Med Surg Final Exam

The nursing student says to the instructor, "I always hear about critical thinking and how to develop it. How will this benefit me as a nurse?" What is the best response by the instructor?

"Acquiring critical thinking skills will help you become more efficient and effective at resolving problems."

The nurse is collecting data for a client who has been diagnoses with iron-deficiency anemia. What subjective findings does the nurse recognize as symptoms related to this type of anemia?

"I have difficulty breathing when walking 30 feet."

A client visits the physician's office concerned about possible sleep apnea. The client states he lives alone and fears that he will not awaken from sleep. The client states that he has many symptoms which may indicate sleep apnea. Which symptom, stated by the client, is not a symptom of sleep apnea?

"I have pressure in the middle of my chest at night."

A client is taking the immunosuppressant medication, azathioprine (Imuran), for the treatment of Crohn's disease. What statement made by the client demonstrates an understanding of the side effects of this medication?

"I will notify the doctor if I have a fever or any other signs of infection."

A client requires a blood transfusion for anemia and informs the nurse that he refuses because he doesn't want to contract acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). What is the best response by the nurse?

"The blood is screened very carefully; the risk is approximately 1 in 2,000,000."

An LPN just received her license to practice and applied for a position at a skilled nursing care facility. While being interviewed, the LPN asks what her role will be at the facility. What is the best answer by the interviewer?

"You will be participating in the care of the clients."

A student nurse asks the nursing instructor, "What will my role as a nurse encompass after I graduate?" What is the best response by the nursing instructor?

"You will care for individuals and families and play a role in health education, illness prevention, and promotion."

The nurse is caring for a client who is demonstrating signs of increased respiratory distress to laryngeal obstruction. The nurse is calling the physician to report on the client's condition. Which of the following will the nurse report? Select all that apply.

- Arterial blood gases reporting a PaCO2 of 48 and a PaO2 of 84 - lung sounds of wheezing - increased respiratory effort - nasal flaring with abdominal retractions

The nursing instructor is discussing allergic reactions with her clinical group. What allergic reactions would the nursing instructor talk about? Select all that apply.

- Cytotoxic - Atopic - Immune complex

The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a client who has a history of a respiratory infection. Which documentations, completed by the nurse, indicate the resolution of the infection? Select all that apply.

- Palpable vibrations over the chest wall when the client speaks - bronchovesicular sounds heard over the upper lung fields - lung fields documented as clear in the bases

A client is scheduled for a Schilling test in the morning. What diagnostic results would be indicated if the test is positive? Select all that apply.

- Pernicious anemia - Malabsorption syndromes - Sickle-cell anemia

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client. diagnosed with postoperative tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Which discharge instructions would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

- apply an ice collar to the neck area - gradually increase fluids then add soft foods - avoid carbonated fluids - gargle with warm saline water

Which tests tell the physician what the viral load is in a client with HIV/AIDS? Select all that apply.

- p24 antigen test - polymerase chain reaction

The nursing instructor is discussing with the nursing class about fluid and electrolyte balance. What would the instructor tell the students that the average daily fluid intake for an adult is?

2500 mL

A client has been hospitalized for diagnostic testing. The client has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, which the physician explains is an autoimmune disorder. How would the nurse explain an autoimmune disease to the client?

A disorder where killer T cells and autoantibodies attack or destroy natural cells -- those cells that are "self"

The seasoned nurse is instructing the new graduate on information obtained from central venous pressure and pulmonary artery pressure. Which statement, made by the seasoned nurses reflects the most pertinent information regarding circulation?

A pulmonary artery pressure provides information about pressure on the left side of the heart

A nurse educator is teaching students the type of shock and associated causes. Which combination of shock type and causative factors are correct. Select all that apply. A. Hypovolemic shock; blood loss B. Obstructive shock; kidney stone C. Cardiogenic shock; myocardial infarction D. Anaphylactic shock; nuts E. septic shock; infection F. Neurogenic shock; diabetes

A, C, D, E

A client was admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. When it is time to complete discharge teaching, which of the following with the nurse teach the client and his family? Select all that apply. A. Drink at least eight glasses of fluid each day. B. Drink caffeinated beverages to retain fluid. C. Drink carbonated beverages to help balance fluid volume. D. Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs. E. Respond to thirst.

A. Drink at least eight glasses of fluid each day D. Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs E. Respond to thirst

Before administering digoxin to a client with valvular disease, the nurse assessed the apical heart rate at 62 bpm. The clients usual rate ranges between 66-72 bpm. Which is the best action for the nurse to take?

Administer the digoxin

A nurse is caring for a client who has had cardiac surgery must understand how pulmonary artery pressure is monitored. What is important about pulmonary artery pressure?

Aids in the early treatment of fluid imbalances

A client has not responded to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. What option may be available for treatment for this client?

Aldesleukin

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with hypovolemic shock. Which outcome would be the best evidence of an improvement in client condition?

Alertness and level of consciousness

The nurse is administering captopril to a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. What type of medication does the nurse informed the client was taking?

An angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACE)

The client will be placed on a cardiopulmonary bypass for a mitral valve replacement. What type of medication will be required for this client?

An anticoagulant

A registered nurse is receiving a client from the emergency room on a dopamine drip. The registered nurse asked the nurse to prepare the room for the client. The practical nurse obtained an IV pump, sets the bed, arrange the furniture, and places a towel and gown of in the bathroom. Which other piece of equipment is essential?

An automatic blood pressure monitoring machine

A client comes to the emergency department complaining of pre-cordial chest pain. In describing the pain, the client described it as pressure with a sudden onset. What is the process with the nurse suspect in this client?

Coronary artery disease

You are caring for a client with shock. You are concerned about hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis with your client. What finding should you analyze for evidence of hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis in a client with shock?

Arterial blood gas findings (ABG)

The nurse is caring for a client with coronary artery disease. What is an appropriate nursing action when evaluating a client with CAD?

Assess the characteristics of chest pain

A client with progressive mitral valve prolapse is experiencing sympathetic nervous system symptoms in addition to prolapse symptoms. Which teaching point should be stressed by the nurse in an effort to minimize these effects?

Avoid caffeine

A client is taking a corticosteroid for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematous. When the nurse is providing instructions about the medication to the client, what priority information should be included?

Be alert for signs and symptoms of infection and report them immediately to the physician.

The nurse is providing nutritional instruction to the client diagnosed with hypovolemia. Which would the nurse emphasize is something to avoid?

Beverages with alcohol or caffeine

A client with heart failure is having a decrease in cardiac output. What indication does the nurse have that this is occurring?

Blood pressure 80/46 mm Hg

The nurse is caring for a geriatric client. The client is ordered the Jackson tablets 0.125 mg for a cardiac dysrhythmias. Which of the following assessment considerations is essential in caring for this age group?

Digoxin level

The nurse is instructing a client about taking a liquid iron preparation for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. What should the nurse include in the instructions?

Dilute the liquid preparations with another liquid such as juice and drink with a straw

The nurse is obtaining data on an older client. What finding might indicate to the nurse the early symptoms of heart failure?

Dyspnea on exertion

A client asks the nurse about the importance of taking supplements to maximize immune function. The client is healthy and does not have any medical problems. What is the best information to give to the client?

Eating a moderate diet that is balanced and varied will maximize immune function.

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. What procedures for the nurse prepares a client for in order to determine the ejection fraction to measure the efficiency of the heart of a pump?

Echocardiogram

You are caring for a client with a fib. What procedure would be recommended if drug therapies did not control the dysrhythmia?

Elective cardioversion

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure with signs of hypervolemia. Which vital sign is indicated of the disease process?

Elevated blood pressure

A client with end-stage renal disease has a decreased red blood cell production. What medication can the nurse administer with physician's order that will increase the production of erythrocytes?

Epoetin alfa

A client with lupus has has antineoplastic drugs prescribed. Why would the physician prescribe antineoplastic drugs for an autoimmune disorder?

For their immunosuppressant effects

You were teaching a group of nursing students about adventitious heart sounds. You explain that auscultation of the heart requires familiarization with normal and abnormal heart sounds. What would you tell the students a ventricular Gallup indicates an adult?

Heart failure

6 hours

How long is the heart available after it has been removed from the donor?

The nurse is conducting a lecture on the difference between hypovolemia and dehydration. When completing a verbal comparison, which point I need clarified?

Hypovolemia contains only low blood volume

You are caring for a client who is in neurogenic shock. You know that this is a subcategory of what kind of shock?

Hypovolemic

A client is recovering from a craniotomy with tumor the bulky. Which comment by the client indicates to the nurse a correct understanding of what the surgery entailed?

I guess the doctor could not remove the entire tumor

The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for chemo therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

I hope they find a bone marrow donor who matches

get a doppler and check for a pulse

If a patient has surgery and you cannot feel their pedal pulse, what do you do next?

Which of the following is a true statement about critical thinking in nursing?

It involves purposeful, outcome-directed thinking.

A client in the hospital informed the nurse he feels like his heart is racing and can't catch his breath. What is the nurse understand occurs as a result of a tachydysrhythmia?

It reduces ventricular ejection volume

The nurse is caring for a client on the cardiac unit. Which change of condition may indicate potential increasing of right sided heart failure?

Jugular vein distention, increased dyspnea, increased palpitations, increased weakness on ambulation

A client is being evaluated for coronary artery disease and is scheduled for an electron beam computed tomography. The nurse understands that the primary advantage of this radiologic test is which of the following?

Less exposure to radiation

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with heart failure preparing to leave the following day. What type of diet should the nurse request the dietitian to discuss with the client?

Low sodium diet

The nurse is caring for a client with multiple organ failure and in metabolic acidosis which pair of organs is responsible for regulatory processes and compensation?

Lungs and kindeys

The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. Which nursing intervention is most helpful to decrease myocardial oxygen consumption?

Maintain activity restriction to bed rest

You are caring for an 81-year-old client who is deciding whether to have cardio vascular surgery. The client asked you why the risk are greater for them than for a younger person, what would be your answer?

Many older adults have other things wrong with them beside the cardiac problems

The nurse working on a bone marrow unit knows that it is a priority to monitor which of the following in a client who has just undergone a stem cell transplant?

Monitor the client closely to prevent infection

The nurse is caring for a client in the irreversible stage of shock. The nurse is explaining to the clients family the poor prognosis. What will the nurse be most accurate to explain as a rationale for imminent death?

Multiple organ failure

What relieves his pain by dilating coronary arteries, and helps to reestablish blood flow around the thrombus?

Nitroglycerin

The nurses obtaining vital signs for a client in the clinic who has had a cardiac transplant. The nurse obtained an apical heart rate of 110 bpm. What is a priority action by the nurse?

No action is required because the transplanted heart beats faster than the natural heart

A client recently had a MI and ask the nurse if he will require a heart transplant. Based on the nurses knowledge of indications for a heart transplant what is the best response?

No. Heart transplant is indicated for cardiomyopathy, end-stage coronary artery disease, and end-stage heart failure

A client is being treated in the hospital for hypovolemia related to a bleeding peptic ulcer. The nurse obtains a blood pressure reading of 88/62MMHG, heart rate of 112 bpm, and a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute. What is the first action by the nurse?

Notify the physician

A client is admitted to the emergency department with significant blood loss. The physician orders 2 units of packed red blood class to be transfused immediately. Which blood groups would be compatible with his O Rh-positive blood groups?

O Rh-positive or O Rh-negative

You are working in a long-term care facility with a group of older adults with cardiac disorders. Why would it be important for you to closely monitor in adult receiving digitalis preparations for cardiac disorders?

Older adults for an increase risk for toxicity

The nurse is evaluating a client in the intensive care unit to identify improvement in the clients condition. Which outcome does the nurses note as a result of inadequate compensatory mechanisms?

Organ damage

their rings, shoes, or clothing have become tight

Patients who have right-sided heart failure notice what?

The nurse is administering furosemide (lasix) to promote urinary excretion of excess fluids for a client with cirrhosis. When administering Lasix to this client, which are the most closely monitor?

Potassium level

The client is in the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of severe uncontrolled hypertension. What method of monitoring would best meet the needs of this client?

Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring

A client has pulmonary artery catheter from Henry and to ensure fluid balance. When measuring pulmonary capillary blood pressure, the nurse forgets to deflate the balloon and leave it in place. What outcome can be the result of this action by the nurse?

Pulmonary infarction

A client is ordered a nitroglycerin transdermal patch for treatment of CAD and asked the nurse why the patch is removed at bedtime. Which is the best response by the nurse?

Removing a patch and night prevents drug tolerance while keeping the benefits

The nurse is administering an injection to a client with AIDS and, when finished, attempts to recap the needle and sustains a needle stick injury to the finger. What is the priority action by the nurse?

Report the incident to the supervisor

The nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The client calls the doctor and states having difficulty breathing and overall feeling fatigued. The nurse realize that this client is at high risk for which condition?

Respiratory alkalosis

One of the students ask what is the consequence of uncorrected, left-sided heart failure it would be. What would be the nursing instructors best response?

Right sided heart failure

When assessing a client, which side would you know with an early sign of an impending heart failure?

S3 heart sound

1) blood volume decreases 2) the heart fails as an effective pump 3) peripheral blood vessels massively dilate

Shock develops as a consequence of what three events:

A client is two days post operative from mitral valve replacement and is in pain at an eight on a 0 to 10 scale. What interventions can the nurse provided to control the pain before getting to this level?

Suggest the client be placed on a patient controlled analgesia, administer a non-narcotic analgesics between prescribed doses of narcotic analgesics, administer the pain medication prior to the pain becoming severe

A female client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse, "I think I have another vaginal infection and I also have some warlike lesions on my vagina. This is happening quite often." What should the nurse consult with the physician regarding?

Testing the client for the presence of HIV

The nurse is gathering data from laboratory studies for a client who has HIV. The clients T4-Cell count is 200/mm3, and the client has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia. What does this indicate to the nurse?

The client has converted from HIV infection to AIDS.

The nurse is caring for a motor vehicle accident client who is unresponsive on arrival to the emergency department. The client has numerous fractures, internal abdominal injuries, and large laceration on the head and torso. The family arrives and six update on the clients condition. A family member ask what causes the body to go into shock? Given the clients condition which statement is most correct?

The client is in shock because the blood volume has decreased in the system

A client being cared for by the health care team has a large open abdominal wound after having a surgical procedure. The wound had to be reopened because of the development of infection and is left to heal with packing and dressing changes twice daily. What would be an appropriate measurable short-term outcome for this client?

The client will have no fever and no purulent discharge in 3 days.

The nurse is caring for a client who is having a mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve. What instructions for the nurse to be sure the client understands prior to being discharged

The client will require anticoagulation

retaining or excreting bicarbonate ions

The kidneys assist in acid-base balance by doing what?

The nurse has developed a plan of care for a client who is having a surgical procedure and is at risk for the development of pneumonia. The nurse devises the outcome statement to read, "The client will have clear lungs by the third postoperative day." On the third postoperative day, the client has left lower lobe crackles and infiltrates on the chest x-ray. What conclusion does the nurse reach for this client?

The outcome is not achieved, and the plan requires critical reevaluation and major revision.

A client is cutting vegetables for dinner and accidentally cuts his finger. What response is desirable to destroy foreign agents such as microorganisms to prevent infection from developing in the finger?

The release of antibodies

A client has been involved in an automobile accident and is assessed to have enlarged spleen. What does the nurse understand is the significance of attempting to prevent unnecessary removal of the spleen for this client?

The spleen is a lymphatic structure and assists with phagocytosis.

The nurse is studying for a physiology test over the respiratory system. What should the nurse know about central chemoreceptors in the medulla?

They respond to changes in CO2 levels and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the cerebrospinal fluid.

a catheter

To accurately assess urinary output in a severe heart failure patient on diuretics, what would be needed?

In the treatment of coronary artery disease, medications are often order to control blood pressure and the client. Which of the following is a primary purpose of using beta adrenergic blockers in the nursing management of CAD?

To decrease workload of the heart

A client is awaiting the availability of a heart for transplant. What options may be available to the client as a bridge to transplant?

Ventricular assist device

A client has been diagnosed with HIV and has been placed on antiretroviral therapy. What does the nurse inform the client that will be required for determining the progression of the disease as well as guiding drug therapy?

Viral load and T4-cell counts will be performed every 2 to 3 months

pulmonary infarction

What can happen if the nurse forgets to deflate the balloon attached to the pulmonary wedge and is left inside the patients lungs?

metoprolol (lopressor)

What is an example of a Beta-adrenergic blocker?

alteplase (activase)

What is an example of a thrombolytic?

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)

What is an example of a vasodilator?

heparin

What is an example of an anticoagulant and antiplatelet agent?

hyperventilating

What is an example of respiratory alkalosis?

exertion dyspnea

What is found to be the first symptom of left-sided heart failure?

oral Coumadin

What kind of medication would a patient be on who had a valve replacement?

low potassium levels

What lab value are you most concerned about when you give Lasix to a patient with heart failure?

lungs and kidneys

What organs facilitate the ratio of HCO3 to H2CO3?

respiratory symptoms

What type of symptoms do patients who are experiencing left-sided heart failure have?

tachydysrhythmia lowers the amount of blood being ejected by ventricles and there isn't enough filling time

When a patient is experiencing tachydysrhythmia, why would they feel that their heart is beating too fast and they cannot breath?

A client is admitted to the hospital for control of diabetes mellitus. When does the LPN understand the nursing process begins?

When the client enters the health care system

in bone marrow

Where are the majority of stem cells found within the body?

overall older adults have more body system problems

Why would older adults undergoing heart surgery be at more risk than they were, when they were younger?

check for toxicity

With older patients who have kidney issues and are taking digoxin, what do you need to check for?

The nurse is preparing to administer to docs into a client with heart failure. The nurse obtained an apical pulse rate for one minute and determines a rate of 52 bpm. What is the first action by the nurse?

Withhold the medication and notify the physician of the heart rate

The nurse is caring for a respiratory client who uses a noninvasive positive pressure device. Which medical equipment does the nurse anticipate to find in the client's room?

a face mask

The nurse is caring for a client who has just had a tracheostomy. What should the nurse monitor frequently?

airway patency

A new graduate nurse is assigned six clients to care for on a medical unit. Without asking anyone for help, by the end of the shift, the nurse is visibly upset and states, "I can't do this anymore." What characteristic of critical thinking has this nurse not developed?

aware of their own limitations

A client is to have a hip replacement in 3 months and does not want a blood transfusion from random donors. What option can the nurse discuss with the client?

bank autologous blood

While caring for a client with a chest tube, which nursing assessment would alert the nurse to a possible complication?

crackling is heard when skin around tube is touched

Which of the following is an important element of implementation?

documentation

The nurse is providing health education on the body's ability exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through the alveolar capillary membrane. Which statement, provided by the nurse, is most correct when asked about diffusion during inspiration?

during inspiration, oxygen is greater in the alveoli than in the capillaries

A client informs the nurse that he is having a difficult time coping with seasonal allergies and have taken some over-the-counter medications to assist with control of symptoms. What results would indicate to the nurse that the client does have allergies?

elevated eosinophils

Which phase of the nursing process enables the nurse to compare the actual outcomes with the expected outcomes?

evaluation

A nurse is obtaining a health history from a client who reports hemoptysis for the past 2 months. The client reports occasional dyspnea. Which imaging study, ordered by the physician, will view the thoracic cavity while in motion?

fluoroscopy

The LPN has been assigned to a medical floor and to do all of the dressing changes and other treatments. The RN will make the rounds with the physicians, transcribe orders, and administer all of the IV medications. Another LPN will administer medications. What type of nursing is this group providing?

functional nursing

The LPN is following a plan of care for a client who is being treated for hypovolemic anemia and is at risk for hypovolemic shock. The nurse assesses vital signs and O2 saturation and observes the saturation at 89% for 3 minutes. What should the first action by the nurse be?

give oxygen per nasal cannula

Which type of nursing diagnosis has a goal to increase well-being and enhance specific health behaviors?

health promotion nursing diagnosis

Albumin is a protein in the plasma portion of the blood. Under normal conditions, albumin cannot pass through the wall of a capillary. What significance does this have for the vascular compartment?

helps retain fluid in the vascular compartment

Which type of care is used for clients with terminal illness who have a life expectancy of less than 6 months?

hospice care

A client's immune system has the ability to protect itself from external invaders. What type of immune function is present when this occurs?

immunocompetence

Macrophages attach and destroy foreign substances to the body. Where does this action occur?

in the lymph node

A client has been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but has no symptoms at this time. The client has received radiation and chemotherapy with responsiveness to this treatment. How would this disease be classified according to the lack of symptoms and responsiveness to treatment?

indolent

The client, with a lower respiratory airway infection, is presenting with symptoms such as fever, chills, dry hacking cough, and wheezing. Which nursing diagnosis best supports the assessment by the nurse?

ineffective airway clearance

The client with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) presents with severe hypoxemia, in spite of oxygen administration via face mask. Which intervention would the nurse anticipate and prepare for?

insertion of endotracheal tube

The nurse is caring for a client in the immediate post-thoracentesis period. In which position is the client placed?

lying on the unaffected side

A client with lymphedema in the left arm has weeping from the skin and has a small 2-cm ulcer on the upper arm. What test does the nurse anticipate the client will be prepared for?

lymphangiography

A client with a diagnosis of pernicious anemia comes to the clinic complaining of numbness and tingling in his arms and legs. What do these symptoms indicate?

neurologic involvement

A client is being treated in the hospital for hypovolemia related to a bleeding peptic ulcer. The nurse obtains a blood pressure reading of 88/62 mm Hg, heart rate of 112 beats/minute, and a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/minute. What is the first action by the nurse?

notify the physician

A graduate practical nurse is caring for a client who has a tracheostomy tube. A seasoned nurse is assisting in providing guidance for completing tracheostomy care. When changing the ties, the client moves and dislodges the tube. Which of the following does the seasoned nurse do first?

place a dilator in the stoma to maintain the opening

A client is experiencing chronic hypovolemic anemia as evidenced by laboratory results. What symptoms does the nurse expect to find for this client when collecting objective data?

postural hypotension

The nurse gathers data for a client who has dehydration and formulates a nursing diagnosis of Fluid Volume Deficit related to diarrhea and vomiting as evidenced by poor skin turgor, lethargy, and altered fluid and electrolyte balance. What type of nursing diagnosis is identified with this client?

problem-focused nursing diagnosis

The nurse is obtaining objective data from a client with lymphangitis of the left arm. What does the nurse expect to find collecting this data from the client?

red streaks following the course of the lymph channels

The nurse is analyzing a client's blood pH of 7.1. Which symptom would indicate that the client's body is working to stabilize?

respirations are increasing

The nurse is providing suggestions to a client diagnosed with the effects of coryza. Which home remedy is appropriate when combined with medical treatment for pharyngitis?

salt water gargle

Which of the following is the highest level of human need according to Maslow (1968)?

self-actualization

An older adult client is being transferred to another facility in order to continue physical therapy after having a total right hip replacement. What type of facility will provide skilled nursing and rehabilitative care for this client who will go home after the rehabilitation?

skilled nursing care

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with coryza, possibly from the rhinovirus. Vital signs are temperature: 101.2 F, pulse: 72 beats/minute, respirations: 28 breaths/minute, and blood pressure: 112/70 mm Hg. Upon morning assessment, the client states a sore throat, moist cough, and watery eyes. The lungs are course in the bases. Which afternoon assessment finding suggests the advancement to an infectious process?

temperature rise

The nurse initiates the following intervention upon receiving a client back to the clinical unit after a throat-related procedure, "Elevate the head of the bed 45 degrees". Which nursing goal is met in this assessment?

the client will have decreased edema

multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

this is a complication of overwhelming inflammation that results in massive cellular, tissue, and organ injury

shock

this is a life-threatening condition that occurs when arterial blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues and cells are inadequate

stem cell transplantation (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation)

this is done to restore stem cells destroyed by disease or cancer treatments; ex. chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy

respiratory alkalosis

this results from a carbonic acid deficit that occurs when rapid breathing releases more CO2 with expired air; ex. hyperventilating

The nurse is inspecting the tonsils for a client with a fever and sore throat. The nurse observes purulent exudate on the surface of the tonsils. What does this finding indicate to the nurse?

tonsillitis

The nurse is caring for a client with Hodgkin's disease who has developed anemia. What would the nurse expect to be ordered for this client?

transfusions

The nurse is caring for a client in the physician's office with a potential sinus infection. The physician orders a diagnostic test to identify if fluid is found in the sinus cavity. Which diagnostic test, written by the physician, is specifically ordered for this purpose?

transillumination of the sinus

A client has been admitted to the hospital with a large sacral pressure ulcer. The physician orders the wound care protocol to be performed twice a day. What would be a statement on the plan of care that would address the implementation phase of the nursing process for this client?

turn the client every 2 hours

The nurse is caring for a client with a decrease in airway diameter causing airway resistance. The client experiences coughing and mucus production. Upon lung assessment, which adventitious breath sounds are anticipated?

wheezes