MED TERMS Chapter 4

Skeletal system

- supports the body, protects organs, and is the point of muscle attachment - consists of 206 bones (the skeleton)

A sprain is a dislocation of a joint.

False

The opposite action from depression is eversion.

False

There are 12 lumbar vertebrae.

False

Yellow bone marrow manufactures most of the blood cells.

False

In a compound fracture, the bone is shattered into fragments.

False.

Spinal stenosis means the narrowing of the spinal canal.

True

Stress fractures are caused by repetitive low-impact forces.

True

The abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia is called a contracture.

True

The adjective form for the wrist is "carpal."

True

The function of a bursa is to reduce friction.

True

Which of the following types of fracture is commonly seen in children? a) greenstick fracture b) simple fracture c) comminuted fracture d) stress fracture

a) greenstick fracture *This type of fracture is an incomplete break; one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent. It's commonly found in children due to their softer and more pliable bone structure.

The tibia is commonly referred to as the: a) shin bone b) kneecap c) hip bone d) ankle bone

a) shin bone *Tarsus is the ankle bone, hip bones are the os coxae, kneecap is patella.

Turning the palm upward is called: a) supination b) rotation c) pronation d) circumduction

a) supination *Turning palm downward is called pronation. Rotation is the movement around a central axis. Circumduction is movement in a circular direction from a central point.

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? a) vertebrae b) clavicle c) patella d) ischium

a) vertebrae *All other answer choices are part of the appendicular skeleton.

kyphosis

abnormal increase in curve of thoracic spine; humpback

lordosis

abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback

Which of the following conditions is commonly treated by bone reabsorption inhibitors? a) osteoarthritis b) Paget's disease c) Colles' fracture d) rheumatoid arthritis

b) Paget's disease

Which of the following abbreviations stands for a surgical procedure? a) FX b) TKA c) LE d) RA

b) TKA *TKA stands for total knee arthroplasty, which is surgical knee replacement surgery.

The type of movement that a skeletal muscle produces is called its: a) myoneural junction b) action c) origin d) tendon

b) action *The type of movement the skeletal muscle produces is called its action. The myoneural junction is where the motor nerve contacts muscle fiber, The tendon attaches muscle to bone, The origin is at the starting point of the muscle and is the less movable of the two bones to which the muscle is attached.

Which of the following conditions is commonly called a ruptured disk? a) ankylosing spondylitis b) herniated nucleus pulposus c) spondylolisthesis d) spina bifida

b) herniated nucleus pulposus * Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory spinal condition, spina bifida is a birth defect, and spondylolisthesis is the forward sliding of a lumbar vertebra over the vertebra below it.

Spina bifida is a congenital anomaly that affects which bone? a) hip b) vertebrae c) femur d) skull

b) vertebrae *Spina bifida is a congenital anomaly that occurs when a vertebra fails to fully form around the spinal cord.

lord/o

bent backwards

orthopedics

branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal system; physician is an orthopedist

The clavicle is commonly referred to as the: a) shoulder blade b) wrist c) collar bone d) breast bone

c) collar bone *Scapula is shoulder blade, sternum is breast bone, and the bones of wrist are called carpals.

Skeletal muscles may be named for all the following EXCEPT: a) size b) location c) depth d) action

c) depth *Skeletal muscles are named for their location, size, action, origin and insertion, fiber direction, or number of attachment points, but not their depth.

Synovial joints are enclosed by an elastic: a) synovial membrane b) ligament c) joint capsule d) cartilage

c) joint capsule *The synovial joints are enclosed in a joint capsule, the joint capsule is lined with a synovial membrane, ligaments hold bones together in a joint, and cartilage is a flexible tissue.

Which of the following terms is misspelled? a) thoracic b) maxillary c) metacarpel d) coccygeal

c) metacarpel *Correct spelling is metacarpal.

Braces or splints used to prevent or correct deformities are called: a) prosthetics b) orthopedics c) orthotics d) podiatrics

c) orthotics

Which of the following types of muscle is also called visceral muscle? a) cardiac b) voluntary c) smooth d) skeletal

c) smooth *Smooth muscle is sometimes called visceral because it's found in the internal organs. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart, skeletal muscle is attached to bone, and voluntary muscles are under conscious control, where visceral muscle movement is involuntary.

carp/o

carpus

chondr/o

cartilage

clavicul/o

clavicle

coccyg/o

coccyx

The end of a long bone is covered by: a) periosteum b) spongy bone c) red bone marrow d) articular cartilage

d) articular cartilage *The ends of a long bone are covered by articular cartilage, inside of the bone is spongy bone, periosteum is the outer covering of bone, and red bone marrow is found in spongy bone.

Which of the following terms means an increase in muscle bulk? a) atrophy b) myopathy c) hyperkinesia d) hypertrophy

d) hypertrophy *Hyper- means excessive and -trophy means development. Atrophy means muscle wasting, hyperkinesia means excessive movement, and myopathy is a general term for muscle disease.

Which of the following diagnostic procedures is useful in identifying a herniated nucleus pulposus? a) bone scan b) arthography c) dual-energy absorpiometry d) myelography

d) myelography *Myelography is the study of the spinal column after injecting opaque contrast material and is particularly useful in identifying a herniated nucleus pulposus disk pinching a spinal nerve.

Which of the following bones is the shoulder blade? a) carpus b) clavicle c) fibula d) scapula

d) scapula

Intermittent claudication is: a) severe neck spasms b) a type of muscular dystrophy c) wasting muscles d) severe leg pain when walking very short distances

d) severe leg pain when walking very short distances

femor/o

femur

fubul/o

fibula

humer/o

humerus

kyph/o

hump

ili/o

ilium

ischi/o

ischium

arthr/o

joint

articul/o

joint

lamin/o

lamina, part of vertbera

scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine

lumb/o

loin, lower back

mandibulo/o

mandible

callus

mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture sites during healing

cervic/o

neck

crepitation

noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together

cortic/o

outer layer

cost/o

rib

burs/o

sac

crani/o

skull

ankyl/o

stiff joint