MEDA 146 -Chapter 9 Blood Lymphatic and Immune Systems

ESR:

"erythrocyte sedimentation rate", a blood test that detects and monitors inflammation in the body. It measures the rate at which red blood cells (RBCs) in a test tube separate from blood serum over time, becoming sediment in the bottom of the test tube.

poikil/o

"irregular"

Cell that consumes foreign substances

**Phagocyte

agglutin/o

= clumping or gluing

aden/o

=gland

Initiates inflammation

??

What is a lymph node

A lymph node is a depository for cellular debris that phagocytizes bacteria and other harmful material. Lymph nodes are major sites of B and T lymphocytes, and other white blood cells. Lymph nodes are important for the proper functioning of the immune system, acting as filters for foreign particles and cancer cells. Lymph nodes do not have a detoxification function, which is primarily dealt with by the liver and kidneys.

What is Hemophilia?

A medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury. The condition is typically caused by a hereditary lack of a coagulation factor, most often factor VIII.

______________________ is an acquired abnormal immune response

Allergy

_______________________ stimulates formation of antibodies

Antigen

EBV

Epstein-Barr virus The Epstein-Barr virus, also called human herpesvirus 4, is one of eight known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans. It is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis.

________________________________ classified as either granulocytes or agranulocytes

Leukocytes

________________________ is white cells (the leukocyte count) above the normal range in the blood. It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, most commonly the result of infection, but may also occur following certain parasitic infections or bone tumors as well as leukemia.

Leukocytosis =Abnormal increase of white blood cells

Disease of lymph gland (node)

Lymphadenopathy

__________________________________________________ is disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size, number, or consistency. Lymphadenopathy of an inflammatory type (the most common type) is lymphadenitis, producing swollen or enlarged lymph nodes.

Lymphadenopathy or adenopathy

lymphadenopathy

Lymphadenopathy or adenopathy is disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size, number, or consistency. Lymphadenopathy of an inflammatory type (the most common type) is lymphadenitis, producing swollen or enlarged lymph nodes.

_______________________ refers to swelling that generally occurs in one of your arms or legs. Sometimes both arms or both legs swell. Lymphedema is most commonly caused by the removal of or damage to your lymph nodes as a part of cancer treatment.

Lymphedema

B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells

Lymphocytes

_____________________________ is an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood. In adults, lymphocytosis is present when the lymphocyte count is greater than 4000 per microliter (4.0 x 10(9)/L), in older children greater than 7000 per microliter and in infants greater than 9000 per microliter.

Lymphocytosis

Resembling a gland =

Lymphoid

thymopathy

Part of the normal function of the thymus is to help keep the immune system in check, which may help explain why this happens. Myasthenia gravis: About 30% to 65% of people with thymomas also have myasthenia gravis (MG). -- This is by far the most common autoimmune disease associated with thymomas.

________________________ is liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended

Plasma

1. Using at least four medical terms from the chapter in at least three sentences, describe the liquid and solid components of blood.'

The solid components of blood include: 1. Red blood cells (erythrocytes or RBCs): The main function of the RBCs is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Healthy people have more RBCs than WBCs in their body. 2. White blood cells (leukocytes, or WBCs): The main functions of the WBCs are -- to protect the body against invasion of foreign substances and pathogens, remove debris from the injured tissue and aid in the healing process. They have the ability to destroy and ingest bacteria and foreign particles (phagocytosis) make them extra special. 3. Platelets (thrombocytes): They are the smallest formed element of blood. The functions of the platelets are to initiate blood clotting and prevent excessive bleeding -- the process is called "hemostasis". The liquid portion of the blood include: 1. Plasma: it is where blood cells are suspended. It's made of 92% water and contains plasma proteins, clotting factors, gases, nutrients, salt and hormones.

Drug that dissolves blood clots

Thrombolytic

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the pharynx

Tonsils

hemoglobin

a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. Its molecule comprises four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group.

hemoglobin is

a substance in red blood cells which carries oxygen to your body's tissues. iron-containing compound that gives erythrocytes their red color

AIDS is

an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, infectious disease caused by HIV

___________________ destroy bacteria, fungi, or protozoa

antimicrobials

ANA is:

antinuclear antibody; a test to identify autoantibodies

Functions of "cytotoxic T cells"

attacks and destroys a specific weakness of the cell

myel/o

bone marrow; spinal cord

Chemical substance that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in other cells

cytokines.

blast/o

embryonic cell

The functions of the lymph nodes

filter and remove unwanted or infectious products

Study of blood cells, blood-clotting mechanisms, bone marrow and lymph nodes

hematology

Hereditary blood-clotting disorder

hemophilia

HIV is

human immunodeficiency virus that slowly destroys the immune system

Type of immunity associated with B cells; protects against extracellular antigens

humoral

blood protein

immunoglobulin

sider/o

iron

Multiple myeloma

is a cancer formed by malignant plasma cells. Normal plasma cells are found in the bone marrow and are an important part of the immune system. The immune system is made up of several types of cells that work together to fight infections and other diseases.

lymphaden/o

lymph node / gland

lymphangi/o

lymph vessel

"phagocyte" is

medical term - cell that eats other cells

Pertaining to one nucleus

mononuclear = consist of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells) and monocytes, whereas erythrocytes and platelets have no nuclei, and granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) have multi-lobed nuclei.

____________________is a study of form,shape,structure/study of : study of form,shape and structure.

morphology

The most numerous type of leukocyte

neutrophils

Leukimia

oncological disorder characterized by a proliferation of white blood cells

PTT is

partial thromboplastin time; measures how long it takes for blood to clot

Exacerbations is

periods of flare-up, common in autoimmune diseases

what do anticoagulants do?

prevent blood clots by inhibiting the synthesis of or inactivating one or more clotting factors

-globin

protein

Erythrocytes

red blood cells

ser/o

serum

Kaposi sarcoma

soft tissue malignancy, commonly associated with AIDS

splen/o

spleen

phag/o

swallowing, eating

SLE stands for

systemic lupus erythematosus

Disease of the thymus gland

thymomas

What is Hemarthrosis (or haemarthrosis)?

Hemarthrosis is a bleeding into joint spaces. It is a common feature of Hemophilia.

Control or arrest of bleeding

Hemostasis

Platelets

Smallest formed elements found in blood

Mononucleosis

The "kissing disease". The Mono virus that causes mono is transmitted through saliva, so you can get it through kissing, but you can also be exposed through a cough or sneeze, or by sharing a glass or food utensils with someone who has mono.

monospot is:

The mononuclear spot test or monospot test, a form of the heterophile antibody test, is a rapid test for infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A nonspecific rapid serologic test for the presence of the heterophile antibody.