Mechatronics Midterm 2020
A confined space is...
Large enough for a worker to enter and preform jobs,
Characteristics of a confined space
Large enough for workers to enter and perform certain jobs, Limited or restrict means for entry and exit, Not designed for continuous occupancy
Types of Leather Canvas or Metal Mesh gloves
Leather and Canvas, Aluminized, Aramid fiber
Glove categories
Leather, canvas or metal mesh. Fabric and coated fabric. Chemical- and liquid-resistant gloves. Insulating rubber gloves
Work gloves fall into four primary categories, based on the type of workplace hazard:
Leather, canvas, or metal mesh gloves
Goal of continuous movement
Is about infinite improvement that is about reaching the ultimate goal of lean manufacturing, which is maximum value to customer and zero waste.
The output of a positive displacement pump?
It produces flow but not actually pressure
Construction Waste
Items that are used up, damaged, or mishandled, that may be hazardous waste.
Error Proofing
Jidoka method that is meant to prevent human error and uses poka-yoka
To use the probe, the operator moves the machine axes manually, this process is called _____
Jogging
Best practices for power tools - 13
Keep all tools in good conditions with regular maintenance, Use the right tool for the job, examine each tool for damage before each use, operate tools according to the manufactures instructions, properly use the right PPE
Circular Saw
Keep hands on the handles while the saw is in operation. The blade spins, and the guard moves out of the way automatically as the saw enters the work material
Basic rules of defensive Driving
Keeping watchful eyes on road, driving at safe speeds, yield the right of way, wearing seatbelt.
Filler / Breather
Keeps the pressure near atmospheric also has a cap that can be unscrewed to add oil and filter oil into the reservoir
Recycling and reusing can provide additional benefits, including:
Less demand there is for new landfills and disposal facilities, Fewer landfills and disposal facilities means less environmental impact, provide a cost-effective alternative to using virgin resources, Recovered and recyclable materials may qualify as charitable donations, resulting in tax benefits.
Hazardous atmosphere could be one with:
Levels of flammable gas, vapor, or mist that are more than 10% of the substances lower flammable limit, Airborne combustible dust at or above the substances lower flammable limit, Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5%, Any other conditions immediately dangerous to life or health.
Common causes of chronic back injuries
Lifting long items, lifting and carrying sheet metal, moving heavy materials up and down, raising and lowering walls and raising roof trusses
Relief Valve
Limits the system pressure to safe levels
Supply line
Line that provides hydraulic fluid throughout the system
The preferred measure of a hydraulic system flow rate in SI units
Liters Per Minute
Return line
Live that returns oil to the reservoir
X and Y coordinates for part zero
Located at the same corner used to dimension part of features in a drawing
What determines the best suited respirator?
Location (indoors or outdoors) and materials being used
Beam Levels
Long Levels
Reasons for hearing protection
Loudness, Duration of exposure, Movement between work areas with different noise levels, One source of noise or multiple
The need for hearing protection is based on several factors:
Loudness, which is measured in A-weighted decibels The duration of your exposure (how long the noise lasts)
lean manufacturing Methods
Low inventory level
Frictional resistance causes the pressure to downstream of each fluid component to be.....
Lower
what symbol is used to identify the start of a program
%
Value added per Employee Formula
(Number of products sold x price per unit) / number of employees (units in USD)
What do employers do to address PPE needs?
- Determine remaining hazards
What should you look for on a chemical bottle?
- The name of the chemical
Skull and Cross Bones Sign
-Acute Toxicity (fatal or toxic)
First Aid Emergency Response
-An accident can occur at any time or in any place. If you are the first person to arrive at the scene, dial 911.
Environment Sign
-Aquatic Toxicity
Risks of a trench
-Asphyxiation related to lack of oxygen
Hazard Health Sign
-Carcinogen
Cleaning Surfaces and Spills
-Cleaning works by using soap (or detergent) and water to physically remove dirt and germs from surfaces. This process does not necessarily kill germs. However, lifting dirt and germs off of surfaces and rinsing them away with water lowers the risk of spreading infection.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
-Cover any open wounds, sores, or cuts with a bandage before putting on other PPE.
How to preform Negative Pressure Test
-Cover the Respirator Inhalation Valve with your hands.
Care for Eye-Related Injuries
-DO NOT squeeze your eyes shut in the event of a chemical splash.
Air Purifying Respirators
-Disposable Particulate Masks
Non-Toxic particulate materials:
-Drywall
Exploding Bomb Sign
-Explosives
Protect your respirator from...
-Extreme heat or cold
What are the Focus Four?
-Fall hazards
Toxic particulate materials:
-Fiberglass
Flame Sign
-Flammables
Gas Cylinder Sign
-Gases Under Pressure
What are the types of fall protection?
-Guardrails
Dangerous hazards in a confine space may include:
-Hazardous environmental conditions.
Common Bloodborne Pathogens
-Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Supplied Air Respirators
-Hood Systems
Coupling Symbol
-I I-
Care for an Unconscious Victim
-If the victim is unconscious, dial 911. If the person is face down, roll him or her to a face-up position, keeping the head, neck, and back in a straight line.
Exclamation Mark Sign
-Irritant (skin and eye)
Checking a Victim
-Is conscious
Entry Supervisor's duties are....
-Knowing space hazards
Authorized Entrants duties are...
-Knowing the space hazards
A hazardous atmosphere can include:
-Levels of Flammable Gas
Precautions for Working With Chemicals
-Never eat, drink, or smoke around chemicals in the work area.
Flame Over Circle Sign
-Oxidizers
When working in confined spaces, be sure to:
-Plan the job before entering the space.
Types of Eyewash Stations
-Plumbed eyewash stations
To reduce risks of working for other employees, workers must....
-Post signs and other warning to warn others what's ahead.
Attendant's duties are...
-Remaining outside the permit space during operations.
Handling Contaminated Materials
-Safely dispose of contaminated materials during and after the cleanup process so that you prevent exposure to other people. Continue to wear your PPE during the disposal process. You may take off PPE only after you have removed, disinfected, and disposed of all contaminated items.
Corrosion Sign
-Skin Corrosion/Burns
Examples of a confined spaces:
-Storage tank
Before workers arrive, employers must...
-Test to be sure conditions are safe for workers to enter.
Permit Required Confined Space has...
-The space to be entered.
First Aid Kit Types
-Type I kits: are designed for indoor use and are permanently mounted to a wall or other structure.
Major types of fall hazards include...
-Unprotected roof edges
types of caught in/ between hazards
-being pulled into or caught in machinery and equipment.
Electrical hazards
-contact with power lines
ways to turn off electricity
-main breaker
Strong ropes
-manila
Quick-Connect fittings Symbol
-o>-I
Electrical shocks can cause ...
-pain
functions of GFCI outlets
-prevent injuries caused by electrical short circuits with immediate shutoff
Types of Struck by hazards?
-struck-by flying object
Jidoka steps
1. Discover something wrong with process
Sections of the SDS
1. Identification
Eight Deadly Wastes
1. Overproduction
How to test air quality:
1. ensure that proper oxygen levels are present
A typical fire extinguisher will contain around how seconds of extinguishing power?
10
How long does the typical fire extinguisher last?
10 seconds
Non-Mandatory sections of the SDS
12. Ecological Information
When did OSHA establish the Personal Protective Equipment Standard?
1994
2-D Workspace Plane
2 aligned coordinate axis's whos origin points are located at the same point
how does a gear pump work?
2 gears, driven by electric motors, spin creating a vacuum sucking up the oil.
Pliers
2 levers that share a fulcrum.
how many types of quick connect fittings are there?
2 male and female
Key methods of lean standardization
5s and standardized work
OSHA requires fall protection in construction at how many feet?
6
Positive Displacement Pump
A pump that produces flow based on the speed of the pumps shaft. Flow rate increases as shaft rate increases.
Cartesian Coordinate System
A rectangular coordinate system created by three perpendicular coordinate axes, labeled X, Y, and Z.
Machine Zero
A reference point. This is the location of the machine's controller known as the zero position, or origin of each axis
Coordinate
A set of 2 or more numbers that describes the location of an object or position by numerically expressing its distance from a fixed position
Entrapping design
A space where the walls converge inward or where the floor slopes or tapers own. This could cause a worker to slip or fall into a space that is too tight to escape or to be forced into adjacent machinery
Part/Program Zero Point
A temporary offset position. Located at x0, y0, and z0
D)Parallel Machining Center
A turning center
what is a turning center?
A turning center is a lathe with a computer numerical control (CNC) , a tool changer, and an enclosure
Coordinate Axis Numbering
A two-dimensional number line, for example, two perpendicular number lines or axes. This is a typical coordinate system: The horizontal axis is called the x-axis and the vertical axis is called the y-axis
Variable displacement pump
A type of Positive displacement pump that can be adjusted to different speeds for different levels of flow
Fixed displacement pump
A type of Positive displacement pump that moves at a fixed rate
Gear Pump
A type of fixed displacement pump the least expensive pump often used for basic, low cost applications where energy efficiency is not important
Rotameter
A type of flow meter:
Turbine Flow meter
A type of flow meter: as fluid goes through the body of the flow meter, it begins to spin the turbines, and activating an electronic sensor that measures the flow rate
Turbine Flowmeter
A type of flowmeter that has blades on the inside. When the blades rotate a sensor inside this sends a pulse and the pulse is converted into a flow rate
Positive Displacement Pump
A type of pump that produces flow based off of the speed of the pumps shaft. Remember; They produce flow, not pressure
Check Valve
A valve that allows flow in one direction but completely blocks flow in the opposite direction.
A check valve
A valve that allows flow in one direction but prevents flow in the opposite direction.
Check Valve
A valve that allows flow in one direction but prevents flow in the opposite direction.
Major advantage of hydraulics
A very small pump can generate a very large by using a large cylinder
A schematic
A visual shorthand drawing of a circuit, where symbols represent components
What is a technician?
A worker in a field of technology who is trained in the applicable skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles.
adjustable wrench
A wrench with a movable jaw that can be adjusted to fit different size bolts or nuts.
abrasive metal cutting saw
An abrasive metal cutting saw saw is typically a table-top tool meant for cutting hard materials like metal and is distinguishable by the type of blade or disc it uses. The cutting action of this kind of saw is performed by an abrasive disc which is very similar to discs found on grinding wheels but much thinner.
Suction Side Operation
An operation done in a gear pump where a partial vacuum is created at the inlet of the pump. the vacuum then allows atmospheric pressure to force fluid into the pump through the suction line
Coordinates
An ordered pair of numbers that identify a point on a coordinate plane
How often should the employee be retrained about the written respiratory protection program for the worksite respirator use?
Annually
Toyota Production System (TPS)
Another term for lean systems; refers to the specific lean system implemented at Toyota.
fluid
Any material that can flow
transportation
Any movement of material in a facility is waste
Environment Pictogram (non-mandatory)
Aquatic Toxicity
5 whys
Asking the same question over and over again to make sure you don't miss anything and possibly get the root of the problem
The "competent person" should be trained in scaffold safety and must supervise when a scaffold is:
Assembled, changed, moved, or taken apart.
Standard work
Assembly instructions assigned to an individual task or product
Who is stationed outside a confined space to maintain contact with and monitor authorized entrants?
Attendants
The four A's of defensive driving
Awareness, Anticipation, Analysis, Action
(A,B,C,D)
B
D)up or down
B
How can a needle valve reduce the speed of a actuator
By restricting the fluid flow rate
(A,B,C,D)
C
Drill/ Driver
Can be used at high speed to drill holes using a twist drill. Can be used to drive, or remove screws at lower speed. Has an adjustable clutch, which allows you to set how much force the drill applies.
Health Hazard Pictogram
Carcinogens
what system is used to identify point locations?
Cartesian coordinate system
Class C Fires
Caused by a spark, power surge or short circuit and typically occur in locations that are difficult to reach or see. Energized electrical equipment such as wiring, controls, appliances, switches, panel boxes, motors
What is the most serious and deadly excavating and trenching hazard?
Cave-ins
Administrative Changes
Changes in how and when workers do their jobs like cycling workers to different tasks to reduce fatigue
Needle valve function in a hydraulic circuit.
Changes the fluid passage from blocked to fully open
Flow Control Valve
Check valve that can control the speed in the direction that allows flow.
Ball Check Valve
Check valve that uses a spring to press a ball against the seat to restrict flow.
Poppet Check Valve
Check valve that uses a spring to press a poppet against the seat to restrict flow.
Air Compressor Valves
Check valves that control the inflow and outflow in a piston air compressor.
What component of a Lathe holds the workpiece?
Chuck
Most stable soil type
Class A
Not all fire extinguishers are the same. They are designed to handle different types of fires, so it is very important to understand which extinguisher should be used on which type of fire. The wrong choice could make a fire worse. Fire extinguishers are color-coded and labeled to indicate the class of fire they are effective against:
Class A Fires : Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and some plastics
The four classes of fire extinguishers typically used in construction are A, B, C, and D. Each class is designed to put out a different type of fire:
Class A extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary combustibles such as wood and paper.
Less stable soil type and can break apart
Class B
Soil type most risky with granular (sandy) soil and/ or a wet trench
Class C
Maintaining head gear
Clean periodically, inspect before every use. Do not store in direct sunlight. Paints, paint thinners, and some cleaning agents can weaken the shell of a hard hate and eliminate electrical resistance
Fire Hazards
Cleaning solvents and supplies
Common flammable items on construction sites:
Cleaning solvents and supplies, Stored paints and solvents, Glues, Oxygen/acetylene and other pressurized gases, Oil, Gasoline
How to conduct a positive pressure test
Close the exhalation valve by covering it with your hand, Breathe out slowly (the face piece should bulge out slightly), Hold your break for approximately 10 seconds. If no air leaks out, you know you have a good fit; If you do have leaks, adjust the head straps and repeat the test
Certain types of jobs may require full-body protection to keep you safe. In particular, full-body protection may guard against:
Cuts
Risks that require full body protection
Cuts, Temperature extremes, Impact from tools, machinery, or materials, Radiation exposure, Hot splashes, and Hazardous chemicals
An actuator that produces linear motion is called a _____
Cylinder
An actuator that produces linear motion is called what?
Cylinder
(A,B,C,D)
D
Employee Responsibilities in Emergency Situations
Know how to sound the alarm, Know how to report a fire, spill, or other incident (Dial 911 in most cities), Know names and numbers of people to contact in an emergency, Know the sound of the emergency alarm, Know your responsibilities of shutting down operations and systems, and for closing off potentially dangerous materials, Know location of first aid supplies and fire extinguishers, Know your assigned evacuation route, Know your assigned assembly point
3-D coordinates
Describes every point in three-dimensional space by means of three coordinates. Three coordinate axes are given, each perpendicular to the other two at the origin, the point at which they cross. They are usually labeled x, y, and z.
Toe guards
Designed to fit over the toes of regular shoes; protect toes from impact and compression hazards and are typically made of steel, aluminum, or plastic
Entry Supervisors
Determine if conditions are acceptable for permit space entry, Authorize, Oversee, Start and stop work in the space, Terminate entry and cancel permit when permit operations are completed or when condition not allowed by the permit comes up in or near the space
To pick the right piece of equipment the employee should _____
Determine what hazards remain
Definition of Entry Supervisors:
Determines if conditions are acceptable for permit space entry and authorize, oversee, start, and stop work in the space. They terminate and cancel the permit when the permit operations are completed or when a condition not allowed by the permit comes up.
What is the Focus Four?
Developed to help you understand the major hazards in the construction industry, as well as you and your employer's responsibilities.
types of pliers
Diagonal Cutters, Linesman Pliers, Channel Lock Pliers, Standard Pliers, Needle Nose Pliers
What is a hydraulic circuit schematic?
Different symbols are used to show if the component is pressurized.
Air-purifying respirators Types
Disposable particulate masks, Purifying half-mask respirators, Purifying full-mask respirators, Gas masks, Powered _______________ respirators
A type of cylinder that needs to be powered in both directions
Double acting cylinder
What type of cylinder that needs to be powered in both directions is called what?
Double-acting cylinder
What is the costly time period when a machine is not running called?
Downtime
pneumatic nailer
Drives clips of adhesive-coated nails with air pressure; used for rapid assembly of platforms and similar structures
Pneumatic Nailer
Drives clips of adhesive-coated nails with air pressure; used for rapid assembly of platforms and similar structures.
Distracted Driving
Driving a vehicle while engaged with another activity.
Non-toxic particulate materials such as dust and fiber from
Drywall, Plaster, Wood, Flooring, Roofing materials, Concrete
The risks that exist for potential eye injuries include:
Dust, dirt, metal, or wood chips from things like chipping, sawing, hammering, grinding, or blowing winds
Potential eye injuries
Dust, dirt, metal, or wood chips from things like chipping, sawing, hammering, grinding, or blowing winds. Objects swinging into the face. Radiant energy from welding and use of lasers, heat glare, sparks, and/or splash. Chemical splashes from corrosive materials, hot liquids, solvents, or harmful solutions
What are respiratory risks that can cause lung damage?
Dusts, Vapors, Fogs, Mists/Sprays, Gases, Fumes, Smoke
Employers must provide their employees with PPE, and they also must ensure that their employees are using the equipment and using it properly on the job.
Effective ways to ensure compliance:
Types of Osha Tools
Electric Tools, Pneumatic tools, Liquid fuel tools, Powder-actuated tools, Hydraulic tools.
Handling the Cord
Electrical cord should not be yanked on or bear weight. these actions will weaken the cord at the plug or where it connects to the tool. Keeps cords away from heat, oil, and sharp edges
OSHA defines in detail the exits that must be available (29 CFR 1926.34). It also requires written emergency plans for most companies (29 CFR 1926.35) that include:
Emergency escape procedures and routes
OSHA requirees emergency plans for most companies to include:
Emergency escape procedures and routs, Procedures for employees who operate critical operations prior to evacuating, Procedures to account for employees following emergency evacuation, Rescue and medial duties of assigned employees, Means of reporting emergencies, People to contact for further information
Definition of Authorized Entrants:
Employees authorized by entry supervisor and are trained to work in a permit space.
Authorized entrants
Employees authorized by the entry supervisor and trained to work in a permit space
Authorized Entrant responsibilities
Know space hazards, Use the correct PPE, Maintain communication so that the attendant can monitor the entrant's status or alert the entrant to evacuate, Exiting from permit space ASAP when an order from authorized person is given, warning signs or symptoms of exposure are noticed, a prohibited condition is identified, or automatic alarm is activated, Altering the attendant when a prohibited condition exists or warning signs or symptoms of exposure exist
What is one of OSHA most frequently cited violations?
Failure to keep exits continuously maintained and free of all obstructions
Wear protective footwear if your job presents risk for foot or leg injuries from:
Falling or rolling objects (e.g., barrels, tools)
Risks for foot or leg injuries:
Falling or rolling objects, materials that could crush or penetrate your feet or legs, exposure to hot substances and corrosive or poisonous materials, electrical hazards (wear non-conductive footwear), static electricity (wear conductive footwear)
(True/False)
False
A hydraulic jack does not need to be centered correctly. (True/False)
False
Air purifying respirators have a separate air supply
False
Always use alignment guides while shooting fasteners unless you are shooting into an existing hole. (True/False)
False
Hands-free phones take away the risk of distracted driving and should be used instead of regular phones. (True/False)
False
Hydraulic power tools must always use fire-resistant fluid. (True/False)
False
Loose fitting clothing, jewelry, and long hair pose no threat while using power tools. (True/False)
False
OSHA allows you to remove guards from power tools if they impede your actions. (True/False)
False
Pre-load power-actuated tools at least 10 mins before use. (True/False)
False
Repeatedly handling heavy materials in the same way builds your ability to do so. (True/False)
False
T or F, A reaming tool is used to create threaded holes?
False
To avoid back injury, it is preferred to hold a load ABOVE your head. (True/False)
False
True or False
False
True or False: It is okay if there is improper scaffold construction as long as you are wearing the proper protection.
False
True or False: It is okay to work when there are unprotected openings and leading edges because I am wearing a hard hat.
False
True or False: You can use a personal fall arrest system to hoist material.
False
Whenever possible, lift sheet materials off of the ground as opposed to a table or shelf. (True/False)
False
You can lift load up to 100 pounds without getting help. (True/False)
False
Distracted driving claimed the lives of 316 people in 2017 alone. (True/False)
False (3,166 people)
Leather, suede, and loose fitting gloves can be used to protect yourself from power drill and screwdriver related injuries. (True/False)
False (Loose Fitting Gloves Cannot be Used with Power Drills)
True or False
Falses
Disposing of Mercury- Filled Products
Familiar items, such as mercury switches from appliances or vehicles, should be stored in a covered container marked "Mercury Switches for Recycling." In some communities, consolidation sites take the switches at no cost to your organization and recover the mercury for reuse. Some areas have transporters who will haul them away for a fee.
Toxic particulate materials
Fiberglass, Asbestos dust, Lead dust, and Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Suction strainer/Filter
Filters out harmful products from entering the hydraulic system from the reservoir
Class D Fires
Fires fueled by combustible materials such as magnesium and sodium. Fires caused by flammable metals
Quick-Connect fitting
Fittings that allow easy connect/removal of a hose
Class B Fires
Flammable or combustible liquids. Can spread rapidly and can reflash after flames are extinguished. Examples: Gases, Solvents, Oil, Gasonline, Kerosene, Paint, Paint Thinners, and Propane
Flame Pictogram
Flammables
A fixed displacement pump that creates ___ not pressure?
Flow
Two causes of Fluid Power Resistance
Fluid Friction and Load resistance
OSHA requirements (29 CFR 1926.102) state that employees must have eye or face protection if their work exposes them to hazards such as:
Flying particles
Must have eye protection to protect themselves from hazards such as:
Flying particles, Molten metal, Liquid chemicals, Acids or other caustic liquids, Chemical gases or vapors, Potentially infected material, Harmful light radiation
Quadrants
Four regions into which a coordinate plane is divided by the x-axis and the y-axis
Safety glassses
Frames should be made out of metal or plastic and with impact-resistant lenses. Some varieties will include side shields
Liquid Fuel-powered Tools
Fuel-powered tools are usually operated with gasoline. The benefit of liquid powered tools is that no extension cord or air hose is required
welder
Fusing two pieces of material using a heat process; most commonly used with metal and plastics
what commands control straight line movement?
G00 and G01
what command moves the tool to machine home
G28
Where do VOC's come from?
Gases that evaporate from caulks, sealants, coatings, paints, cleaning agents, and fuels, giving these materials their odors
Volatile Organic Compounds
Gases that have an odor and evaporate from:
Glass Cylinder Pictogram
Gases under Pressure
Liquid level gauge
Gauge that indicated the level of hydraulic fluid in the reservoir
What pump creates a partial vacuum by using two intermeshing gears
Gear Pump
Weather Hazard
Give yourself extra time to arrive at your destination safely if you know rain, snow, storms, or any type of bad weather is in the forecast.
Nitrile gloves
Gloves made of copopolymer gloves that provide protection against from chlorinated solvents. Primary benefits jobs requiring dexterity and sensitivity. Hold up to heavy use and work well with oils, greases, acids, caustics, and alcohol
Latex Rubber gloves
Gloves that have excellent tensile strength and elasticity, resist abrasions during grinding and polishing processes, protect well around water solutions of acids, alkalis, salts, and ketones. can cause allergic reactions
Butyl gloves
Gloves that made of a synthetic rubber and protect against a wide variety of chemicals, highly corrosive acids, alcohols, and ketones
House of Lean
Graphic that shows the goals and methods of lean manufacturing
Common Health Hazards
Harmful dusts, flammables, chemicals, or radiation
horizontal band saw
Has a horizontal blade supported by two wheels; can produce simple, straight cut or more complex contouring operations.
Impact Driver
Has a mechanism which applies a hammer type of force to the screw or bolt to tighten or loosen. Louder than a typical Drill. Very good at breaking loose fasteners. Speed and Force are not adjustable
Ball check valve
Has a spring to press the ball against the seat.
Poppet check valve
Has a spring to press the poppet against the seat.
Vertical Bandsaw
Has a vertical blade supported by two wheels; can produce simple, straight cut or more complex contouring operations.
Hazards of permit-required confined spaces
Hazardous atmospheric conditions, Engulfment potential, Entrapping design
Single-use Earplugs
Hearing protection made of waxed cotton, foam, silicone rubber, or fiberglass wool. They are self-forming and, when properly inserted, work as well as most molded earplugs
Earmuffs
Hearing protection that requires a perfect seal around the ear. Glasses, facial hair, long hair, or facial movements (e.g. chewing) may reduce their protective value
Pre-formed or molded earplgus
Hearing protection that requires professional fitting and can be disposable or reusable. Clean after each use
Belt Sander/ Disk Sander
Helpful for sanding pieces while you hold them flat on the table. Should provide nice 90 degree angles relative to the table.
Supplied-air respirators types
Hood systems, Full suit, Emergency escape breathing apparatus (EEBA), Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
On a _______ milling Machine the tool moves up and down, in and out?
Horizontal
If you have not already had a safety briefing, ask for one so you can understand the work site, the hazards you work with, and the safety procedures related to evacuation. Some topics in this meeting should include:
How to sound the alarms
The three main components of a hydraulic power unit
Hydraulic Pump
Meter-In Control Valve
Hydraulic circuit that uses a flow control valve to control the flow of oil entering the actuator.
Meter-Out Control Valve
Hydraulic circuit that uses a flow control valve to control the flow of oil leaving the actuator.
Pressurized fluid used in hydraulic systems.
Hydraulic fluid
Hydraulic Jacks
Hydraulic jacks are used in the construction industry for lifting equipment and vehicles such as bulldozers, forklifts, trailers, and excavators.
Hydraulic Power Tools
Hydraulic power tools operate on the basis of a fluid that is put under great pressure. The most commonly used source to pressurize the fluid is a separate power unit, which is a small gasoline engine connected to a hydraulic pump.
Latex Rubber gloves alternatives for those who are allergic to latex
Hypoallergenic gloves, glove liners, or powderless gloves
Annual safety review documentation should include:
Identifying information about the workplace evaluated, Name of the person conducting the assessment, date of the assessment
Z-Axis
In a three-dimensional graphic, this usually refers to depth, and moves the CNC forward and back
JOG mode (jogging)
In this mode, the CNC machine is used to operate manually
Inform your supervisor if you see any of the following:
Inappropriately installed and maintained erosion controls, Vehicles or equipment leaking fuel, oil, or other fluids, Stormwater or other runoff flowing through exposed areas of the construction site, Uncovered earth that should be covered with vegetation, mulch, or other erosion control measures.
Unproductive Employees
Increases the cost per part and lowers the company profits.
Gauge pressure
Indicates the amount of pressure above atmospheric pressure
Liquid Level Gage
Indicates the level of oil in the reservoir
What is the first thing you should do when there is a fire?
Inform others
Work Practices
Initial and ongoing training for employees on how to perform their jobs safely
Excess Inventory
Inventory that is not needed for next operation or consumer
Exclamation Mark Pictogram
Irritant (skin & eye)
Effects of toxic particulates
Irritate lungs, make existing conditions worse, serious long-term health affects like emphysema or cancer
Effects of VOCs
Irritate your eyes, nose, and throat, cause headaches, drowsiness, and dizziness, make prior conditions like asthma worse
Entry Supervisor responsiblities
Knowing space hazards, Verifying emergency plans and specified entry conditions, Terminating entry, Cancelling permits when work is completed, Suspending permits if a new condition comes up, Take appropriate measure to remove unauthorized entrants, Ensuring entry operations remain consistent with the entry permit and acceptable conditions are maintained
Factors to consider when choosing protective gloves:
Knowing what type of chemicals may be handled, nature of the contact with chemicals, area requiring protection, grip requirements, thermal protection, size and comfort, abrasion/resistance requirements
Not all gloves are created equal when it comes to providing the right type of protection. Factors you should consider when choosing protective gloves include:
Knowing what type of chemicals, if any, may be handled
Operating Power Tools
The person operating power tools needs to be in the right condition to work, never use power tools when in a hurry, tired, or after drinking alcohol
What is the production area?
The place in which goods and articles are produced.
What is the president of the company responsible for?
The plant's success and growth.
Cartesian
The point location of a CNC lathe is based on _________ coordinate system.
Resistance creates pressure
The pressure is caused by the resistance in the system to the flow produced by the pump.
What is production control?
The process of planning, scheduling, and routing materials, parts, and assemblies within the plant from start to finish.
Defensive Driving
The process of using driving strategies to minimize risk and avoid accidents.
Suction Line
The pump draws oil from the reservoir through this
Pressure Side Operation
The pump pushes fluid through the outlet line into the pressure lines of the system. fluid is returned to the reservoir both trough power supply relief valve and through the return lines of the system
What is the shipping and receiving area responsible for?
The receipt of materials used to manufacture products and where finished products are prepared and shipped to costumers.
Lean requirements
The requirement for new thinking and leaders willing to lead a company's cultural support and committing to change.
What is the responsibility of the maintenance department?
To maintain the production equipment so that it runs well and does not fail unexpectedly.
What is the role of the plant manager?
To manage the functions of production.
What is the responsibility of the Quality Assurance (QA) department?
To monitor and measure production processes to ensure that they produce products to the customer's specifications.
Locating Part Zero: Electronic Probe
To set the part zero point at the part corner in the CNC controller, This is the most accurate method that inserts a special electronic probe in the tool holder.
What is the role of production machine operators?
To set up, monitor, and control the machines that manufacture the product.
Face shields
Transparent sheets of plastic extend from the eyebrows to below the chin, covering the entire width of your head. Some are polarized for glare protection. Their purpose is to protect against nuisance dust and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids. Face shields do not provide protection from impact hazards.
(True/False)
True
A jack should never be used to support a lifted load, meaning once the load is lifted, it must immediately be blocked up. (True/False)
True
A powder-actuated tool should not operate unless it is pressed against a surface with at least 5 pounds greater than the total weight of the tool itself. (True/False)
True
Because of high mercury concentrations in fish, all of the Great Lakes have issued advisories over the years cautioning people to limit how much fish they eat or avoid certain types of fish. (True/False)
True
Do not assume that another driver will yield the right of way to you just because you have it. (True/False)
True
Every 30 seconds someone is involved in a vehicle accident caused by cell phone use. (True/False)
True
Hydraulic power tools operate on the basis of a fluid that is put under great pressure. (True/False)
True
If people are not working and not wearing proper PPE, keep them out of the work area. (True/False)
True
Nail Guns are powered by explosive shells. (True/False)
True
Never stand in the plane of rotation of the wheel as it accelerates to its full operating speed. (True/False)
True
Operating a power tool while standing on a ladder or platform that is too short or shaky is hazardous and against regulations. (True/False)
True
Pad your shoulder when lifting heavy and long loads. (True/False)
True
Place the heaviest items on the bottom when using dollies and hand trucks. (True/False)
True
Pneumatic tools that shoot nails, rivets, staples, or similar fasteners and operate at pressures more than 100 pounds per square inch (psi) must be equipped with a special device to ensure that fasteners can only be ejected when the muzzle is pressed against the actual work surface. (True/False)
True
Reaching, stretching, and overextending to raise and lower heavy materials can pose significant risk to the soft tissues in your back, shoulders, and neck. (True/False)
True
Stretch before physically demanding activity. (True/False)
True
T or F, an axis is a direction is in which a machine component moves
True
The back can be strained with bending, reaching, twisting, and lifting. (True/False)
True
The tools in lathes are called cutting tools. T or F
True
True Or False
True
True or False
True
True or False: Portable ladders are prone to ladder slip therefore they are not safe.
True
True or False: a fall from even the smallest of stepladders can result in significant injury or death.
True
When attempting to gain leverage with a pry bar or other tool, be sure you are firmly planted. (True/False)
True
When driving in a motor vehicle you should always yield the right of way. (True/False)
True
When using pneumatic tools, employees are required to use eye protection, and head and face protection is recommended. (True/False)
True
What do you do in the case of an electricity related emergency?
Turn off the power immediately. A few seconds can literally mean the difference between life and death.
A tool changer, or _____, change
Turret
Ladder classifications
Type IA
Things to consider when choosing the correct respirator
Type of hazard, Form of hazard, Toxicity of hazard, Level of hazard's concentration, Duration of exposure, Unusual sensitivity to hazard, Does employee wear glasses, Does employee have facial hair, Will any other PPE be worn at the same time
Paper-like Fiber protective clothing
Used for disposable suits and protects against dust and splashes
Drill Bits/ Driver Bits
Used in the Drill/ Driver and Impact Driver to make holes, or to drive screws in
Miter Saw
Used to cross-cut materials: Usually long pieces of raw material into shorter lengths. The angle can be adjusted in multiple different ways for different needs
Jig Saw
Used to cut detailed shapes
Vertical Bandsaw
Used to cut large curves or odd-shaped items.
Hacksaw/ Hand Saw
Used to cut materials. Most saws cut on the Push Stroke, or when you're pushing the saw away from you. The size of the individual teeth on the blade determines what materials it can cut.
Horizontal Band Saw
Used to cut metals.
SawStop Table Saw
Used to cut straight cuts through materials, or to rip a board along its length. The fence can be adjusted to different dimensions. Blade height and angle can be adjusted.
Level
Used to determine if an object is level side to side (parallel to the horizon), or plumb (perfectly Straight up and down)
Wrench
Used to loosen and tighten Hex Head nuts and bolts. two types combination and adjustable wrenches
Ratchet and Socket
Used to loosen and tighten nuts and bolts. Can be set to loosen or tighten. Much quicker than using a wrench Not always an option, because of space
Allen Head/ Hex Key
Used to loosen or tighten Allen Head, or Hex Head Bolts or screws
Screwdriver
Used to loosen or tighten screws. Phillips, and Flat are the main types
Combination Square
Used to make 45 and 90 degree marks, on an adjustable metal ruler. Includes a bubble to determine level, and scribe to make marks.
Panel Saw
Used to make straight cuts in large pieces of sheet wood. For vertical cuts, the saw moves up and down on a track. For horizontal cuts: the saw is rotated, locked into place, and the material is moved left to right through the saw.
panel saw
Used to make straight cuts in large pieces of sheet wood. The saw has a fine toothed crosscut for sawing plywood, thin wood and large joints
Speed Square
Used to mark 90 degree angles (square), and for quickly marking angles specifically for building roofs
Quick Connect Fitting
Used to quickly connect and disconnect hydraulic components.
Metal Saw
Useful for cutting metal stock to length. Can cut ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
CNC Router
Useful for taking CAD designs, and carving them into a workpiece, or cutting out pieces from a sheet of material.
CNC Plasma Cutter
Uses a plasma cutter on a computer controlled gantry that allows the creation of complex shapes and parts.
Plasma Cutter
Uses an arc and compressed gas to create a plasma stream for cutting and gouging of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
Plasma Cutter
Uses an arc and compressed gas to create a plasma stream for cutting metal.
2-D CNC Workspace
Uses x and y coordinates to move the table to each point.
3-D CNC Workspace
Uses x, y, and z coordinates to move the table to each point.
In what condition are components of a hydraulic schematic diagrams shown?
Usually shown in the de-energized position
Value-added
Value added to a product that benefits consumer
Check Valve
Valve that allows flow in one direction and prevents it in the other.
Relief valve
Valve that limits the system pressure
Needle Valve
Valve used to lower the actuator speed if it is too high. It does this by restricting the fluid flow rate.
Relief valve
Valve used to remove excess pressure from a Hydraulic system.
What are VOCs
Volatile Organic Compounds
When approaching or waiting at intersections
Watch for drivers who seem aggressive or distracted and who could potentially run a red light.
How to reduce Power Drill and Screwdriver risks
Wear leather or suede gloves, avoid loose fitting gloves, remove the chuck key before drilling, Do not force the tool, Start slow and increase speed as needed, and wear eye protection.
Handling Lead-Acid Batteries
Wear safety glasses and acid-resistant gloves, Store batteries on sturdy, acid-resistant shelves, Do not stack batteries on top of each other, Recycle quickly as part of good housekeeping practices.
Workers are responsible for
Wearing PPE properly
Workers responsibility
Wearing PPE properly, Attending PPE training sessions, Caring for, cleaning, and maintaining PPE, Informing their supervisor of the need to repair or replace PPE
Welder
Welding fuses metal together using a powerful electric arc to create a molten pool of metal.
Extending Cylinder Load Forces
When a cylinder extends against a load, pressure is exerted over all the surfaces inside the cap end of the cylinder.
Identical Speeds
When a cylinder extends and retracts at identical speeds. This can be done using independent speed control.
Slow Approach / Fast Reset
When a cylinder must have different speeds for extending and retracting. In most cases the extension rate is required to be slow and the retraction rate be fast.
Run-Away Loads
When a cylinder operates faster than intended due to the load going in the same direction as the meter-in movement.
Independent Speed Control
When an actuator's speed must be controlled in both directions. This is done using flow control valves placed at the inlet and outlet.
Gaining Leverage and Prying
When attempting to gain leverage with a pry bar or other tool, be sure you are firmly planted, and test that the load is locked down.
How hydraulic cylinder Functions
When fluid pressure is higher on one side of the piston than the other side, the piston moves, causing the rod to extend.
personal fall arrest system
Workers wear a harness connected to a fixed anchor by a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device that hold their weight and breaks their fall before they hit the ground.
What is required before starting a new job where respirators may be required?
Written approval from a physcial or licensed healthcare professional
Can confined spaces be above ground too?
Yes
Does the ladder's weight limitation include the weight of the materials the worker is carrying up the ladder?
Yes
Who is responsible to be aware of the risks and make good health decisions for yourself?
You
Estás usando este software de traducción de forma incorrecta. Por favor, consulta el manual.
You are using this translation software incorrectly. Please consult the manual.
Reducing Your Risk of Exposure
You can protect yourself and others from pathogens and the spread of infectious diseases by using personal protective equipment (PPE), properly cleaning and disinfecting items and surfaces, effectively disposing of contaminated items, and effectively responding to and following up on an exposure incident.
To be competitive...
You must be a low cost producer
Who is responsible for protecting your lungs and selecting certified respirators based on the potential respiratory hazards?
Your employer
Who should train you on the proper way to put on your particular respirator?
Your supervisor or your facility's safety compliance officer
On a horizontal, which axis moves the spindle toward and away from the workpiece?
Z - Axis
How are gases created?
_______ become airborne at room temperature. They may have an odor or be odorless. They may be heavier or lighter than air, and they are capable of traveling long distance
Guardrails
a barrier between you and an open upper-level edge.
what is each line in g&m code called
a block
what is the component that clamps a workpeice to the lathe?
a chuck
Meter-in flow control circuit
a circuit that meters (controls) flow into the actuator (CV is placed at the actuator inlet).
A meter-out flow control circuit
a circuit that restricts oil from leaving the actuator while the entering fluid is unrestricted. *Most commonly used circuit.
what is a cnc part program?
a series of instructions of commands which direct the cnc controller to move the machines axis to specific positions
Fluid power leverage
a small input generate a very large output
Industrial type hydraulic system
a small pump replaces the small piston but the principle of hydraulic leverage still applies
what command turns the spindle on clockwise
M03
what command turns the spindle on counterclockwise
M04
what command turns the spindle off
M05
what command is used to change tools
M06
Coated Fabric gloves
Made of cotton flannel with napping on one side, the unnapped side with plastic creates a higher degree of protection and provides slip-resistant qualities, making them useful for handling bricks, wire, or chemical containers
Safety Net System
Made with strong border ropes and is strong enough to withstand a 400-pound bag.
What is this a picture of?
Manufacturing Plant Floor.
cellular layout
Manufacturing layout for pull systems where different types of machines and employees are grouped together and work in cells. Supports one-piece flow
Performance Objective
Measurable goal that allows a company to determine if it is being successful.
Performance Metric
Measure of some aspect of the result of the work or process
Machine/Employee Productivity
Measure of the amount of product produced by employee or machine over a specific period of time
Production Efficiency
Measure of the amount of product produced compared to the amount that could be produced under ideal conditions. (Also known as Standard)
Value added per employee
Measure of the value of the product that is produced per employee
Machine Utilization
Measures how much a machine is being used
Safety shoes/boots
Most common type of foot protection, usually has impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles; may also be either electrically conductive (to prevent buildup of static electricity) or non-conductive (provide protection from electrical hazards)
Abrasive Metal Cutting Saw
Mostly used for ferrous metals. Abrasive blades are cheaper but get smaller throughout their life. Throws sparks EVERYWHERE
Excess Motion
Movement by a team member that does not add value
Common Physical Hazards
Moving or falling objects
Common Physical Hazards
Moving or falling objects, Fluctuating temperatures, High-intensity lighting, Rolling or pinching objects, Faulty electrical connections, and Sharp edges
How to calculate the extend of force of a cylinder
Multiply the piston area by the pressure in the cap end of the cylinder
Prescription eyewear
Must be combined into PPE or PPE must be worn over prescription eyewear. PPE worn over prescription eyewear must not inhibit or limit your vision, or disturb the proper position of you prescription eyewear.
Rubbers that chemical/liquid-resistant gloves are made of
Natural rubber, Butyl, Neoprene, Nitrile, Fluorocarbon (Viton)
Compatibility
Near the end of every SDS is a section that describes what chemical should not be mixed with the material.
Compatibility
Near the end of every SDS is a section that describes what chemicals should not be mixed with the material.
Precautions for working with Chemicals
Never eat, drink, or smoke around chemicals (you shouldn't smoke anyway, its already bad enough)
Powder actuated tools and fasteners
Never fire fasteners into material that would allow the fasteners to pass through to the other side. Never drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material that might chip or splatter or make the fasteners ricochet.
Leaving guard in place
Never remove factory-installed guard from tools or use tools that have the guards removed. these guards prevent countless injuries every year.
Avoiding Road Rage
Never take your personal problems with you when driving, Always drive in a courteous and considerate manner, Do not tailgate someone, Avoid honking at someone unless it is necessary,
High Water Hazard
Never try to drive through high or rising water. Engines immediately fail when they ingest water, causing the vehicle to die. You could drown in this dangerous situation.
Are confined spaces always below ground?
No
Does regular prescription eyewear provide adequate protection?
No
Can all fire extinguishers put out all fires?
No, Fire extinguishers are color-coded and labeled to indicate the class of fire they are effective against (class A-Class D)
Electrical Hazard Safety Toe Shoes
Non-conductive to prevent your feet from completing an electrical circuit to the ground. Do not wear in explosive environments.
Staying Aware
Not assuming that another driver will yield the right of way, not assuming that another driver will stop at a red light, not assuming that a driver will obey a sign such as "No left turn."
When working with VOCs be sure to
Notify people in advance when the work will be done, Schedule the work for a time when fewer people will be exposed, Develop a plan for ventilating the work area during and after the time when the work is being performed, Maintain a buffer zone around the work area, Notify your supervisor of any complaints or concerns
Production Rate Formula
Number of products produced / Time employee or machine worked.
Universal Precautions
OSHA Universal Precautions policy states that employees assume ALL blood and body fluids are infectious. This includes any exposure to blood, body fluids, and dried blood. You can learn more about Universal Precautions
Caution in work zones
Obeying the posted speed limits, Increasing following distance, Minimizing distractions, Watching for other signs, Following instructions from flaggers, Merging promptly at lane closures, Watching for people (workers) in the construction zone.
OSHA mandates that employers require employees to wear hard hats if there is a risk of:
Objects falling from above that could strike the head
Hard hats are required when there is a risk of:
Objects falling from above that could strike the head. Bumping one's head into a fixed object, such as exposed pipes or beams. Accidental contact with electrical hazards
What is OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
Occupational exposure limit established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). This limit suggests the exposure a worker can have to a chemical substance, day after day, without adverse health effects; adopted by some governments as their legal limits.
Jidoka
One of the Lean Pillars. Used to design processes that so machine and people are more likely to make good parts. Designed to automatically check for nonconformance and malfunctions and be able to stop when the problem occurs. Japanese word for intelligence and humanized automation.
just-in-time (JIT)
One of the lean pillars. A production system that emphasizes the production of goods to meet actual current demand, thus minimizing the need to hold inventories of finished goods and work in process at each stage of the supply chain
A check valve can also be consider a ___
One way Directional control valve
Class A Fires
Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material. Examples: Wood, Paper, Cloth, Rubber, and some Plastics
Target Organs
Organs in your body that can be damaged by a systemic reaction to a hazardous chemical (the liver, heart, kidneys or lungs)
Target organs
Organs in your body that can be damaged by a systemic reaction to a hazardous chemical include the liver, heart, lungs, or kidneys.
Other Pneumatic Tools
Other common pneumatic tools include chippers, drills, hammers, and sanders. The most common risk factor with these tools is being struck by improperly secured or incorrectly installed attachment or fastener before using any pneumatic tool.
Flame over Circle Pictogram
Oxidizers
How to use a fire extinguisher?
PASS - Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep
Protective clothing materials
Paper-like fiber, Treated wool and cotton, Duck (a closely woven cotton fabric), Leather, Rubber
Location of Part Zero X-Y Coordinates
Part Zero is usually located in the bottom left corner of the part drawing.
Autonomation (jidoka)
Part of jidoka about design processes that automatically detection of defects during production
stable operations
Part of the foundation of the House of Lean. Means stable processes from day to day. Wants good machine up-time, efficient inventory. and trained employees.
Production Efficiency Formula
Parts actually produced / standard number of parts produced (answer is a %)
Components of Hydraulic System
Parts of a larger, interacting system
Fluid pressure being the same throughout a confined container?
Pascals Law
Underutilized People
People who's experience, knowledge, skills, and creativity is wasted.
What does PPE stand for?
Personal Protective Equipment
Engineering Controls
Physical changes to the work environment for safety purposes like adjusting equipment to make it safer to use or operate
Engineering controls
Physical changes to the work environment for safety purposes, such as adjusting a piece of equipment to make it safer to use or operate.
What are some factors that must be considered when designing and implementing a plant layout?
Product flow, production flexibility, cost of the production equipment, and volume of the product.
Reliability
Product, processes, or services will perform satisfactory over a defined period of time, under specific conditions.
Which of the following functional areas exist somewhere inside a facility?
Production, Quality Assurance, Maintenance, Shipping and Receiving, Engineering, Administration.
Productivity Formula
Productivity = Outputs/Inputs
Rubber protective clothing
Protect against certain chemicals and many physical hazards
Fabric gloves
Protect against dirt, slivers, chafing, and abrasion but do not provide adequate protection against rough, sharp, or heavy materials. Adding a plastic coating can often bolster the protective capabilities
Metatarsal Guards
Protect the instep from impact and compression injuries; may be applied to outside of shoes, and typically made of aluminum, steel, fiber, or plastic
Leggings
Protect the lower legs and feet from heat hazards equipped with safety snaps for quick removal
Combination Foot and Shin Guards
Protect the lower legs and feet; often used in combination with toe guards if greater protection is necessary
Electrically Conductive Shoes
Protect you from a build up of static electricity. Do not use any type of foot powder. Do not wear silk, nylon, or wool socks
Duck protective clothing
Protects against cuts and cruises when handling heavy, sharp, or rough materials
Leather protective clothing
Protects against dry heat and flames
Leather and Canvas gloves
Protects from sparks, moderate heat, blows, chips, and rough objects, sustained heat
Suction Strainer / Filter
Protects the pump from taking in any harmful particles found in reservoir
Leather Canvas or Metal Mesh gloves
Provide some degree of protection from cuts and burns.
Prime Mover
Provides the energy to cause the main shaft of the pump to rotate. in an industrial setting this is usually an electric motor and the pump's shaft is connected to this with a flexible coupling
Quality
Providing error-free goods and services that meet or exceed the expectations of the customers
Operate a fire extinguisher by using the P.A.S.S. technique:
Pull the pin.
What is the P.A.S.S. technique?
Pull the pin. aim low, pointing the extinguisher nozzle or hose at the base of the fire. Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire until it appears to be out.
Suction line
Pump that draws oil from the Reservoir
Cartesian Coordinate Quadrants
Quadrant 1: (x,y)
Five critical Performance Objectives
Quality of products
Which fitting is used when there is a need to frequently disconnect circuits?
Quick-connect
Pressure Gage
Reads the oil pressure at the outlet of the pump
Aluminized gloves
Reflective and insulating protection against heat. With the addition of an insert made of synthetic materials, they also protect against the cold
When you hear an alarm make sure to:
Remain calm, inform others, turn off or close any equipment that may contribute to the emergency (shut doors to rooms iwth paint, oil, etc.), leave quickly using assigned evactuation route, Alert other along the way, Report to assigned assembly location
In addition to triggering warnings and alarms, remember to:
Remain calm.
Environmental Problems Created by Runoff
Sediment can cloud water, destroying aquatic ecosystems. Chemicals can cause algae populations to bloom. Plastic debris can clog drains and waterways, and pose a hazard to wildlife. Hazardous wastes such as paint, solvents, and motor oil can poison wildlife and create long-term pollution hazards.
Effect ways for employers to ensure employees are using PPE properly on the job
Set a good example, Establish a "no exceptions" policy, Counsel and discipline employees who violate safety policy, Deal with violations immediately, Purchase equipment that meets and exceeds required standards
Standardized work
Set of approved methods for the best and least wasteful ways of doing something. Also defines that the number of items per hour to meet customer demand.
Torpedo Levels
Short Levels
Welding shields
Should be made of vulcanized fiber or fiberglass and equipped with a filtered lens. They should be capable of protecting the eyes form flying sparks, metal spatter, and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting operations. OSHA requires that the filter have a shade number sufficient to protect form the specific hazards of the job you will be preforming.
Eyewash Station Locations: OSHA Standard
Similar to first aid kits, the OSHA first aid standard requires eyewash stations in locations where there is a risk of accidental exposure to corrosive or caustic materials. OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.151(c)) states, "Suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use."
How are fogs created?
Similar to vapors but remain in more of a particle or droplet like format.
Fogs
Similar to vapors, but remain in more of a particle or droplet-like format. Example: Insect Foggers
Types of hearing protection
Single-use earplugs, Pre-formed or molded earplugs, Earmuffs
Corrosion Pictogram
Skin Corrosion/Burns
Wet Road Hazard
Slow down during rainy conditions because rain can make roads incredibly slick.
Mists/Sprays
Small droplets of liquid material, such as spray paint and coatings.
Modern buildings often have a number of built-in protections to keep an emergency, such as a fire or chemical spill, from getting out of control. These protections include:
Smoke alarms
Examples of built in protections:
Smoke alarms, Sprinkler systems, Alarm systems activated either manually or automatically when a fire or other emergency is detected
Nagging Injuries
Soft tissue injuries may happen suddenly or develop over time. They can take months or years to heal—if they ever do. Soft tissue injuries can affect the lower back, shoulders, neck, joints, limbs, hips, hands, and feet.
Objects with Mercury
Some batteries, Lamps/bulbs including facility lighting, mercury vapor lamps, fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, neon lamps, and high-intensity headlamps, Convenience lighting switches.
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Some chemicals present almost no problem unless they come in contact with you for a period of time. The Permissible Exposure Limit tells you the average amount of a chemical that you can safely be exposed to over an 8-hour period.
Permissable Exposure Limit (PEL)
Some chemicals present almost no problem unless they come in contact with you for a period of time. soap is a good example.
conductors
allow electricity to pass through
Trench
an excavation below the ground's surface that is deeper than it is wide and no more than 15 feet wide.
How often are employers required to write a respiratory review for workers using respirators?
annually
Excavation
any manmade cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface formed by earth removal. This definition covers excavations of any size, from cellars to highways.
Pathogen
any microorganism that causes disease; viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi
JIT production
approach that seeks to reduce the amount of inventory needed. Meant to control production so that each step produces material just as the next one needs it.
Circular Saw
blade spins and guard moves out of the way as the saw enters the material/important to keep saw straight while cutting
Electrical hazards expose workers to
burns, electrocution, shock, arc flash/blast, fire, and explosion.
Struck by flying objects
can be a piece of material separated from equipment, an item propelled from compressed air, or an object from a tool designed to do so.
Abrasive Metal Cutting Saw
can be used to cut metals/used for ferrous metals/throws sparks/not the best option for cutting
(regarding respirators and air quality) Employees are responsible for...
caring for, maintaining, and storing their respirators.
Administrative changes
changes in how and when workers do their jobs. For example, schedule changes or rotating workers to different tasks to reduce fatigue or their risk of exposure to hazards.
What are some common flammables
cleaning solvents and supplies, stores paints and solvents, glues, oxygen/acetylene and other pressurized gasses, oil, and gasoline.
what is a hydraulic power unit?
contains other components to monitor and control the oil flow produced by the pump
what are auxiliary words?
defines how to perform a function
What are class D fire extinguishers for?
designed for use on flammable metals.
what is a flow meter?
device used for messuring the flow rate of a fluid. used for trouble shooting and testing.
Hydraulic diagram
diagrams that show how the components in a circuit are connected
Common Screw Heads
different types of heads on heads (torx, slotted, pozidriv, phillips, and allen
what is a pressure gauge
displays the oils pressure
what do you do when there is a shock victim?
do not touch the victim unless you are sure the current is off. Call 911.
Used to transport items
dollies, hand trucks, and carts
what is the rotating pump?
draws oil from the reservoir through a suction filter. the pushes it out the supply line to the system.
Lung damage can be caused from...
dust, fog, vapor, smoke, and gas.
what is the end of a program defined by
either M02 or M30
what do turning centers use to AUTOMATICALLY move the tool?
electric motors
Exposure Control Plan
employers written program that outlines the protective measure an employer will take to eliminate or minimize employee exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials
what is a tool turret?
enables the cnc turning center to select from multiple tools to produce many different types of part features
boring
enlarges or finishes a drilled hole to a precise size
How often must employer's reassess the company's PPE policies?
every year; annually
What are class B fire extinguishers for?
extinguishers are for use on flammable liquids like grease, gasoline, or oil.
What are class C fire extinguishers for?
extinguishers are suitable for use only on electrically energized fires.
Over-Processing
extra efforts that add no value to the consumer
ladder type IA
extra heavy duty
what is the volumetric flow rate equation, and unit?
f= v/t and litters per min (L/min)
(true or false) Any employee can enter a confined space as long as they are wearing the correct PPE.
false
(true or false) Employees are required to pay for their own PPE on a construction job.
false
(true or false) Regular prescription eyewear provides adequate protection from occupational eye and face hazards.
false
(true or false) You should always try to put out a fire if you see one, no matter how large it is.
false
All construction sites are required to have an Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor Program
false
Struck-by hazards and caught-in hazards are classified the same because they both imply impact or forcible contact.
false
place the lightest object on the bottom
false
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency
focuses on clean air, land, and water; works to ensure that federal laws protecting human health and the environment are administered and enforced fairly and effectively.
Welder
fuses metal together using a powerful electric arc to create a molten pool of metal/some use pressurized shielding glass to keep contaminants out of the arc/specific PPE must be worn when used
what is a common type of fixed displacement pump?
gear pump
Two-pronged
generally meant for home use
Things used for protection from falling objects.
hard hat
Common health hazards
harmful dusts, flammables, chemicals, or radiation.
Impact Driver
has a mechanism with a hammer to force screw or bolt to tighten or loosen/ speed and force are not adjustable
what are the advantages of horizontal milling machine?
has greater production capacity, can produce more complex parts, and requires less operator involvement.
Combination wrenches
have both an open end, and a box end
ladder Type I
heavy duty
Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor Program (AEGCP)
help ensure the safety of all cords, electrical equipment, and receptacles used by employees that are not part of a permanent structure.
what are the advantages of vertical machining?
highly repeatable for a single work-piece, easier to program, and takes up less floor space
what are the 3 main components of a hydraulic power unit?
hydraulic pump, reservoir, prime mover
Assessment of company PPE policies include
identifying information about the workplace evaluated, the name of the person who conducted the assessment, and the date of the assignment.
The Head on Hammer
in the front used to drive nails.
Struck by falling objects
include materials being knocked off unprotected edges or suspended loads coming loose, these may also result from unsafe us of hand transport equipment.
Work practices
included initial and ongoing training for employees on how to perform their jobs safety.
Caught- in/ between hazards
injuries resulting from a person being squeezed , caught, crushed, pinched, or compressed between two or more objects, or between parts of an object.
Sloping
involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle inclined away from an excavation.
what are start blocks?
occurs at the beginning of the program, also includes the description of the program and commands that set functions the cnc needs before it begins cutting the part
The Claw on Hammer
on the rear can pull nails out of materials.
Safety Rules for Power Tools
only use power tools under direct supervision of a teacher/don't attempt to use when untrained for a certain machine/wear eye protection/wear hearing protection when needed/always have closed toed shoes
hydraulic
operated by the pressure of a fluid
The values in the work offset tell the controller how far the ___________ is from the ________________
part zero point
insulators
permit the flow of electricity
Resivoir
place for storing hydraulic fluid
Structured problem solving: PDCA
plan -> do -> check -> act
insulator examples
plastic, rubber, wood, glass
what are g codes called
preparatory commands, and they set modes of operation and create axis movements
Struck by hazard
produced by forcible contact or impact between the injured person and an object or piece of equipment. The impact alone creates the injury.
what is a positive displacement pump?
produces flow based on the speed of the pumps shaft. produces flow, not pressure.
Aramid Fiber gloves
protect against heat and cold, and abrasion-resistant and some diluted acids but NOT against alkalis and solvents
what is the filter?
protects the pump from any harmful particles found in the reservoir
Shielding
protects workers by using trench boxes or other types supports to prevent soil cave-ins.
what do hydraulic hoses use to allow for easy connections
quick-connect fittings
OSH (Occupational Safety and Health) Act of 1970
requires that employers provide their employees with information on the hazards they may find in their workplace. Signed into place by Richard Nixon in December 1970, established OSHA
which movement is defined as positive direction on a z axis for a turning center?
right
what type of shape parts does a lathe produce?
rotationaly symmetrical parts
Belt Sander
sands pieces while held flat against it/provides nice 90 degree angles/must sand on down side of the material
What does PPE do?
saves lives, prevents disease and illnesses, reduces severity to pain and injuries
Metal saw
saw used with one hand for cutting meta
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
sets certain standards required by law about safety training
Kaizen event
short term approach to enhancing efficiency that focuses on improving an existing process or an activity within a process
safety plans
should most likely include soil type, surface and ground water, and water table, utilities, location and condition of adjacent structures, and traffic.
Spreading Pathogens
spread through skin contact, body fluids. airborne particles, contact with feces, and surfaces touched by an infected person
how to read a hydraulic schematic
start by the power source [motor/pump]
Which is best for bundling items? steel and plastic strapping or rope
steel and plastic strapping
Types of ladders include...
stepstools, stepladders, single ladders, and extension ladders.
Saw Stop
stops blade if anything that conducts electricity (skin, blood) touches blade
What is a reservoir?
stores the oil
What is a prime mover?
supplies energy to cause the shaft to rotate
what is a hydraulic pump?
supplies oil from the reservoir into the sysyem
GFCI ground fault circuit interrupters
switches that can shut off the flow of electricity immediately when they sense that the electrical current might no longer be flowing along the correct path.
what does the speed of the oils flow effect?
systems actuators
What should you do if you feel sick or dizzy while wearing your respirator?
tell your supervisor immediately.
what component of the CNC horizontal lathe guides the carriage travel?
the Ways guides the carrige travel
pressure
the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface
Tool Wear Offset
the difference between the actual tool length and the original programmed value. (the length of the tool when it was new.
What is the third prong of a plug?
the ground; It is connected to the ground wire to protect users from electric shocks.
what is a supply line?
the line from which the oil flows into the system
what is oil flow?
the method at which power is connected in hydraulics
Atmospheric pressure
the pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere
what is a suction line?
the pump draws oil from the reservoir through this
what is the heart of a hydraulic system and why?
the pump, it creates flow of oil to transport power to the actuators
what is volumetric flow rate?
the rate is defined by the amount of fluid that flows through a system or past a point in a specific time period.
Common Screw Head types
torx, slotted, pozidriv, Philips, and Allen
the operator stops jogging once the paper is _______ and can no longer be _____
trapped
(true or false) A confined space may be above or below ground.
true
(true or false) All ANSI-approves footwear has a protective toe and offers impact and compression protection.
true
(true or false) An assembly point is a predetermined location where you can quickly determine if anyone is missing or possibly trapped in the building.
true
(true or false) Because engulfment potential and entrapping design pose significant risks of serious injury or even death, workers must be trained and equipped properly before beginning work in these environments.
true
(true or false) If an employee is going to use a fire extinguisher, they should be trained on how to use one.
true
(true or false) Supervisors should train workers on the proper use of PPE before they enter the work area, and management should retrain workers whenever equipment or circumstances dictate.
true
(true or false) You should fit test your respirator every time you put it on.
true
(true or false) Your employer has a responsibility to help you protect your lungs in the workplace.
true
A "competent person" should be designated to identify conditions that hazardous to workers, such as soil conditions.
true
what connects hydraulic components?
tubing or flexible hoses
what is the operation when the material from a workpiece is being removed?
turning
Electrical plugs
two-pronged and three-pronged
what is a turbine flow meter
type of flow meter. fluid causes turbine to spin, sensors attached to it determine flow rate.
what is a rotameter
type of flowmeter, the pressure will push the floats up. loot at where the float meets the scale.
Panel Saw
used for cutting large sheets of material such as plywood/material sits vertically on the saw/saw moves up and down on a track/saw can be rotated for horizontal cuts
Drill Bits
used in drills and impact drills to make holes or to drive in screws
three-pronged
used to be primarily for heavy use or larger electrical equipment but now are used frequently for residential purposes as well.
Jig Saw
used to cut detailed shapes/blade moves up and down/sits on material you cut
Vertical Bandsaw
used to cut large curves or odd shaped items/bland is always moving clockwise continuously/blade is set as low as possible to cover the exposed part
Table Saw
used to cut materials straight through/fence can be adjusted on it/blade, height, and angle can also be adjusted on this machine
Miter Saw
used to cut materials/angle can be adjusted in multiple ways/usually cuts long pieces of material into shorter lengths
Horizontal Bandsaw
used to cut metals/blade is spinning in a continuous loop/material is locked into a vice on the machine/saw is turned on and the blade slowly goes through the material/saw turns off by itself when done cutting
Drill
used to drill holes at high speeds/manually operated/drives in or removes screws/has an adjustable clutch
Drill Press
used to drill precise holes in materials/materials must be clamped down to the table or plate on the machine
impact drill
used to fasten nuts,bolts or fasteners with ease
Specialty hammers
used to tap items into place,
CNC Router
useful for making CAD designs and carving them into a workplace/designs are created on fusion than implemented into toolpaths that the machine will understand/file is open on a PC at the machine that shows the design
Pneumatic Nailer
useful for small projects/connects to an air hose/has to be pressed onto object to pull the trigger
CNC Plasma Cutter
uses a computer controlled gantry that allows the creation of complex shapes and parts/similar workflow to CNC router but has a different tool head to manufacture items
Plasma Cutter
uses compressed air and an extremely hot electrical arc to cut metal/needs a constant compressed air supply/squeeze the trigger and drag the tip along the material you want to cut
miter saw
usually permanently placed, also known as a chop saw, used for different angled & straight cuts of 2X4s & other lumber
Leading causes of fire at a construction site are...
vandalism, vapors and dust that burn or explode, and smoking or use of matches.
what is the positive displacement pumps 2 categories?
variable displacement and fixed displacement. variable can be adjusted while fixed produces a constant flow rate
what are the 2 main types of machining centers?
vertical machining center and horizontal machining centers.
Schematic diagram
visual shorthand drawings that use symbols to represent components.
what is oil flow measured as?
volumetric flow rate
conductor examples
water, metal
When it comes to PPE, workers are responsible for...
wearing PPE properly
When does a ground fault occur?
when electricity travels outside an intended path.
What are class A fire extinguishers for?
will put out fires in ordinary combustibles such as wood and paper.
How do you determine if a chord needs to be thrown away?
worn, frayed, or cracked flexible chords.
what 3 axis are used in turning centers?
x,y,z
For a machining center, the movement toward or away from the workpiece is always the ____ axis.
z
Return Line
The line in which oil returns to the reservoir through the system
Female Fitting
The part of the quick-connect fitting that is on the line
Injuries have to last more than ___ months to be considered chronic.
3/Three
Toeboards should be at least _____ inches high.
4
# of accidents involving power tools and workshop equipment every year - 13
400,000
Variable Displacement Pump
A pump that can be adjusted to different flow rates for a given shaft speed
Fixed Displacement Pump
A pump that produces a constant flow rate for a given shaft speed
Pneumatics
A power transmission method that uses compressed gas , typically air
Route of entry
:This is the means by which a chemical may enter the human body (e.g., inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption). The possible route of entry helps you determine what personal protective equipment (PPE) you should use when handling the substance.
(A,B)
A
(A,B,C,D)
A
Assembly Point
A predetermined location where you can quickly determine if anyone is missing or possible trapped in the building. Once you arrive here, don't leave
Nonconforming Product
A product that does not meet design specifications
Substitutes for fire extinguishers
A 55-gallon open drum of water with two fire pails or 1/2 inch diameter garden-type hose line, mounted on conventional racks or reels that doesn't exceed 100 feet in length and equipped with a nozzle that can discharge a minimum of 5 gallons per minute
Kanban
A Japanese word meaning "signal card." Signaling device gives instructions for production and withdraw of items in a pull system. Can signal for needed material. Works as a substitute for a one-piece system.
Filler/Breather
A cap that allows more hydraulic fluid to be added, also keeps the atmospheric level non-pressurized
Acute or chronic effects
A chemical that is acutely toxic can injure you after a single exposure. Chemicals that have chronic effects may harm you after repeated or prolonged use.
Acute or Chronic effects
A chemical that is acutely toxic can injure you after a single exposure; Chemicals that have Chronic effects may harm you after a repeated or prolonged use.
Chuck and Spindle
A chuck has jaws that clamp to the work piece. The spindle is the piece that holds and spins the chuck.
Milling Machine
A common machine tool that removes material from a workpiece in all three dimensions using a rotating cutting tool.
One-piece flow
A concept that items are processed directly from one step to the next, one until at a time. This helps to shorten lead times and lines of communication, thus more quickly identifying problems.
Overproduction
A condition in which production of goods exceeds the demand for them
Cartesian Coordinate System
A coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates
Double-Acting Cylinder
A cylinder that uses the force of a fluid to move the piston in both directions.
Pressure Gauge
A device that indicates the pressure
Flow Meter
A device used to measure the flow rate of a fluid
Suction filter symbol
A diamond with a dotted line through the center
Return Line Filter
A filter that is designed to operate in low pressures and is connected to a main return line of the hydraulic system before the line enters the reservoir
Quick-Connect Fitting
A fitting at the end of an hydraulic line used for constant moving of lines
The preferred method for measuring flow rate in a hydraulic system involves?
A flow meter
Rotameter
A flow meter gauge that consists of a graduated glass tube containing a free float for measuring the flow of a fluid.
Who can perform user seal checks and help select and fit a respirator?
A formally trained fit-testing specialist
A turning center
A lathe with a computer numerical control, a tool changer, and an enclosure.
Engulfment Potential
A liquid or flowable solid (like sand or grain) that could flow in, immerse, and bury or smother a person (e.g. grain bins)
Local or systemic reaction
A local reaction occurs at the site of the exposure, such as irritations or damage to the skin, eyes, or lungs. A systemic reaction happens when chemicals enter the bloodstream through the skin, eyes, mouth, or lungs. Your entire body, or system, may be affected.
Drill Press
A machine tool for drilling precise holes in materials, set on a fixed stand.
Lathe
A machine tool that produces cylinder shaped parts from wood, metal, or other materials.
Viscosity
A measure of internal friction of a fluid. Fluids with higher viscosities do not flow as easily as ones with lower viscosity.
Machining Center
A milling machine with a CNC, tool changer, and enclosure.
Mercury
A naturally occurring element that is found in air, water, and soil. Pure mercury is a liquid metal, that turns to vapor readily. According to the EPA, mercury exposure at high levels can harm the brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, and immune system of people.
Waiting
A non-productive use of time that is being wasted and adds nothing.
CNC (Computer Numerical Control)
A numerical control method in which one computer is linked with one machine tool to perform NC functions.
ordered pair
A pair of numbers that give the location of a point on a x and y grid. for example graph (3, 2)
Line Stop
A part of Andon systems that if manually triggered, will stop all processes.
Components
A part of a larger ,interacting system
Reference Point
A point from which other points are measured.
What is loudness measured in?
A-weighted decibels (dBA)
When choosing the correct eye protection, consider:
Ability to protect against risks specific to your type of work
Consider for correct eye protection
Ability to protect against risks specific to your type of work. Proper fit and comfort. Unrestricted vision and movement. Durability and ease of cleaning. Ability to function properly when used with other PPE
Fluid Power Pressure
Absolute pressure units and Gauge Pressure units
Hand injury risks:
Absorbing harmful substances through skin, Chemical or thermal burns, Bruises, Abrasions, Cuts, Fractures, Punctures, Electrical dangers, Amputations
Your hands are at risk for a variety of injuries, including:
Absorbing harmful substances through the skin
Cost of workplace back injuries
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, back injuries accounted for almost 17 percent of nonfatal injuries resulting in days away from work (DAFW) in construction in 2015.
Machine Utilization Formula
Actual machine run time / total shift time (answer is a %)
Skull and Crossbones Pictogram
Acute Toxicity (fatal or toxic)
Types of respirators
Air-purifying, Supplied-air
In 29 CFR 1926.150, OSHA lays out general requirements for fire extinguishers on construction sites. They include:
All firefighting equipment shall be conspicuously located and access maintained at all times.
Disposable Gloves
All gloves need to be completely intact and free of punctures or tears. To confirm a glove is intact, blow into the glove to inflate it, twist the ends, and check to make sure there are not punctures that deflate the glove.
Maintaining protective gloves
Although you may be able to see damage visually, some may not be. Fill the _____ with water and hold the _____ upside down in order to see pinhole leaks. Discoloration is also a sign of damage.
When you see or hear emergency vehicles
Always pull to the right side of the road and stop when you see or hear police, fire trucks, or ambulances approaching.
When backing up
Always watch for pedestrians, cyclists, children, pets, and other drivers when moving in reverse.
According to requirements, all hard hats or helmets must:
Be able to resist penetration by objects
Hard hats or helmets must:
Be able to resist penetration by objects, abosrb shock of a blow, be water resistant and slow-burning. Provide instructions for proper adjustment and/or replacement of the suspension and headband. have a hard outer shell and shock-absorbing inner lining, and a headband and strap that suspends the shell 1-1.25 inches away from the head
Maintaining a Solid Foundation
Be sure to keep good footing and maintain good balance when operating power tools
Dressing for safety
Be sure to wear apparel that is appropriate for the job you are doing. Avoid jewelry and chains, pull back and tie long hair out of the way, and avoid loose-fitting clothing
Gases
Becomes airborne at room temperature. Can either have an odor or can be odorless. Can be either heavier or lighter than air. Are capable of traveling long distances.
When should you get written approval from a physical?
Before undergoing a fit testing for a respirator and before actually using the respirator
Causes of soft tissue injury
Bend over and lift with the back instead of squatting and lifting with the legs, Twist while working or carrying a heavy item, Lift unbalanced loads.
Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne pathogens may be present in ANY substance that contains visible blood and in certain body fluids
Flow-Control Valve consists of:
Body with two ports
Before operating a motor vehicle
Buckle seat belt, secure loose objects, ignore distractions, check engine lights, check fuel level, adjust mirrors, seat, and head restraints.
Types of chemical-resistant gloves
Butyl gloves, Latex Rubber gloves, Neoprene gloves, and Nitrile gloves
SDS Sections 5-8
Section 5, Fire-Fighting Measures
Treated wool and cotton protective clothing
Comfortable to wear, adapt to changing temperatures, provide fire resistance, and protects against dust, abrasions, and rough irritating surfaces
CNC stands for
Computer Numerical Control
CNC Router
Computer numerical control router. A machine tool or other powered mechanical device driven and controlled by a computer program to fabricate components, esp. By the milling of plywood and other sheet materials.
CNC plasma cutter
Computer numerical control router. A machine tool or other powered mechanical device driven and controlled by a computer program to fabricate components, esp. By the milling of plywood and other sheet materials. and using a plasma stream to cut metal.
Where are manually operated DCVs frequently used?
Construction equipment
Value Stream Mapping
Continuous improvement tool that documents the flow of product information from raw material to consumer product. Helps employees identify all value added and nonvalue added components of their process.
Pull System
Controls inventory by defining limits on in-process and raw inventory. Limits are determined by customer demand and reflects the minimum amount.
Needle Valve
Controls the actuator speed by constricting the fluid flow rate.
slotted screw
Conventional single-groove screwhead.
Describes the common hydraulic cylinder
Converts Fluid power into straight line mechanical power.
Hydraulic cylinder
Converts fluid power to straight-line mechanical power
Part Zero
Coordinates can be offset to a temporary zero point anywhere in the workspace. All program coordinates are then referenced from that point
CNC Machine Coordinates
Coordinates referencing the machine zero
How to conduct a negative pressure test?
Cover the respirator inhalation valve with your hand, Breathe in slowly (the face piece should collapse slightly), Hold your breath for approximately 10 seconds. If no air leaks in, you know you have a good fit; if air leaks out, check for cleanliness of the seal, adjust the head straps, repeat the test
Types of Body Protection
Coveralls, vests, jackets, work shirts, and pants, and full-body suits.
How are dusts created?
Created during sanding and grinding processes
Smoke
Created during the burning process with materials such as wood or paper.
How is smoke created?
Created during the burning process with materials such as wood, paper, etc.
Dusts
Created through sanding and grinding
Fumes
Created when metals, plastics, and similar materials are exposed to high temperatures during the process of welding and soldering.
How are fumes created?
Created when metals, plastics, and similar materials are exposed to very high temperatures during processes such as welding and soldering
How are vapors created?
Created when solids or liquids evaporate
Vapors
Created when solids or liquids evaporate
Some of the leading causes of fires at construction sites are
Criminal, vandalism, or suspicious causes
Causes of fires at construction sites:
Criminal, vandalism, or suspicious causes; Welding, cutting, and "open flame work"; Vapors and dust that burn or explode; Smoking or use of matches; Heaters and space heaters; Electrical wiring; Coffeemakers, hot plates, and other cooking equipment; Burning waste and rubbish
Philips screw
Cross-slotted screwhead
SDS Sections 9-12
Section 9, Physical and Chemical Properties
OSHA general requirements for fire extinguishers
Employer must create and implement a fire protection program during all phases of construction and demolition, Employers must provide firefighting equipment, All firefighting equipment shall be clearly visible and accessible at all times, All firefighting equipment shall be periodically inspected and maintained and replaced if defective, Temporary or permanent water supply of sufficient volume, duration, and pressure for firefighting equipment shall be available as soon as combustible materials accumulate, Fire exiguisher rated more than 2A shall be provided for every 3,000 square foot of protect building area, Travel distance from any point in the protected area to a fire extinguisher is less than 100 ft., At least one fire extinguisher shall be provided per floor, At least one fire extinguisher shall be located adjacent to a stairways
What does the Personal Protective Equipment Standard establish?
Employers must establish and administer an effective PPE to keep their employees safe. And employers must train their employees on the proper use of PPE
What are the three primary ways to reduce risks?
Engineering controls, Administrative changes, and Work practices
What are an employer's responsibilities regarding reducing risks.
Engineering controls, administrative changes, and work practices.
Being Safe
Ensuring that you and others around you are safe from any potential harms that could come from the workplace.
Best Management Practices
Erosion control: measures, such as gradient terraces, mulching, and wind or sand fences.
A physically demanding position
Everyone from laborers to carpenters to electricians will be called upon to haul, lift, and move building materials, tools, and other necessary items.
OSHA Exit requirements
Exits must not be obstructed, must not be blocked or propped open, Exits must be clearly marked, Access to exists must be marked by readily visible signs in all cases where the exit or way to reach it is not immediately visible to occupants
Exploding Bomb Pictogram
Explosives
Three functions of a Directional control valve
Extend the actuator, retract the actuator, & stop the actuator.
What are the 3 functions of the 3 position Directional Control Valve(DCV)?
Extend the actuator, retract the actuator, and stop the actuator.
When storing your respirator be sure to protect it from:
Extreme cold or heat, Direct sunlight, Dust, Moisture, and Damaging chemicals
Volumetric Flow Rate Formula
F = Volume/Time
Extending Force Equation
F=P x A x 0.1
Flow rate calculation
F=V/T (flow equals volume over time)
When working in confined spaces, be sure to:
Plan the job beforehand, Assemble all tools and equipment before going in, Be sure any steam, fluid, water, heat, or powerlines going to the space are cut off, locked and tagged before entering, Keep space ventilated or use appropriate respirator, Do Not take food, drinks, or cigarettes with you, Never enter if you have been drinking alcohol or using drugs (including prescriptions) or don't feel good, Leave immediately if you feel tired, dizzy, nauseated, or have trouble breathing
Administration personnel are responsible for what?
Plant management and Human Resources.
2-D Cartesian Coordinate System
Plots values in two axes, which adds literally another dimension of some quantity to our coordinate system
Pneumatic Tools
Pneumatic tools include Abrasive wheel, a portable wheel used for cutting grinding, and polishing. Nail and Staple guns use compressed air to work, they can shoot nails, rivet, staples, or similar fasteners and operate at pressures more than 100 pounds per square inch.
Plastics that chemical/liquid-resistant gloves are made of
Polyvinyl chloride (PCV), Polyvinyl alcohol, Polyethylene
What test should be performed to ensure a tight respirator seal?
Positive and negative pressure test
Kaizen
Positive continuous improvement that involves all participants.
All hydraulic pumps use this design
Positive-Displacement Design
Employers reduce risks of a permit-required confined space by:
Posting signs, Using barriers to keep out unauthorized people, Developing and using a permit space program, Conducting air monitoring and other tsts to evaluate hazards, Stating conditions that make the space acceptable to enter, Controlling atmospheric hazards before entry by flushing, ventilating, etc., Training each person with an active role in entry operations, hazards, and duties, Make sure conditions are acceptable before and during the time work is being done, Provide at least one attendant outside occupied workspace, Coordinate procedures with other contractors, employers, etc., Review the permit space program annually at least
A permit-required defined space is listed by OSHA as having what characteristics?
Potentially hazardous atmosphere,
Permit-required defined spaces have one or more of these characteristics:
Potentially hazardous atmosphere, Material that has the potential to engulf an entrant, internal design such that an entrant could be tapped or asphyxiated, Other recognized safety or health hazards
Hydraulic
Power transmission method using a pressurized liquid
For any manufacturing plant to be successful, a vision must be set, goals established, and a plan implemented. Who is this the role of?
President
A cylinder moves when the _____ Against the piston can no longer be resisted by the piston.
Pressure
A cylinder rod moves when the ________ against the piston reaches a point that can no longer be resisted by the piston.
Pressure
To operate a Hydraulic cylinder:
Pressure must be greater on one side of the Actuator to extend it
Attendant Responsbilities
Remaining outside the permit-required confined space during entry operations, Knowing and performing no-entry rescues when specified by the employer's rescue procedure, Knowing existing and potential hazards, Maintaining communication with and keep accurate count of workers entering and exiting the space, Order evacuation of the permit space when a prohibited condition occurs, Summoning rescue and other services in an emergency, Ensuring unauthorized people stay away from the space, Informing authorized entrants and entry supervisor of entrance of any unauthorized persons, performing no other duties that interfere with attendant's primary duties
What are employees responsible for?
Reporting any cuts, tears, abrasions, undue stretching, mold, deterioration, distorted hooks or faulty hook springs, nonfunctioning parts, loose or damaged mountings, tongues that do not fit the should of buckles, contact with fire, acid, or other corrosives, or alterations or additions that limit its effectiveness.
ANSI Optional Tests for hard hats or helmets
Reverse Donning, Lower Temperature, High Visibility, Higher Temperature
continuos improvement
Roof of the house of lean. Lean processes that are used over and over again to continually make improvements. Making small improvements to make big gains. Wants to deliver high quality in little time.
Pascal
SI unit for pressure
Productive Employees
Saves the company labor costs and increases company's profit
What is a form of visual shorthand that makes hydraulic circuits easy to read?
Schematic diagram
Standardization
Second part of the Lean foundation. About completing something the same way every time. Puts standards in place that reflect the current best practices so improvements can be measured against them.
SDS Sections 1-4
Section 1, Identification
SDS Sections 13-16
Section 13, Disposal Considerations
What do permits for permit-required confined spaces identify?
Space to be entered, Purpose, Date, Authorized length of time for entry, Name of workers authorized to enter the space, Space attendant, Entry supervisor, Hazards of permit space, Results of initial and periodic tests, Measures used to isolate the space and eliminate or control the hazards, Acceptable entry conditions, Equipment to be used in the space (including PPE, lighting, communication, rescue or retrieval equipment), Communication procedures, Available rescue and emergency services, Additional permits related to the space, Other special employee safety information
A milling machine ______ rotates the workpiece?
Spindle
what component rotates the workpiece in a basic lathe operation while a cutting tool shaves off layers of material?
Spindle
What are used to hold the spool of a 3-position DCV in the middle position?
Springs
______ are used to hold the spool of a 3 position DCV in the middle position.
Springs
Best way to read a Hydraulic schematic is to _____
Start at the power source and then follow the flow conductors to components
OSHA Standards - 13
State that all hand tools, power tools, and similar equipment must be in a safe condition
Pascal's Law
States that a force applied to a fluid is distributed equally through all parts of the fluid
Attendants
Stationed outside the space to maintain contact with and monitor authorized entrants
Definition of Attendants:
Stationed outside the space to maintain contact with and monitor entrants.
Confined Space exampels:
Storage tanks, Process vessels, Bins, Boilers, Ventilation or exhaust ducts, Trenches, Sewers, Underground utility vaults, Tunnels, Pipelines, Open-top spaces more than 4 feet in depth, such as pits, tubs, vaults, and vessels
Reservoir
Stores the oil, while also allowing it to cool and settle out dirt. It also provides a convenient location to mount other hydraulic components
Take care of your self
Stretch before physically demanding activity to warm up and at breaks to stay flexible. Also, stretch gently after repetitive activity.
Training on PPE
Supervisors should train workers on the proper use of PPE before they enter the work area, and management should retain workers whenever equipment or circumstance dictate.
What type of air purifier has a separate air supply
Supplied-air purifier
Hydraulic Pump
Supplies oil from the reservoir to the system
Single-minute exchange of die (SMED)
Supports JIT production. Allows for quick tool changeover. Makes smaller batch sizes and even one-piece flow. Economical because setup times become less costly.
Andon
System of lights used at each workstation to signal problems or slowdowns
Push System
System that does not control inventory limit and is focused on making as many batches as possible.
lean manufacturing
Systematic elimination of waste. Entire system must participate to produce of high quality, short lead time, and low price
Neoprene gloves
Sythnetic rubber gloves that offer good pliability, finger dexterity, high density, and tear resistance. Protect against hydraulic fluids, gasoline, alchols, organic acids, and alkalis
Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
TLV is the occupational exposure limit established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). This limit suggests the exposure a worker can have to a chemical substance, day after day, without adverse health effects. TLVs are adopted by some governments as their legal limits.
Manufacturing remains the productive core of the American economy, driving __________ advances that impact the world.
Technological
Eyewash Station Locations: ANSI Standard
The ANSI standard requires that eyewash stations be installed within 10 seconds walking distance (55 feet) from the hazard area. A station should be immediately adjacent to any area where strong acid or caustic substances are used. Eyewash stations should contain enough water to provide for 15 minutes of continuous use.
The output pressure of a pump is affected by...
The Load resistance plus the fluid frictional resistance
Flexibility
The ability of a company to change its products, services, or even the way it does business.
Volumetric Flow Rate
The amount of fluid that flows through a system or past a point in a specific time period
What is attenuation?
The amount of noised reduced from hearing protection
No-Zones
The area on both sides, behind, and in front of large commercial vehicles where blind spots occur.
Soft tissue
The body's soft tissues include muscles, tendons, ligaments, discs, cartilage, and nerves. Although injuries to these tissues may not be as obvious as burns, cuts, or broken bones, these often unseen injuries still cause pain and suffering.
Speed of Delivery
The company's ability to minimize time between order and delivery
Machine Zero
The location the machine's controller know as the zero position, or origin, of each axis
Define Manufacturing.
The making of goods and articles by machinery.
Flow meter
The measurement of flow rate. Also a device that measures flow rate
Work offset
The memory location that stores the part zero coordinates
Powder actuated tools
The most commonly used powder-actuated tools in construction and manufacturing are nail guns, used to join materials to hard surfaces such as steel and concrete. These are specialty tools powered by explosive shells, much like bullets.
Information found on chemical labels and SDS
The names of chemicals you work with
Male Fitting
The part of the quick-connect fitting that is on the hydraulic system
Female/Male fittings
The fittings that go together on a quick-connect fitting
X-Axis
The horizontal number line in a coordinate plane which moves the CNC left and right
Pressure
The intensity of a force from when one object acts over the area of another
Pressure
The intensity of force created when a force from one object acts over the area of another
Tool Length Offset
The length of each tool is measured from a fixed reference point on the tool holder
Supply Line
The line in which oil from the pump flows into the system
What are engineers responsible for?
The design of the product, the design of the manufacturing process, and the selection of the manufacturing equipment.
The tool-wear offset
The difference between the actual tool length and the original programmed value, or the length of the tool when it was new
A cylinder's movements can be changed by the following
The direction of fluid flow can be changed with a DCV
Granted by OSHA
The right to: receive information and training about workplace hazards, file a confidential complaint with OSHA to have your workplace inspected, review records of work-related injuries and illnesses in the workplace, receive copies of the results from tests conducted to measure hazards, copies of your workplace medical records, participate in an OSHA inspection and speak in private with an inspector, file a complaint with OSHA if you have been retaliated against by your employer if you had requested an inspection
Road Rage
The term for the riskiest and most vindictive type of aggressive driving that a person can engage in.
Y-Axis
The vertical axis on a coordinate plane which moves the CNC up and down
volumetric flow rate
The volume of fluid that moves through a system in a given period of time.
Fluid flow rate
The volume of fluid through a given area per unit time
CNC Machine Reference point
The zero point for the cartesian coordinates in the program commands that position the tool in the workspace
Piston Seals
These are used in a cylinder to separate the chambers of the cylinder, allowing pressure to build.
What is the role of production finishers?
They are responsible for applying the final, attractive finish on a product.
Quick Connect Fittings
They are used to rapidly connect and disconnect fluid power components.
Rod Bushing
This holds the rod in place and helps with support for the rod.
Direct Control Valve (DCV)
This is a switch that can change a cylinder's movement by changing the direction of flow.
Route of entry
This is the means by which a chemical may enter the human body (inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption). The possible route of entry can help you determine what PPE you should use when handling the substance
The paper method
This method, while less accurate, is quick and does not require a probe
Rod seals
This seal is placed around the piston rod to prevent external leakage.
3-D Cartesian Coordinates System
This system creates two new
double -acting cylinder
This type of cylinder has two ports. When oil enters the cap end, the cylinder rod extends. When the oil enters the rod end, the cylinder rod retracts.
Goggles
Tightfitting, covering the eyes, eye sockets, an facial area immediately surrounding the eyes. They must provide protection from impact, dust, and splashes. Some will fit over perscription lenses
Cycle Time Formula
Time employee or machine worked / number of parts produced
What is the role of production assemblers?
To assemble parts into finished products.
In which application would a DCV be used in?
To control the direction of the rod of a double acting cylinder.
What are costumer service employees trained to do?
To ensure costumer satisfaction with a product or service.
Hydraulic system
a device that uses pressurized fluid acting on pistons of different sizes to change a force
What is a hydraulic system?
a device that uses pressurized fluid acting on pistons of different sizes to change a force
what is the preferred method for measuring flow rate in a hydraulic system?
a flow meter
what does G&M code language provide?
a group of program commands the mainly start with a G or M prefix.
jig saw
a machine saw with a fine blade enabling it to cut curved lines in a sheet of wood, metal, or plastic.
what is a milling machine?
a machine that removes materials from a work piece from all three dimensions using a rotating cutting tool
Drill Press
a machine tool for drilling holes, set on a fixed stand.
what is the difference between a machining center and milling machine?
a machining center is controlled by a cnc
Benching
a method in which the sides of an excavation are formed into one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near- vertical surfaces between levels.
What is a component?
a part of a larger, interacting system
circular saw
a power saw with a rapidly rotating toothed disk.
Gear pump
a pump that rotates two gears with teeth in opposing directions, allowing the liquid to enter the space between the teeth of each gear in order to move the liquid
belt sander
a sander that uses a moving abrasive belt to smooth surfaces.
Allen screw
a screw with a hexagonal socket in its head
Drill
a tool or machine with a pointed end for making holes
Flow-Control Valve
a valve that restricts flow in one direction and allows free flow in the other direction.
Toe boards
a vertical barrier at floor level of a scaffold that prevents tools and materials from falling.
nonvalue-added activities
activities that do not add value to the good or service from the customer's perspective
independent speed control
actuator speed must be controlled in both directions. Provide either Meter-in or Meter-out speed control.
The two most common types of respirators in construction are...
air-purifying and supplied-air
Metal Saw
cuts metal materials to a correct length/can cut ferrous and non-ferrous metals/produces small pieces of metal that can be hot
(Multiple choice) A common physical hazard that required PPE is...
d) all of the above
The frictional resistance of fluid flowing in a pipe
it causes downstream fluid pressure to be reduced
what is a machining center?
it is a milling machine with a cnc, tool changer, and enclosure
Caught in hazard: what should you do to the machinery?
it should be properly guarded during us and de-energized for repairs and maintenance.
The z-axis work offset coordinate is set by _______ so the bottom of the tool touches the top surface of the part.
jogging the tool
Finding chemical information and warnings
labels on chemical containers may contain some information, but not all. OSHA requires that a SDS (Safety Data Sheet) to be kept current and on file for employees
Which types of gloves help protect against cuts and burns?
leather, Aramid fiber, and aluminized.
ladder Type III
light duty
what is a relief valve?
limits the systems pressure to safe levels
what is a return line?
line through which the oil is returned to the reservoir
local or systemic reaction
local reaction happens at the sight of exposure (irritations, or damage to the skin, eyes or lungs). Systemic reaction occurs when chemicals enter the bloodstream through skin, eyes, mouth, or lungs. Your entire body, or system may be affected.
Common causes of electrical accidents...
loose connections; cords and wiring with missing or frayed insulation; equipment running beyond capacity; and electrical chords left near heat, flame, or water.
drilling
machine a round hole in the work piece
what are the 3 ways to create cnc programs
manual input, computer aided manufacturing(cam), conversational programming
Placing building materials
manually holding and placing heavy beams, such as steel I-beams, increase your risk of strains, sprains, falls, broken bones, and crushed fingers
Laser safety googles
manufacturers specifically design these googles to protect the wearer form intense, high concentrations of light produced during laser operations
what is a actuator
mechanical device that uses hydraulics to convert energy into a linear movement.
ladder Type II
medium duty
what are m codes called
miscellaneous commands
Poka-yoke
mistake-proofing methods aimed at designing fail-safe systems that minimize human error
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard
regulates access to information about chemicals used in workplaces across the US; requires all suppliers to provide standardized health and safety information for the chemicals they produce
Schematic
relating to an outline or diagram; using a system of symbols
reaming
remove small amounts of material to make a hole size very accurate and to smooth the surface finish or a drilled hole
Shoring
requires installing aluminum hydraulic supports or other support methods to prevent soil movement and cave-ins.
what is the liquid level gauge?
shows how much oil is left in the reservoir
what are end blocks?
signals the controller to stop the program and turn of certain functions.
weak ropes
sisal (usually yellow and stiff)
5s
sort, straighten, shine, standardize, sustain
what axis is always the movement of the tool?
the z axis is ALWAYS the movement of tool toward or away from the workpiece
what are JOG controls?
these controls are used to move the tool to a particular position with the use of number keys or arrows.
what are tool path blocks?
they are blocks that contain the codes that direct the machines axis and tool movement to cut the part
Why are VOCs harmful?
they can irritate your eyes, nose, and throat. they can cause headaches, drowsiness, and dizziness. They can worsen conditions such as asthma.
tapping
to cut or form internal threads in a drilled hole `
