Medical Review: Part 2 Questions

Which of the following can be used to treat hypokalemia? Select all that apply.

- Orange juice - Bananas - Potassium supplements

Which class of antiemetics was developed for chemotherapy-induced nausea but is now wide used?

5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

Which treatment for emesis blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in the GI tract and the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

Which type of seizure most commonly occurs in children?

Absence Seizure

How is tuberculosis spread?

Air droplets

Which oral medication class used to treat diabetes should be taken with food?

Biguanide

Which population of patients are respiratory distress syndrome treatment medications typically used for?

Premature Infant Patients

_________________________________ is a form of depression that occurs during the winter when there is less sunlight and is more prevalent in areas with shorter winter days.

Seasonal Affective Disorder

____________________ are used to treat acute migraine headaches.

Selective serotonin agonists

SNRI medications block the reuptake of which neurotransmitters?

Serotonin and norepinephrine

Which class of medication is used as rescue medications?

Short-Acting Beta Agonists (SABA)

___________________________ is an inherited disorder characterized by malformed blood cells.

Sickle Cell Disease

Which medication should be taken on an empty stomach?

Thyroid medications

True or False: A common use of corticosteroids is to treat inflammation

True

An antibiotic and ________________________________ are typically used to treat otitis externa

anti-inflammatory

Acetaminophen is the non-salicylate analgesic that treats ___________________

pain and fever

Which of the following can be a cause of inflammation?

- injury - infection - allergy

GERD and diverticulitis are diseases of which body system?

Gastrointestinal

Which type of insulin has an onset action of one hour and no peak action?

Long-Acting insulin

Which class of medication is used to prevent an allergic reaction that can cause an asthma attack?

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit monoamine oxidase, the enzyme that metabolizes serotonin and norepinephrine Common Side Effects: orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache, insomnia, restlessness, CNS stimulation, muscle spams, tremor, myoclonic jerks, anxiety, agitation Example: Isocarboxazid (Marplan), Phenelzine (Nardil), Selegiline Transdermal (Emsam), Tanylcypromine (Parnate)

True or False: The most common form of treatment for leukemia is chemotherapy

True

Subcutaneous (SC) Route

- 45 degree angle - Injection site for children and adults: fatty tissue over the triceps muscle - Injection side for infants and toddlers: fatty tissue of the anterolateral thigh muscle

Intramuscular (IM) Route

- 90 degree angle - Injection site for children and adults: deltoid region of the arm about 2 inches below the acromion process - Injections site for infants and toddlers: anterolateral thigh muscle

Which of the following is the main type of lung disease or disorder? Select all that apply:

- Airway disease - Lung Tissue Disease - Pulmonary Circulation Disease

Identify opioid medications that are used in anesthesia. Select all that apply.

- Alfentanil - Remifentanil

Which medications are administered as a migraine preventative? Select all that apply.

- Atogepant - Eptinezumab

Two types of medication that anticoagulants that require no regular blood testing:

- Direct thrombin inhibitors - factor Xa inhibitors

What are the functions of the gastrointestinal system? select all that apply

- Ingestion of food and nutrients - Breakdown of food for absorption of individual nutrients - Disposal of waste

Which are the organs of the renal system? Select all that apply

- Ureters - Bladder - Urethra

Which minerals should be avoided when taking thyroid medications? Select all that apply

- calcium - zinc - magnesium - iron

How can the loss of bone density be reduced? Select all that apply

- calcium supplements - regular exercise - a diet rich in calcium

Which of the following is an example of a bacterial infection on the skin?

- impetigo - cellulitis - folliculitis

Which of the following substances has the potential for addictions?

- opiates - alcohol - nicotine

After using an inhaled corticosteroid, a patient should do which of the following? Select all that apply:

- rinse mouth - drink water

In addition to lymph nodes, which of the following organs is part of the lymphatic system?

- spleen - thymus - bone marrow

Identify common side effects of birth control medications. Select all that apply:

- spotting during cycle - headache - vomiting - thromboembolism - nausea - breast tenderness

How many types of tuberculous are there?

2 types Active TB and Latent TB

If the dose for eye drops is for more than one drop in an eye, how long should the patient wait before instilling the next drop?

3-5 minutes

What is the most common leukemia found in young children?

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

Which osteoporosis medication may cause damage to the esophagus if refluxed? Select all that apply

Alendronate and Ibandronate

Medications that treat dry eyes have which of the following mechanisms of action?

All of the above - target the immune response causing dry eyes - increase tear production - lubricate eye surface

Insulin can be used for the treatment of ______________

All types of diabetes

Decongestants, antihistamines, and mast cell stabilizers are useful for which type of eye condition?

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Which class of antihypertensives stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptors in the brain stem reducing heart rate and blood pressure?

Alpha Agonists

Which class of antihypertensives inhibits norepinephrine action at the alpha receptors in the blood vessels, preventing vasoconstriction?

Alpha Blockers

Which medication is used as a non-oral treatment for erectile dysfunction?

Alprostadil Intracavernous

Which medication is used as non-oral treatment for erectile dysfunction?

Alprostadil Intracavernous

Dependence

Altered state where continued administration of the medication is necessary to prevent physical and psychological withdrawal systems

_______________________ is a decrease in hemoglobin or a decrease in the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen.

Anemia

__________________________ can cause an annoying cough.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Which class of antihypertensives should a patient's serum potassium levels be monitored? Select all that apply:

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB)

Which class of antihypertensives should patients who have diabetes be cautious when taking? Select all that apply:

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and Beta Blockers

Which class of medication is used to restore and maintain normal heart rhythms?

Antiarrhythmics

Otitis media is a common infection of the ear that can be treated with _________________________________

Antibacterial Medicine

How is tuberculosis treated?

Antibacterial medication for three to nine months

Otitis media is common infection of the ear that can be treated with _______________________

Antibacterial medicine

Which of the following can be used to treat motion sickness?

Antihistamines

Aspirin, which available OTC, is what type of anticoagulant?

Antiplatelet

Which of the following statements about cough, cold, and allergy medications is true?

Antitussives help reduce cough

which of the following is an abnormal heart rhythm that can reduce the heart's ability to adequately pump blood?

Arrhythmia

Which medication is used to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

Asparaginase Enzymes

What is the most common class of medications used to treat psychosis?

Atypical Antipsychotics

What is the most common class of medications used to treat psychosis?

Atypical antipsychotics

Which class of antihypertensives should be used cautiously in patients with lung disease, such as asthma?

Beta Blockers

_______________ are used to treat type II diabetes and work by reducing the production of glucose in the liver.

Biguanides

Which treatment for ulcerative colitis targets proteins made by the immune system?

Biologic Response Modifiers

Monophasic pills deliver the same strength of estrogen progestin in each pack, while ___________ pills deliver two different strengths of estrogen and progestin in each pack

Biphasic

Which class of medications used to treat osteoporosis can cause esophageal damage if not used properly?

Bisphosphonates

Recommendations for scheduling vaccines can be found on the _____________ website

CDC

Which class of antihypertensives should NOT be taken with grapefruit juice?

Calcium Channel Blockers

Which of the following is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it thicker and rigid, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood?

Cardiomyopathy

Which of the following is birth defects that affect the normal functioning of the heart?

Congenital heart disease

Which of the following develops when the major blood vessels that supply the heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients become damaged or diseased?

Coronary Artery Disease

________________________________________ are available to treat eye inflammation

Corticosteroid ophthalmic medications

Which disease causes the adrenal gland to produce excessive hormone?

Cushing's disease

Arthritis can be an autoimmune disease. If so, which type of medication may patients need?

DMARD

If a patient is taking warfarin, an anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K in the clotting process, what type of foods should they avoid?

Dark green, leafy vegetables

______________________ are used to reduce nasal congestion due to a cold or allergies

Decongestants

Gestational Diabetes

Develops during pregnancy and goes away when the baby is born, but there is a risk of diabetes later in life.

Which anticonvulsant medication is specifically used to treat Dravet Syndrome?

Diacomit

Which of the following is used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Disease- Modifying Medication

_______________________________________________________ address the autoimmune component of conditions and disease like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. They are also used to treat some cancers.

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

Which treatment for GERD blocks dopamine receptors producing antiemetic effect?

Dopamine Antagonists

What is a common side effect of skeletal muscle relaxants that patients must be made aware.

Drowsiness

Which muscle relaxant side effect is considered significant and requires patient consultation?

Drowsiness

Some diuretics may also be used to treat __________________, a buildup of fluids in body tissues.

Edema

Which gastrointestinal disease is vomiting that can be preceded by nausea or other indications, such as an increase in salivation?

Emesis

Which of the following is inflammation of the inside lining of the heart, usually caused by a bacterial, or sometimes fungal, infection?

Endocarditis

Lifestyle choices, like heredity and increasing age, can contribute to heart disease.

False

True or False: A cold is the same as the flu

False

True or False: Addiction is the need for larger doses or an increase in the number of doses to achieve the desired response

False

True or False: Addiction is the need for larger doses or an increase in the number of doses to achieve the desired response.

False

True or False: All narcotic analgesics are Schedule II.

False

True or False: Any anticonvulsant medication can treat any kind of seizure

False

True or False: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a type of cancer that causes increased urination

False

True or False: Ear drops can be used in the eye

False

True or False: Medications used to treat breast cancer act by inhibiting the production or action of testosterone

False

True or False: Narcotics when used as antitussives are not controlled medications.

False

True or False: Oral contraceptives are the only available form of female contraception

False

True or False: Smoking deterrents that contain nicotine block nicotine receptors and prevent its effect.

False

True or False: There is one medication class that can treat the respiratory symptoms of a cold or allergy.

False

True or False: Eye ointments are commonly prescribed to be applied in the morning

False - at bedtime

True or False: Alcohol is the single largest cause of preventable death and disease in the United States.

False - it is cigarette smoking

True or False: Treatment of worm parasites usually takes several weeks.

False - takes 10 days

Which treatment for emesis block cholinergic receptors producing an antiemetic effect?

First generation antihistamines

Common side effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include _____________, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

Flatulence

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of enlarged prostate?

Frequent bowel movements

Which type of medication provides a systemic form of anesthesia?

General anesthesia

__________________ is the common cause of hyperthyroidism

Grave's disease

Treatment for GERD requires than an antibacterial medication be taken in addition to which medication?

H. Pylori Treatment

Which of the following is used to treat ulcers?

H2 Blockers

Which protein may promote the growth of cancer cells in women?

HER2

_______________________ are called statins

HMG-CoA

Which class of antihyperlipidemic are referred to as the statins?

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Which disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States?

Hashimoto's disease

_________________________ are used to treat intermittent claudication

Hemorheologic agents

Which anticoagulant can only be administered by IV or subcutaneous injection, can be used in pregnancy, and has a antidote for it?

Heparin

Which of the following vaccines does the CDC recommend on the immunization schedule for children and adults in the United States?

Hepatitis B

Which term best defines a low testosterone level?

Hypogonadism

DMARD, TNF inhibitors, and biologic response modifiers act to decrease the ______________ response of the immune system.

Inflammatory

Which birth control method is inserted by a physician into the uterus?

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

What is the most common form of anemia?

Iron Deficiency Anemia

The ___________ are the primary organ of the renal system.

Kidneys

Which organ eliminates excess fluid and waste by filtration

Kidneys

The OTC product Alli causes which unpleasant side effect>

Leaky stools

_______________________ is a cancer of hematologic system. It occurs when there is a mutation in the DNA of blood cells, causing an overabundance of blood cells. Abnormal cells can hinder the functioning of healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Leukemia

Which generic medication is most commonly used to treat hypothyroidism

Levothyroxine

Which of the following medication is used to treat hypothyroidism?

Levothyroxine

Oral antifungal medication require regular blood tests because they can affect which organ?

Liver

Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Antidepressants

Mechanism of Action: inhibit norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake Common Side Effects: anticholinergic, drowsiness Example: Desipramine (Norpramin), Imipramine (Tofranil), Mirtazapine (Remeron, Remeron SolTab), Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Mechanism of Action: inhibit the reuptake of serotonin Common Side Effects: insomnia, nausea, headache, weakness, diarrhea, anorexia Example: Citalopram (Celexa), Escitalopram (Lexapro), Fluoxetine (Prozac; Prozac Weekly), Olanzapine/ Flouxetine (Symbyax), Paroxetine (Paxil: Paxil CR), Sertraline (Zoloft)

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

Mechanism of Action: inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine Common Side Effects: nausea, headache, dry mouth, weight loss, somnolence, fatigue Examples: Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), Duloxetine (Cymbalta), Levomilnacipran (Fetzima), Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)

Hormones affect all of the body functions except ___________

Memory

A patient with two more more migraines per ________ should consider preventative therapy.

Month

Which of the following is when blood flow to the heart is blocked, which prevents adequate delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle, causing damage or destruction?

Myocardial Infarction

Which medication is used as an antidote for opioid overdose?

Naloxone

Tolerance

Need for larger doses or an increase in the number of doses to achieve the desired response

Phosphodiesterase- Type 5 inhibitors are contraindicated with which type of medication?

Nitrates

Phosphodiesterase-type 5 inhibitors are contraindicated with which type of medication?

Nitrates

Which medication used to treat urinary tract infections (UTI) needs to be taken with food for proper absorption?

Nitrofurantoin

What does the acronym, NSAID, stand for?

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Which condition is treated with an oral antifungal that requires liver function tests to be performed before and during treatment?

Onychomycosis

_______________________ is an infection of the toenails or fingernails. A topical antifungal medication may not work if the infection is well embedded in the nail.

Onychomycosis

Addiction

Pattern of compulsive use characterized by excessive medication use and abuse

Which gastrointestinal disease involves sores in the lining of the stomach or in the duodenum?

Peptic ulcers

Menopause is when a woman ceases to have menstruations for 12 months; the time leading up to it is called ___________

Perimenopause

___________________________________ is a type of anxiety disorder that is characterized by flashbacks, avoidance (emotionally numb), and hyperarousal (easily startled, tense).

Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

_________________________________ is a form of depression that can occur up to one year after childbirth

Postpartum Depression

Diuretics can cause too much of a loss and the need for the replacement of the electrolyte _____________

Potassium

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Produce insulin

What are cytokines?

Proteins produced in immune cells (and other types of cells) that signal inflammation and activate the immune response

Which of the following is a treatment for GERD?

Proton Pump Inhibitors

_____________________ is a general lack of contact with reality

Psychosis

Medication combinations combine the action of more than one medication class, improving control and ____________ the number of doses a patient must take in a day.

Reducing

Which diabetic medication should be taken in the morning?

SGLT2 Inhibitors

The musculoskeletal system is responsible for movement of the body, maintaining posture, and _____________________

Stabilizing joints

Which type of seizure is considered life-threatening?

Status epilepticus

Which of the following are the most commonly prescribed type of laxative?

Stool softeners

A patient in the pharmacy suddenly becomes weak, starts to lose balance, and is having trouble seeing. The patient might be showing symptoms of a _________________.

Stroke

Acute Leukemia

The abnormal cells are immature and do not function properly. They also multiply rapidly and the disease progresses quickly. It requires aggressive treatment.

Which statement best describes the function of the respiratory system

The exchange of gasses and removal of a waste product

Type II Diabetes

The pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the body is resistant to the insulin produced

Chronic Leukemia

There are many types. Some types cause too few cells to be produced and other types too many. In chronic leukemia, there are more mature cells, and the accumulation of cells occurs more slowly.

Which class of diuretic is often the first choice and should not be used during pregnancy?

Thiazide

Lymphocytic Leukemia

This type affects lymphocytes that form the lymphatic tissue of the immune system.

Myelogenous Leukemia

This type affects the myeloid cells, the blood-forming cells in the bone marrow.

True or False: A patient who receives too much hypothyroidism medication may experience effects that mimic hyperthyroidism symptoms.

True

True or False: Benzodiazepines and antidepressants are used to treat anxiety disorders.

True

True or False: Diarrhea may resolve quickly

True

True or False: Ferrous sulfate is the most common iron supplement

True

True or False: Histamine is found in every tissue of the body

True

True or False: In some states, pharmacy technicians are approved to administer vaccines

True

True or False: Medications for respiratory conditions try to correct for lung dysfunction.

True

True or False: Medications that are used to treat wet age-related macular degeneration inhibit vascular growth

True

True or False: Medications that treat GERD are also used to treat ulcers.

True

True or False: Medications used to treat prostate cancer act by inhibiting the production or action of testosterone.

True

True or False: Mineral supplements can be over-the-counter or prescription strength.

True

True or False: Most medications used to treat diarrhea decrease peristalsis.

True

True or False: Narcotic analgesics are controlled substances whether taken alone or in combination.

True

True or False: Patients taking anticoagulant medication should use a soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid cuts and bleeding.

True

True or False: Urinary tract infections are more common in women.

True

True or False: When treating a sleep disorder, it is best to choose short- acting benzodiazepines to avoid daytime drowsiness

True

True or False: When treating sleep disorder, it is best to choose short-acting benzodiazepines to avoid daytime drowsiness.

True

____________________________ block a specific chemical in the immune system that is produced in acute inflammation. These medications are used for moderate to severe disease

Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors

Which of the following is a common cause of chronic kidney disease?

Uncontrolled hypertension

Gout is a disease caused by the overproduction or insufficient elimination of _______________ within the body.

Uric Acid

Gout is caused by the accumulation of _________________.

Uric Acid

If a patient is experiencing frequent, burning urination with cloudy urine, what should a pharmacy technician suspect the patient has?

Urinary tract infection

Tests must be done regularly when patients are taking ___________________________ The following tests measure the time it takes for a blood clot to form: - PTT (partial thromboplastin time) - PT (prothrombin time)

Warfarin and Heparin

Which two types of medication that are anticoagulants, require no regular blood testing. a). Direct Thrombin Inhibitors b). Hemorheologic Agents c). Fact Xa Inhibitors d). Erythropoiesis- Stimulation Agents

a and c

Medications used to treat glaucoma try to reduce intraocular pressure by reducing ____________________________

aqueous humor volume

What part of the lymphatic system filters out organisms and debris?

lymph nodes

Onychomycosis is treated with a(n) ___________________

oral antifungal

Type I Diabetes

pancreas does not produce insulin

Organ transplant patients need to take immunosuppressant medication for _____________________

the rest of their lives

The kidneys remove ______________ and _______________ from the body

waste, water