Med Lit Exam 4
According to APA guidelines... How much should each paragraph be indented? What should the margins be?
1/2 inch 1 inch
Name the type of plagiarism: Includes citations to non-existent or inaccurate information about sources (When you don't know how to cite)
404 Error
Choose the correct format for citing personal communication: A. (J. Johnson, personal communication, September 3, 2013) B. (J. Johnson, email, September 3, 2013) C. (Johnson, personal communication, September 3, 2013)
A. (J. Johnson, personal communication, September 3, 2013)
If the cited resource doesn't provide a publication or copyright date, which of the following options is correct? A. (Lastname, n.d., p. X) B. (Lastname, no date, p. X) C. No citation is necessary
A. (Lastname, n.d., p. X)
A block quotation is used for a direct quotation that is ________ or more words in length. A. 40 B. 50 C. 75 D. 100
A. 40
A digital object identifier (DOI) is: A. A unique alpha-numeric identifier that provides a persistent link to the resource's location B. An unique number used by book sellers to identify books C. A number used by the Library of Congress to catalog resources
A. A unique alpha-numeric identifier that provides a persistent link to the resource's location
Researchers publishing in APA journals should look to what resource to ensure that they are following ethical guidelines regarding data retention and sharing? A. APA Ethics Code B. APA Legal Code C. U.S. government laws D. Open Science laws
A. APA Ethics Code
Which of the following are strategies for removing personally-identifying information from participant data? (more than 1) A. Altering specific characteristics B. Limiting description of specific characteristics C. Using composites D. Changing important variables such as gender to their opposites
A. Altering specific characteristics B. Limiting description of specific characteristics C. Using composites
Page margins should be: A. At least 1 inch (2.54 cm) on all sides B. At least 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) top and bottom and at least 0.75 right and left. C. At least 1 inch (2.54) on all sides, unless more space is needed for a table or figure, in which case the margins may be reduced
A. At least 1 inch (2.54 cm) on all sides
In most cases, in-text citations should contain what information? A. Author name B. Publication date C. Title of the work D. DOI or URL of the work
A. Author name B. Publication date
Choose the correct formatting for a level 1 section heading: A. Centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase text B. Flush left, boldface, lowercase text C. Centered, uppercase and lowercase text D. Flush left, uppercase and lowercase text
A. Centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase text
Plagiarism occurs when you do which of the following? (more than 1) A. Change a few words from a copied passage without citing the source B. Reproduce quotations without using quotation marks or citing the source C. Restate someone else's idea in your own words without citing the source D. Use someone else's quote while parenthetically citing the source
A. Change a few words from a copied passage without citing the source B. Reproduce quotations without using quotation marks or citing the source C. Restate someone else's idea in your own words without citing the source
Which of the following should you do to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism? A. Cite all sources, even your own previous work. B. Use only open access sources. C. Include a statement in the author note that no content was plagiarized.
A. Cite all sources, even your own previous work.
Which of the following should authors do before sharing their data? (more than 1) A. Evaluate the data and delete any personal information that might make it possible to identify a participant. B. Make sure the data are a final revised version. C. Address proprietary concerns of the researchers or sponsors of the research. D. Draft up a comprehensive contract.
A. Evaluate the data and delete any personal information that might make it possible to identify a participant. C. Address proprietary concerns of the researchers or sponsors of the research.
What kinds of words should be capitalized in an APA Style paper? A. First word of a sentence B. Generic versions of brand names C. Names of racial and ethnic groups D. Trade names and brand names E. Nouns followed by numerals or letters F. Names of diseases and disorders G. Job titles and positions in general
A. First word of a sentence C. Names of racial and ethnic groups D. Trade names and brand names E. Nouns followed by numerals or letters
What information is ethically important to include in an author note to an article? A. Information that was reported previously by the authors of the article B. A statement regarding conflict of interest C. Educational background of the authors D. Acknowledgment of contributions made by others that did not constitute authorship E. Religious or governmental affiliations of the authors
A. Information that was reported previously by the authors of the article B. A statement regarding conflict of interest D. Acknowledgment of contributions made by others that did not constitute authorship
The first line of every new paragraph should be: A. Left-aligned and indented one tab space (usually 0.5 inch or 1.27 cm) B. Left-aligned without any indentation C. Right-aligned
A. Left-aligned and indented one tab space (usually 0.5 inch or 1.27 cm)
When does copyright protection on an article begin? A. Once the article is written or typed on a page B. Once the article is sent out for peer review C. Once the article is published
A. Once the article is written or typed on a page
How many spaces should you use after a period at the end of a sentence in an APA Style paper? A. One B. Two C. Either one or two
A. One
Which of the following are required elements of a student title page? (more than 1) A. Paper title B. Author name C. Running head D. Author note E. Author affiliation F. Course number and name G. Instructor name H. Assignment due date I. Page number
A. Paper title B. Author name E. Author affiliation F. Course number and name G. Instructor name H. Assignment due date I. Page number
How should you write the in-text citation for a work with three or more authors? A. Provide the name of the first author plus "et al." and the publication year. B. Provide the names of all authors (unless there are six or more) and the publication year; on subsequent citations, shorten the author list to the name of the first author plus "et al." C. Provide the names of all authors and the publication year in every citation.
A. Provide the name of the first author plus "et al." and the publication year
Who is responsible for ensuring that any errors in a published work are noted in a correction notice? A. The author(s) B. The journal editor C. The journal publisher D. The author's university
A. The author(s)
What are the advantages of using parenthetical citations? (more than 1) A. They keep the focus on the material rather than on who produced it B. They allow you to repeat a citation in every sentence C. They allow you to cite multiple works at a time D. They allow you to integrate information from multiple sources
A. They keep the focus on the material rather than on who produced it C. They allow you to cite multiple works at a time D. They allow you to integrate information from multiple sources
When should you use direct quotations in your writing? (more than 1) A. To reproduce an exact definition B. When an author has said something memorably or succinctly C. To respond to the way in which something was said and not just the idea behind it D. When using footnotes instead of in-text citations
A. To reproduce an exact definition B. When an author has said something memorably or succinctly C. To respond to the way in which something was said and not just the idea behind it
Any conflict of interest, such as economic and commercial interests in a product or service discussed in a paper, should be disclosed in an author note. A. True B. False
A. True
In APA Style, page numbering starts at "1" on the title page. A. True B. False
A. True
In APA Style, running heads are not required in student essays unless an instructor requires them A. True B. False
A. True
The year of publication should be included in parentheses when an author is named in the text and a full citation is required. For example: "Lastname (year) argued that...". A. True B. False
A. True
When citing one or two authors in-text, never use et al.; instead, always provide the author(s)' names. A. True B. False
A. True
When mentioning a source with at least three authors in a sentence in either a parenthetical citation or in the sentence text, only the first author's name and et al. should be provided: "Lastname et al. (year) argued that...". A. True B. False
A. True
Which statements describe correct ways to format your APA Style paper? (more than 1) A. Use a legible and widely available font B. Double-space your paper C. Align text to the right margin of your paper D. Add extra lines before and after headings in your paper E. Use 1-in. margins on every side of your paper F. Indent most paragraphs of your paper 0.5 in from the left margin
A. Use a legible and widely available font B. Double-space your paper E. Use 1-in. margins on every side of your paper F. Indent most paragraphs of your paper 0.5 in from the left margin
How can you improve your note-taking to avoid plagiarism? (more than 1) A. Use reference management software to keep track of notes B. Copy notes directly into your paper to integrate them into your writing C. Keep notes separate from your paper D. Always include the source when copying and pasting
A. Use reference management software to keep track of notes C. Keep notes separate from your paper D. Always include the source when copying and pasting
What pronoun should you use when you are writing about an individual whose gender is unknown or irrelevant to the context of your paper? A. Use the singular "they" B. Use "he" or "she" as a generic third-person pronoun C. Make your best guess about the appropriate pronoun on the basis of the person's name
A. Use the singular "they"
Which of the following are effective strategies to make your writing clearer? A. Use words and phrases consistently B. Use direct, declarative sentences C. Use colloquial expressions and contractions D. Use jargon to appeal to a scholarly audience E. Attribute human characteristics to animals or inanimate objects F. Make logical comparisons by using parallel sentence structure
A. Use words and phrases consistently B. Use direct, declarative sentences F. Make logical comparisons by using parallel sentence structure
Which statements correctly describe how to present most numbers in an APA Style paper? (more than 1) A. Use words for numbers zero through nine B. Use numerals for numbers 0 through 9 C. Use numerals for numbers 10 and above D. Use words for numbers ten and above E. Use numerals for all numbers F. Use words for all numbers
A. Use words for numbers zero through nine C. Use numerals for numbers 10 and above
When should you provide citations? (more than 1) A. When providing background information B. When stating common knowledge C. When defining key terms D. When quoting another work E. When paraphrasing another work
A. When providing background information C. When defining key terms D. When quoting another work E. When paraphrasing another work
When should you use paraphrasing in your writing? (more than 1) A. When summarizing relevant details B. When providing exact definitions C. When synthesizing ideas from multiple sources D. When undertaking narrative exposition
A. When summarizing relevant details C. When synthesizing ideas from multiple sources
When should you use quotation marks with quotations from other works? A. When the quotation is less than 40 words long B. When the quotation is a block quotation (40 words or more) C. With all quotations, regardless of length or block format
A. When the quotation is less than 40 words long
What type of "voice" is preferred in writing a research paper?
Active (more accuracy & clarity)
Name the type of plagiarism: Include proper citation to sources but the paper contains almost no original work
Aggregator
APA Style consists of more than references and in-text citations. What other areas does APA Style address? A. Spelling and capitalization B. Number use C. Paraphrasing and quotation D. Ethical standards when planning and conducting research E. Journal article reporting standards (JARS) F. Copyright and permission as relevant to reproducing G. Works such as images from the internet H. Publishing your work
All are correct
Place the four reference elements in the order they should appear in an APA Style reference. Title Source Author Date
Author Date Title source
What do short direct quotes need?
Author Year of publication Page number
How should in-text citations be formatted?
Author's last name and date in parentheses with complete citation in the reference list
Which of the following choices is the correct formatting for a citation to personal communication? A. (Johnson, email, September 3, 2019) B. (J. Johnson, personal communication, September 3, 2019) C. (Johnson, personal communication, para. 4) D. (J. Johnson, email, para. 4)
B. (J. Johnson, personal communication, September 3, 2019)
Choose the correct in-text citation format for a direct quotation: A. (Johnson, 2013) B. (Johnson, 2013, p. 4) C. (2013, p. 4)
B. (Johnson, 2013, p. 4)
If the only way to cite a source is through a secondary source citation, which of the following citations is the correct formatting? In the examples below, Lastname1 refers to the author of the text you read, whereas Lastname2 refers to the secondary author quoted by Lastname1. A. (Lastname2, as cited in Lastname1, year, p. X) B. (Lastname2, year, as cited in Lastname1, year, p. X) C. (Lastname2, year, p. X) D. (Lastname1, year, p. X)
B. (Lastname2, year, as cited in Lastname1, year, p. X)
When you write a list of three or more items, what punctuation (if any) should you use before the final item? A. No punctuation B. A comma (or a semicolon if an item already contains a comma) C. A period
B. A comma (or a semicolon if an item already contains a comma)
What should you do if your work is flagged as containing plagiarism? (more than 1) A. Panic B. Communicate calmly and honestly C. Hope no one follows up with you D. Review the academic integrity policies of your institution
B. Communicate calmly and honestly D. Review the academic integrity policies of your institution
The title of a document is located only on the title page in APA Style. A. True B. False
B. False
True or false: The introduction should be labeled with a level 1 heading (e.g., "Introduction" centered, boldface, and capitalized). A. True B. False
B. False
When providing two or more authors' names in a parenthetical citation, use "and" to join the names, not the ampersand symbol. For example, (Lastname, Lastname, and Lastname, year, p. X). A. True B. False
B. False
In-text citations to paraphrased text must provide page/paragraph numbers. A. True B. False, though the APA rules permit authors to provide them.
B. False, though the APA rules permit authors to provide them.
Researchers are obligated to treat all study participants (both humans and nonhuman animals) in a __________ manner. A. Scholarly and scientific B. Humane and ethical C. Fun and humorous D. Reserved and distanced
B. Humane and ethical
Where do page numbers appear in an essay? A. In the bottom right footer B. In the top right header C. In the top left header D. In the bottom left footer
B. In the top right header
Which of the following citation errors are usually not considered plagiarism if they are attributable to an editorial oversight? (more than 1) A. Copying content from the internet without citing the source B. Misspelling an author's name C. Forgetting or mistyping an element in a reference list entry D. Citing a source in the text that does not have a corresponding reference list entry
B. Misspelling an author's name C. Forgetting or mistyping an element in a reference list entry D. Citing a source in the text that does not have a corresponding reference list entry
Which of the following should you do if multiple works by the same author appear in your reference list? A. Place the works in alphabetical order by title. B. Place the works in chronological order by publication date. C. Replace the repeated author names with a long dash.
B. Place the works in chronological order by publication date.
There are additional ethical considerations when sharing ____________ data because it often involves presenting raw data in the paper. A. Personal B. Qualitative C. Quantitative
B. Qualitative
All sections of an APA Style paper start on a new page, except for which section? A. Appendices may be embedded within the text after they are first mentioned B. Tables and figures may be embedded within the text after they are first mentioned C. The abstract may be placed at the bottom of the title page
B. Tables and figures may be embedded within the text after they are first mentioned
Is the passive voice allowed in APA Style? A. Yes, the passive voice is preferred in APA Style B. Yes, but try to use the active voice when possible C. No, the passive voice is not allowed in APA Style
B. Yes, but try to use the active voice when possible
Which example shows how to correctly format an abbreviation that is introduced along with a citation? A. cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) (Iwamasa & Hays, 2019) B. cognitive behavior therapy (CBT; Iwamasa & Hays, 2019) C. cognitive behavior therapy (CBT [Iwamasa & Hays, 2019])
B. cognitive behavior therapy (CBT; Iwamasa & Hays, 2019)
Which example shows how to correctly cite multiple works in a parenthetical in-text citation? A. (Austen, 1811, 1813, Steinbeck, 1952, Stoker, 1897) B. (Austen, 1811; 1813; Stoker, 1897; Steinbeck, 1952) C. (Austen, 1811, 1813; Steinbeck, 1952; Stoker, 1897)
C. (Austen, 1811, 1813; Steinbeck, 1952; Stoker, 1897)
If the cited resource doesn't have an identified author, what information should be provided in the in-text citation? A. (Anonymous, year, p. X) B. No citation is necessary C. (The first few words of the title of the resource, year, p. X)
C. (The first few words of the title of the resource, year, p. X)
How wide should the header and footer be? A. 1 inch (2.5 cm) B. 1.5 inches (3.81 cm) C. Authors may use Microsoft Word's default settings, which are usually 0.49 inches (1.24 cm)
C. Authors may use Microsoft Word's default settings, which are usually 0.49 inches (1.24 cm)
When writing about people with disabilities, what kind of language should you use? A. Person-first language (e.g. "people with substance use disorders" rather than "substance abusers") B. Identity-first language (e.g., "autistic people" or "Deaf people" rather than "people with autism" or "people who are deaf") C. Either or both person-first or identity-first language, unless or until you know that a person or group prefers one approach—in which case, use the preferred approach
C. Either or both person-first or identity-first language, unless or until you know that a person or group prefers one approach—in which case, use the preferred approach
Choose the correct formatting for a level 2 section heading: A. Centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase text B. Centered, uppercase and lowercase text C. Flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase text D. Flush left, uppercase and lowercase text
C. Flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase text
The alignment of text should be: A. Whatever the author prefers B. Justified (the words are spread equally across the line so that every line of text ends at the right margin) C. Left-aligned with a ragged right edge (the text begins at the left margin and the spacing at the right margin is uneven) D. Right-aligned (the text begins at the right margin and the spacing at the left margin is uneven)
C. Left-aligned with a ragged right edge (the text begins at the left margin and the spacing at the right margin is uneven)
Which example shows how to correctly cite a short quotation in parenthetical format? A. Personality traits are thought to be "relatively stable across the lifespan" (Redford, 2019). B. Redford (2019) stated that personality traits are thought to be "relatively stable across the lifespan" (Redford, 2019, p. 25). C. Personality traits are thought to be "relatively stable across the lifespan" (Redford, 2019, p. 25).
C. Personality traits are thought to be "relatively stable across the lifespan" (Redford, 2019, p. 25).
What should you do if you want to reproduce a table or figure from another work? A. Use a regular in-text citation B. Provide a URL for the original table or figure in the table or figure note C. Secure permission to reprint the table or figure, if necessary, and provide a copyright attribution in the table or figure note
C. Secure permission to reprint the table or figure, if necessary, and provide a copyright attribution in the table or figure note
Name the type of plagiarism: Contains a significant portions of text from a single source without alterations
CTRL-C
What are the 4 steps of writing a research paper?
Choose topic (start broad then narrow) Start researching Evaluate sources Build an outline
Name the type of plagiarism: Submitting another's work, word for word as ones own
Clone
What is the most common plagiarism?
Copying uncited text from a printed source and copying uncited text from an internet source
If the author's last name and the year of publication are provided in the signal phrase before a quotation, what information is required in the parenthetical citation? For example: "Lastname (year) noted that, "quotation text" (what should be here?). A. No citation is necessary B. (page X) or (paragraph X) C. The URL where the resource was retrieved D. (p. X) or (para. X)
D. (p. X) or (para. X)
The typeface and font size should be: A. Serif (e.g., Times New Roman) or Sans serif (e.g., Arial typeface in a legible size (e.g., 12 pt, 11 pt.) B. Accessible and widely available. C. Used consistently throughout the entire paper. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
When citing a direct quotation from an ebook that doesn't have page numbers, which of the following is the correct approach to indicating the location of the information within the ebook? A. A paragraph number B. A heading plus a paragraph number within the section C. An abbreviated heading in quotation marks if the original heading is long D. Any of these options, depending on how the information is presented within the book.
D. Any of these options, depending on how the information is presented within the book.
What is the correct line spacing? A. Single-spaced throughout, including block quotations and references B. Single-spaced throughout, but double-spaced between paragraphs C. Double-spaced throughout, but block quotations and references can be single-spaced D. Double-spaced throughout, including block quotations and references
D. Double-spaced throughout, including block quotations and references
Where are in-text citations placed in an APA Style essay? A. In the reference list B. After the closing punctuation mark at the end of a sentence C. At the bottom of each page D. In round brackets after quotations or paraphrases
D. In round brackets after quotations or paraphrases
Where are page numbers located? A. In the bottom left footer B. In the bottom right footer C. In the top left header D. In the top right header
D. In the top right header
True or False: Quotations should not be avoided in academic writing
False -- they should
Name the type of plagiarism: Changing key words & phrases but retaining the essential content of the source Student intent comes in to question
Find-Replace
Name the type of plagiarism: Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation Usually intentional
Hybrid
What level is the heading? Centered & Bold
Level 1
What level is the heading? Side heading in bold
Level 2
What level is the heading? Paragraph or run-in heading in sentence caps & bold italics Flush left
Level 3
What level is the heading? Paragraph or run in heading in sentence caps & bold Indented
Level 4
What level is the heading? Paragraph or run in heading in sentence caps & italics Indented
Level 5
Name the type of plagiarism: Mixes copied material from multiple sources
Mashup
Name the reference tool: - Founded in 2007 - Purchased by Elsevier in 2013 - Freemium software for most platforms - Multiple module organization - Browser extensions available - Extensively collaborative - Citation plug ins
Mendeley
Should a footnote be included in ANOVAs to explain the p threshold?
No
Name the type of plagiarism: Includes proper citation but relies too closely on the text's original wording and/or structure
Re-tweet
Name the type of plagiarism: Borrows generously from the writer's previous work without citation (You can cite your own writing)
Recycle
Name the type of plagiarism: Paraphrases from multiple sources, made to fit together
Remix
Fonts have to be consistent except for figure images. What font should you use?
Sans serif font between 8-14 point
What are asterisks used to indicate in ANOVA?
Statistical significance
What are the mandated sections for APA?
Title Abstract Body References
True or False: References with long titles should be italicized
True
Is an abstract required for IMRAD format? Our review?
Yes No
Name the reference tool: - Freemium software - Charges for online storage >300 Mb - Drag-drop interface - >30 languages - Claims that products such as Mendeley, Papers and Paperline depend on its open source code
Zotero
In statistical results, what are enclosed by parentheses and don't have a 0 before the decimal?
p-values