is infected. What should you do first?
Alert the provider and obtain instructions on how to proceed.
can last from 30 to 60 minutes
An MRI
With involved fractures, such as compound or comminuted, surgical procedure is often necessary either to repair the skin and surrounding tissues or to place all the small bone fragments in position. This procedure is called?
An open reduction
Because a mammogram is often very uncomfortable and even sometimes painful for many women, which of the following suggestion(s) might be helpful in reducing discomfort?
At the advice of the provider, a mild analgesic may be taken to relieve any discomfort or aching the patient might experience.
Contrast Media
Barium and water mixture
Work to lower sugar levels by blocking the release of glucose by the liver
Biguanides
Which of the following statement is not true as a general rule to follow when cleaning and caring for instruments
Blood, tissue, and other body fluids must be allowed to dry on an instrument
Which of the following statements is not true as a general rule to follow when cleaning and caring for instruments?
Blood, tissue, and other body fluids must be allowed to dry on an instrument.
The pituitary gland is attached to what organ?
Brain
During a barium enema, patients should be told to?
Breathe through the mouth slowly and deeply
Which conditions might be diagnosed in a sputum specimen?
Cancer, tuberculosis, bacterial infections, fungal infections, and viral infections
Which of the following conditions is caused by the compression of the median nerve at the wrist?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Requires the patient to clean external genitalia prior to collection of the specimen
Clean-catch midstream
A common injury among children is the ________fracture that involves the breaking of the distal end of the radius, causing a characteristic bulge at the wrist.
Colles
A "duck waddle" walk is a sign of?
Congenital hip dysplasia
The longest bone in any species is the:
Femur
An immovable joint is called synarthrosis or:
Fibrous
The phalanges are the?
Fingers and toes
Collected when the patient first wakes up in the morning and is the most concentrated, yielding the most accurate results
First morning specimen
Greenstick bone breaks incompletely
Greenstick
About a month or two after infection with HIV, people may exhibit which of the following symptoms?
Headache, fever, and fatigue
Which type of T lymphocytes produce lymphokines, which assist other lymphocytes and phagocytes in performing their functions?
Helper T cells
The X-ray was discovered in 1895 by:
Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen
The most common local anesthetic agents are
Xylocaine and novocaine
Staples are removed with a device known as
a staple extractor
Sutureless closures closures are
a type of adhesive material
If you notice that a urine specimen has a very strong amonia like smell, it probably indicates that the patient has
a urinary tract infection
Which technique has replaced the cholecystogram?
abdominal ultrasound
Which of the following conditions is characterized by overgrowth of cartilaginous and connective tissue?
acromegaly
The principal hormone of the medulla is:
adrenaline
The substance used to encourage bacterial growth is called ____:
agar
Spiral-shaped organisms
also referred to as spirochetes, are corkscrew- shaped.
Urine specimens that have a high number of bacteria will have a characteristic smell of
ammonia
Series of recently approved drugs that increase the presence of gut hormones which are advantageous for insulin secretion and decrease glucagon levels.
antidiabetic drugs
Unless the manufacturer's instructions state otherwise, proper handling of reagent strips includes all but which of the following
keeping them refrigerated
The adrenal gland sit atop the:
kidney
Where is the thyroid gland located?
larynx
After ingesting barium, a patient's stool may appear:
lighter in color than usual
Which of the following substances is commonly used in cryosurgery to destroy tissue?
liquid nitrogen
When the blood sugar level falls too low, the hormone glucagon is released, causing the ____ to release stored glycogen into the blood.
liver
hormone that increases skin pigmentation
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Hematuria
might indicate liver disease when detected
In an all-liquid diet, the patient may have all of the following, except:
milk
Icotest
negative
PH
normal urine, slightly acid
A brown color when describing urine is usually associated with
old blood