Med surg Reviews

C. Hyponatremia A client who has SIADH will have hyponatremia caused by the excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). As a result of the excess ADH, the client retains water, which causes dilutional hyponatremia.

A nurse is monitoring a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Polyuria B. Dehydration C. Hyponatremia D. Hyperthermia

C. "I will wash my feet daily and apply lotion, except between my toes." Diabetic neuropathy is a risk factor for amputation of an extremity. The client should inspect the feet daily in order to recognize early injury. The client should also clean the feet daily with mild soap and warm water. Lotion is applied to the feet to prevent drying and cracking. However, lotion should not be applied between the toes, as this can provide a moist environment that favors bacterial growth.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching about foot care to a client who has diabetic neuropathy. Which of the following statements by the client demonstrates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I can use a heating pad on my feet to keep them warm." B. "I can go barefoot as long as I stay inside the house." C. "I will wash my feet daily and apply lotion, except between my toes." D. "I will trim my toenails every morning by rounding the corners."

D. "Lie on your back with your head elevated 30° when resting." The nurse should instruct the client to rest in the semi-Fowler's position to prevent aspiration of nasal secretions.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is postoperative following a rhinoplasty. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "Apply warm compresses to the face." B. "Take aspirin 650 mg by mouth for mild pain." C. "Close your mouth when sneezing." D. "Lie on your back with your head elevated 30° when resting."

B. Protect the client's head The nurse should apply the safety and risk reduction priority-setting framework, which assigns priority to the factor or situation posing the greatest safety risk to the client. When there are several risks to client safety, the one posing the greatest threat is the highest priority. The nurse should use Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the ABC priority-setting framework, and/or nursing knowledge to identify which risk poses the greatest threat to the client. This client is at greatest risk for injury from hitting his head; therefore, the first action is to protect the client's head from injury

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the family of a client who has a new diagnosis of a seizure disorder. The nurse should instruct the client's family to take which of the following actions first in the event of a seizure? A. Reorient the client B. Protect the client's head C. Loosen constrictive clothing D. Turn the client onto his side

: A. Total lung capacity Pulmonary function tests are used to examine the effectiveness of the lungs and to identify lung problems. Total lung capacity measures the amount of air the lungs can hold after maximum inhalation. Incorrect Answers: B. Vital lung capacity measures the amount of air the client can exhale after maximum inhalation. C. Functional residual capacity measures the amount of air in the lungs after normal expiration. D. Residual volume measures the amount of air in the lungs after forced expiration.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client about pulmonary function testing. Which of the following tests measures the volume of air the lungs can hold at the end of maximum inhalation? A. Total lung capacity B. Vital lung capacity C. Functional residual capacity D. Residual volume

D. Set an alarm to ensure medication dosages are taken on time The nurse should instruct the client to take medication dosages on time to maintain a therapeutic blood level. Dosages should not be missed or postponed because this can cause an exacerbation of the disease.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG). Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include? A. Use enemas to treat constipation caused by daily medications B. Take a hot bath when muscles ache C. Eat a low-calorie diet D. Set an alarm to ensure medication dosages are taken on time

B. Turn off sources of oxygen near the fire. Oxygen fuels fire, so the nurse should turn off all sources of oxygen near the fire

A nurse is walking along the unit when she sees smoke coming from the central supply room. After activating the fire alarm, which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Place unused equipment between the fire doors. B. Turn off sources of oxygen near the fire. C. Place rolled blankets at the base of the fire. D. Keep the doors to the unit and client rooms open.

B. Diaphoresis A client who has a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL will exhibit manifestations of hypoglycemia. Expected findings associated with hypoglycemia include weakness, hunger, diaphoresis, nausea, shakiness, and confusion.

A nurse is caring for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and a capillary blood glucose reading of 48 mg/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Kussmaul respirations B. Diaphoresis C. Decreased skin turgor D. Ketonuria

C. Change the client's position This client is retaining the dialysate solution after the dwell time. The nurse should ensure that the clamp is open and the tubing is not kinked and should reposition the client to facilitate the drainage of the solution from the peritoneal cavity.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse notes that the client's dialysate output is less than the input and that his abdomen is distended. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter B. Administer pain medication to the client C. Change the client's position D. Place the drainage bag above the client's abdomen

D. Use gravies or sauces to soften food The nurse should instruct the client to use gravies or sauces to soften foods and make them easier to eat.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving radiation therapy for mouth cancer and reports a dry mouth. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse provide? A. Offer graham crackers as a snack B. Avoid foods containing citrus C. Rinse the mouth with an alcohol-based mouthwash before eating D. Use gravies or sauces to soften food

C. "I'll use my heating pad if I feel any muscle spasms in my back." The client should apply heat to the back to relax the paraspinal muscles and reduce spasms.

A nurse is preparing a client for discharge who is postoperative following a conventional lumbar disk excision. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the nurse's instructions? A. "I should have no problem climbing stairs when I get home." B. "I'll wait about 3 weeks before I return to my usual activities." C. "I'll use my heating pad if I feel any muscle spasms in my back." D. "I can go back to driving in about 2 weeks or so."