Medical law smartbooks 1 through

When trying to decide whether an action is ethical, asking yourself questions like, "Would you want your family members to know?" is an example of

critical thinking.

What is a code of ethics?

A list of principles intended to govern behavior

Which of the following examples do not support role fidelity?

A nursing assistant administering an intravenous drug to a patient A medical assistant diagnosing a patient's condition

Who is the most well-known ethicist to write about virtue ethics?

Alasdair MacIntyre

Where would a health care professional find ways to deal with ethical situations in their profession?

An ethics guideline book

What is the capacity to be one's own person and make decisions without being manipulated by external forces called?

Autonomy

A medical practitioner can risk the loss of income or practice as a result of which behavior?

Being unethical

What are acts performed by a health care practitioner to help people stay healthy or recover from an illness?

Beneficence

are concerned with the concept of right and wrong.

Blank 1: Ethics

A discipline dealing with the ethical implications of biological research methods and results is called

Blank 1: bioethics

The simplest definition of is the practice of good manners.

Blank 1: courtesy or etiquette

A is defined as a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority.

Blank 1: law

Substituting the medical provider's opinion of what is best for the patient is called

Blank 1: paternalism

An individual tends to move from needs-based motivation to a system that develops from childhood.

Blank 1: personal Blank 2: value

The traits and capabilities that allow you to get along well with others and to relate well to patients or clients in a health care setting are known as people

Blank 1: skills

A is the legal term for a decision made by a court in a lawsuit in response to a motion that pleads there is no basis for a trial because there is no genuine issue of material fact.

Blank 1: summary Blank 2: judgment or judgement

Feeling sorry for another person's plight—typically a less deeply felt emotion than compassion is called

Blank 1: sympathy

What might a health care professional do at the end of the critical thinking process?

Choose and implement the best alternative

Which of the following governs the behavior of an organization's members and increases their level of competence?

Code of ethics

Which value theory states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on its intrinsic nature and not the outcome?

Duty-oriented

What concept did Percival's Medical Ethics cover that earlier medical codes did NOT address?

Experimental medicine

One of the earliest medical codes of ethics, written by the Babylonians, was referred to as the code of

Hammurabi.

Based on social condition, what is striving for the highest possible standard of health for all with special attention to the needs of those at greatest risk called?

Health equity

Which of these attributes do not support someone who has people skills?

Insensitivity when dealing with others

Which of the following statements are true regarding summary judgment?

It states that one party is entitled to win as a matter of law. It is only available in a civil action.

How did Kohlberg's and Piaget's theories differ?

Kohlberg thought moral judgment development took longer than Piaget thought.

What term means values that are formed through the influence of the family, culture, and society?

Morals

Which one of the seven principles of health care ethics does the Hippocratic oath support?

Nonmaleficence

What were past virtues for nurses?

Nurses should not question authority Nurses follow physicians orders

Today's health care recipients are often described as consumers. What does this mean in the context of health care?

Patients expect favorable outcomes from treatment. Patients will question fees and treatment modes. Patients want to know more about their medical options.

Which of Piaget's stages of development occurs when children see the world from their own perspective?

Preoperational or egocentric stage

What do ethics guideline publications offer for dealing with situations in an ethical manner?

Principles for dealing with situations in an ethical manner.

What is the first duty of health care practitioners as defined by beneficence?

Promote health for the patient above all other considerations.

Which area of knowledge of law and ethics describes patients seeing themselves partnering with their health care practitioners in the healing process?

The rights, responsibilities, and concerns of health care consumers

What is a categorical imperative based upon?

A determined principle

What are some characteristics of a law?

Enforced by a controlling authority Formally recognized as binding

Who are in the most likely position to violate confidentiality rules?

Health care practitioners

The Greek physician known as the father of medicine was

Hippocrates.

What does autonomy relate to?

How much discretion a person has

Value development theories—like those of Maslow and Piaget—do not account for which of the following circumstances?

How two moral people can reach different solutions to the same problem? How to determine a common framework for examining our value decisions?

Who was the founder of duty-oriented theory?

Immanuel Kant

Which of the following terms means prone to engage in lawsuits?

Litigious

Ultimately, unethical behavior by a medical practitioner can result in which of the following?

Loss of practice Loss of income

Licensed health care professionals convicted of violating which types of laws may lose their license to continue practicing medicine?

Medical practice Criminal Civil

What was Kohlberg's first major level of moral development called?

Pre-conventional morality

What do universal principles include?

Social justice Equal rights Respect for others

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for esteem comes after which step?

The need to belong and to be loved

A paternalistic view of patient care threatens a patient's

autonomy

Values can be

based on past experiences based on religious beliefs subjective

Which of Piaget's developmental stages is called the formal operational stage, where children develop abstract thought and start to understand that there are different degrees of wrongdoing?

4th

When you choose and implement the best alternative when critically thinking, which step are you choosing?

5

Kohlberg believed that moral reasoning has three major levels and how many stages?

6

What type of utilitarianism is based on results that will produce the greatest balance of good over evil?

Act-utilitarianism

Choose the principle that means that there are no exceptions from the rule.

Categorical imperative

Which of the following are often cited as the most vital to the professional success of health care practitioners?

Courtesy

What types of laws or other legislation affect health care practitioners?

Criminal statutes State practice acts Civil statutes

Which of the following are ways that patient confidentiality can be breached?

Discussing a patient with an acquaintance Talking about a patient in the hallway

Why is Percival's Medical Ethics important?

Earlier codes did not address concerns about experimental medicine. It became the definitive guide for a physician's professional conduct. It superseded earlier codes, like the Hippocratic oath.

If someone has compassion, they also have what attribute?

Empathy

What are referred to as standards of behavior developed as a result of one's concept of right and wrong?

Ethics

We live in a society where anyone receiving health care may be inclined to sue. Based on this, who may be at risk of being involved in a health care-related lawsuit?

Every person responsible for health care delivery

An important issue in deciding drug injury cases is whether or not the drug manufacturer made what types of statements to win FDA approval?

False Misleading

In Kohlberg's moral development theory, which stage of post-conventional morality focuses on the social contract and individual rights?

First stage

What must health care practitioners acquire a working knowledge of and a tolerance for?

Human nature Individual characteristics

What are the characteristics of Pre-conventional morality?

Is when children start to accept authority Is when children recognize more than one point of view on right and wrong

Why does virtue ethics look to what has been done in the past?

It assumes that it represents the right answer.

The Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates the privacy and confidentiality of what type of health information?

Medical records Computerized medical information

Today, virtues for nurses focus on which of the following?

Patient education Advocacy

An example of a medical provider not always telling the truth is when a doctor uses what type of intervention?

Placebo

The principle of utility requires that the rule used to make the decision be a rule that brings about what type of results?

Positive

The principle of utility is part of which theory?

Teleological

What is the common argument regarding health care entitlement that people would agree to?

The distribution of scarce resources and the expense of providing them do not allow us to provide all care for all patients.

Which of the following are areas that will help you gain perspective when studying law and ethics?

The impact of rising cost on the laws and ethics of health care delivery. The rights, responsibilities, and concerns of health care consumers. The legal and ethical issues facing society, patients, and health care practitioners as the world changes.

Which of the following is NOT a basic right of today's health care consumers?

The right to always have favorable treatment outcomes

Of the four choices below, which are the two most important reasons for studying law and ethics?

To provide competent care To avoid legal entanglements

What is a consequence-oriented theory that states decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people?

Utilitarianism

What is another term for telling the truth in health care?

Veracity

If a health care practitioner is unable to solve an ethical issue, they can contact

a medical ethicist. the institutional ethics committee.

A reason to learn about law and ethics is to help the health care practitioner

avoid legal entanglements

Under nonmaleficence and the principle of double effect, the Blank______ of any treatment must always outweigh the Blank______.

benefit; harm

Another term for sound practical judgment is

common sense.

If you can see which solution or action makes good sense in a given situation, you are said to have

common sense.

Keeping medical information strictly private is called

confidentiality.

Patients have the right to respect and

courtesy

When the courts find that drugs are misrepresented in order to win FDA approval, drug manufacturers could be forced to pay

damages.

A health difference that is closely linked with economic, environmental, or social disadvantage is called a(n)

disparity

If an individual is provided his or her due, it is called

justice

Health care professionals can resolve the majority of ethical issues by using their own intuitive sense of

moral values ethics

Examples of professions that require a state license include

physical therapist. registered nurse. physician.

Being faithful to the scope of the services for which you are licensed, certified, or registered is called

role fidelity

Proficiency in computer literacy, English, science, and mathematics is an example of

technical skills

The abilities acquired during the course of study of science and mathematics are also known as

technical skills.

What is it called when a person makes a decision based on results that will produce the greatest balance of good over evil and that considers everyone?

Act-utilitarianismWhat was Kohlberg's first major level of moral development called?

The value system we develop as we grow and mature is dependent on what type of framework?

Culture

What is duty-oriented theory often called?

Deontological theory

In what area of science does bioethics especially focus?

Medicine

Autonomy is defined as

The capacity to be one's own person and make one's own decisions without being manipulated by external forces

Ethics are concerned with which of the following?

The concept of right and wrong Standards of behavior

Which of the following question(s) can help determine whether an act is ethical?

Would the health care practitioner want their family members to know? How will the health care practitioner feel if their act is publicized? Has the health care practitioner followed relevant laws?