Medical Review: Part 2 Questions
Which of the following can be used to treat hypokalemia? Select all that apply.
- Orange juice - Bananas - Potassium supplements
Which class of antiemetics was developed for chemotherapy-induced nausea but is now wide used?
5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
Which treatment for emesis blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in the GI tract and the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
Which type of seizure most commonly occurs in children?
Absence Seizure
How is tuberculosis spread?
Air droplets
Which oral medication class used to treat diabetes should be taken with food?
Biguanide
Which population of patients are respiratory distress syndrome treatment medications typically used for?
Premature Infant Patients
_________________________________ is a form of depression that occurs during the winter when there is less sunlight and is more prevalent in areas with shorter winter days.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
____________________ are used to treat acute migraine headaches.
Selective serotonin agonists
SNRI medications block the reuptake of which neurotransmitters?
Serotonin and norepinephrine
Which class of medication is used as rescue medications?
Short-Acting Beta Agonists (SABA)
___________________________ is an inherited disorder characterized by malformed blood cells.
Sickle Cell Disease
Which medication should be taken on an empty stomach?
Thyroid medications
True or False: A common use of corticosteroids is to treat inflammation
True
An antibiotic and ________________________________ are typically used to treat otitis externa
anti-inflammatory
Acetaminophen is the non-salicylate analgesic that treats ___________________
pain and fever
Which of the following can be a cause of inflammation?
- injury - infection - allergy
GERD and diverticulitis are diseases of which body system?
Gastrointestinal
Which type of insulin has an onset action of one hour and no peak action?
Long-Acting insulin
Which class of medication is used to prevent an allergic reaction that can cause an asthma attack?
Mast Cell Stabilizers
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Mechanism of Action: Inhibit monoamine oxidase, the enzyme that metabolizes serotonin and norepinephrine Common Side Effects: orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache, insomnia, restlessness, CNS stimulation, muscle spams, tremor, myoclonic jerks, anxiety, agitation Example: Isocarboxazid (Marplan), Phenelzine (Nardil), Selegiline Transdermal (Emsam), Tanylcypromine (Parnate)
True or False: The most common form of treatment for leukemia is chemotherapy
True
Subcutaneous (SC) Route
- 45 degree angle - Injection site for children and adults: fatty tissue over the triceps muscle - Injection side for infants and toddlers: fatty tissue of the anterolateral thigh muscle
Intramuscular (IM) Route
- 90 degree angle - Injection site for children and adults: deltoid region of the arm about 2 inches below the acromion process - Injections site for infants and toddlers: anterolateral thigh muscle
Which of the following is the main type of lung disease or disorder? Select all that apply:
- Airway disease - Lung Tissue Disease - Pulmonary Circulation Disease
Identify opioid medications that are used in anesthesia. Select all that apply.
- Alfentanil - Remifentanil
Which medications are administered as a migraine preventative? Select all that apply.
- Atogepant - Eptinezumab
Two types of medication that anticoagulants that require no regular blood testing:
- Direct thrombin inhibitors - factor Xa inhibitors
What are the functions of the gastrointestinal system? select all that apply
- Ingestion of food and nutrients - Breakdown of food for absorption of individual nutrients - Disposal of waste
Which are the organs of the renal system? Select all that apply
- Ureters - Bladder - Urethra
Which minerals should be avoided when taking thyroid medications? Select all that apply
- calcium - zinc - magnesium - iron
How can the loss of bone density be reduced? Select all that apply
- calcium supplements - regular exercise - a diet rich in calcium
Which of the following is an example of a bacterial infection on the skin?
- impetigo - cellulitis - folliculitis
Which of the following substances has the potential for addictions?
- opiates - alcohol - nicotine
After using an inhaled corticosteroid, a patient should do which of the following? Select all that apply:
- rinse mouth - drink water
In addition to lymph nodes, which of the following organs is part of the lymphatic system?
- spleen - thymus - bone marrow
Identify common side effects of birth control medications. Select all that apply:
- spotting during cycle - headache - vomiting - thromboembolism - nausea - breast tenderness
How many types of tuberculous are there?
2 types Active TB and Latent TB
If the dose for eye drops is for more than one drop in an eye, how long should the patient wait before instilling the next drop?
3-5 minutes
What is the most common leukemia found in young children?
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Which osteoporosis medication may cause damage to the esophagus if refluxed? Select all that apply
Alendronate and Ibandronate
Medications that treat dry eyes have which of the following mechanisms of action?
All of the above - target the immune response causing dry eyes - increase tear production - lubricate eye surface
Insulin can be used for the treatment of ______________
All types of diabetes
Decongestants, antihistamines, and mast cell stabilizers are useful for which type of eye condition?
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Which class of antihypertensives stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptors in the brain stem reducing heart rate and blood pressure?
Alpha Agonists
Which class of antihypertensives inhibits norepinephrine action at the alpha receptors in the blood vessels, preventing vasoconstriction?
Alpha Blockers
Which medication is used as a non-oral treatment for erectile dysfunction?
Alprostadil Intracavernous
Which medication is used as non-oral treatment for erectile dysfunction?
Alprostadil Intracavernous
Dependence
Altered state where continued administration of the medication is necessary to prevent physical and psychological withdrawal systems
_______________________ is a decrease in hemoglobin or a decrease in the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen.
Anemia
__________________________ can cause an annoying cough.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Which class of antihypertensives should a patient's serum potassium levels be monitored? Select all that apply:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB)
Which class of antihypertensives should patients who have diabetes be cautious when taking? Select all that apply:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and Beta Blockers
Which class of medication is used to restore and maintain normal heart rhythms?
Antiarrhythmics
Otitis media is a common infection of the ear that can be treated with _________________________________
Antibacterial Medicine
How is tuberculosis treated?
Antibacterial medication for three to nine months
Otitis media is common infection of the ear that can be treated with _______________________
Antibacterial medicine
Which of the following can be used to treat motion sickness?
Antihistamines
Aspirin, which available OTC, is what type of anticoagulant?
Antiplatelet
Which of the following statements about cough, cold, and allergy medications is true?
Antitussives help reduce cough
which of the following is an abnormal heart rhythm that can reduce the heart's ability to adequately pump blood?
Arrhythmia
Which medication is used to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?
Asparaginase Enzymes
What is the most common class of medications used to treat psychosis?
Atypical Antipsychotics
What is the most common class of medications used to treat psychosis?
Atypical antipsychotics
Which class of antihypertensives should be used cautiously in patients with lung disease, such as asthma?
Beta Blockers
_______________ are used to treat type II diabetes and work by reducing the production of glucose in the liver.
Biguanides
Which treatment for ulcerative colitis targets proteins made by the immune system?
Biologic Response Modifiers
Monophasic pills deliver the same strength of estrogen progestin in each pack, while ___________ pills deliver two different strengths of estrogen and progestin in each pack
Biphasic
Which class of medications used to treat osteoporosis can cause esophageal damage if not used properly?
Bisphosphonates
Recommendations for scheduling vaccines can be found on the _____________ website
CDC
Which class of antihypertensives should NOT be taken with grapefruit juice?
Calcium Channel Blockers
Which of the following is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it thicker and rigid, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood?
Cardiomyopathy
Which of the following is birth defects that affect the normal functioning of the heart?
Congenital heart disease
Which of the following develops when the major blood vessels that supply the heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients become damaged or diseased?
Coronary Artery Disease
________________________________________ are available to treat eye inflammation
Corticosteroid ophthalmic medications
Which disease causes the adrenal gland to produce excessive hormone?
Cushing's disease
Arthritis can be an autoimmune disease. If so, which type of medication may patients need?
DMARD
If a patient is taking warfarin, an anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K in the clotting process, what type of foods should they avoid?
Dark green, leafy vegetables
______________________ are used to reduce nasal congestion due to a cold or allergies
Decongestants
Gestational Diabetes
Develops during pregnancy and goes away when the baby is born, but there is a risk of diabetes later in life.
Which anticonvulsant medication is specifically used to treat Dravet Syndrome?
Diacomit
Which of the following is used to treat multiple sclerosis?
Disease- Modifying Medication
_______________________________________________________ address the autoimmune component of conditions and disease like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. They are also used to treat some cancers.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
Which treatment for GERD blocks dopamine receptors producing antiemetic effect?
Dopamine Antagonists
What is a common side effect of skeletal muscle relaxants that patients must be made aware.
Drowsiness
Which muscle relaxant side effect is considered significant and requires patient consultation?
Drowsiness
Some diuretics may also be used to treat __________________, a buildup of fluids in body tissues.
Edema
Which gastrointestinal disease is vomiting that can be preceded by nausea or other indications, such as an increase in salivation?
Emesis
Which of the following is inflammation of the inside lining of the heart, usually caused by a bacterial, or sometimes fungal, infection?
Endocarditis
Lifestyle choices, like heredity and increasing age, can contribute to heart disease.
False
True or False: A cold is the same as the flu
False
True or False: Addiction is the need for larger doses or an increase in the number of doses to achieve the desired response
False
True or False: Addiction is the need for larger doses or an increase in the number of doses to achieve the desired response.
False
True or False: All narcotic analgesics are Schedule II.
False
True or False: Any anticonvulsant medication can treat any kind of seizure
False
True or False: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a type of cancer that causes increased urination
False
True or False: Ear drops can be used in the eye
False
True or False: Medications used to treat breast cancer act by inhibiting the production or action of testosterone
False
True or False: Narcotics when used as antitussives are not controlled medications.
False
True or False: Oral contraceptives are the only available form of female contraception
False
True or False: Smoking deterrents that contain nicotine block nicotine receptors and prevent its effect.
False
True or False: There is one medication class that can treat the respiratory symptoms of a cold or allergy.
False
True or False: Eye ointments are commonly prescribed to be applied in the morning
False - at bedtime
True or False: Alcohol is the single largest cause of preventable death and disease in the United States.
False - it is cigarette smoking
True or False: Treatment of worm parasites usually takes several weeks.
False - takes 10 days
Which treatment for emesis block cholinergic receptors producing an antiemetic effect?
First generation antihistamines
Common side effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include _____________, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
Flatulence
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of enlarged prostate?
Frequent bowel movements
Which type of medication provides a systemic form of anesthesia?
General anesthesia
__________________ is the common cause of hyperthyroidism
Grave's disease
Treatment for GERD requires than an antibacterial medication be taken in addition to which medication?
H. Pylori Treatment
Which of the following is used to treat ulcers?
H2 Blockers
Which protein may promote the growth of cancer cells in women?
HER2
_______________________ are called statins
HMG-CoA
Which class of antihyperlipidemic are referred to as the statins?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Which disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States?
Hashimoto's disease
_________________________ are used to treat intermittent claudication
Hemorheologic agents
Which anticoagulant can only be administered by IV or subcutaneous injection, can be used in pregnancy, and has a antidote for it?
Heparin
Which of the following vaccines does the CDC recommend on the immunization schedule for children and adults in the United States?
Hepatitis B
Which term best defines a low testosterone level?
Hypogonadism
DMARD, TNF inhibitors, and biologic response modifiers act to decrease the ______________ response of the immune system.
Inflammatory
Which birth control method is inserted by a physician into the uterus?
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
What is the most common form of anemia?
Iron Deficiency Anemia
The ___________ are the primary organ of the renal system.
Kidneys
Which organ eliminates excess fluid and waste by filtration
Kidneys
The OTC product Alli causes which unpleasant side effect>
Leaky stools
_______________________ is a cancer of hematologic system. It occurs when there is a mutation in the DNA of blood cells, causing an overabundance of blood cells. Abnormal cells can hinder the functioning of healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
Leukemia
Which generic medication is most commonly used to treat hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine
Which of the following medication is used to treat hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine
Oral antifungal medication require regular blood tests because they can affect which organ?
Liver
Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Antidepressants
Mechanism of Action: inhibit norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake Common Side Effects: anticholinergic, drowsiness Example: Desipramine (Norpramin), Imipramine (Tofranil), Mirtazapine (Remeron, Remeron SolTab), Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Mechanism of Action: inhibit the reuptake of serotonin Common Side Effects: insomnia, nausea, headache, weakness, diarrhea, anorexia Example: Citalopram (Celexa), Escitalopram (Lexapro), Fluoxetine (Prozac; Prozac Weekly), Olanzapine/ Flouxetine (Symbyax), Paroxetine (Paxil: Paxil CR), Sertraline (Zoloft)
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
Mechanism of Action: inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine Common Side Effects: nausea, headache, dry mouth, weight loss, somnolence, fatigue Examples: Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), Duloxetine (Cymbalta), Levomilnacipran (Fetzima), Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)
Hormones affect all of the body functions except ___________
Memory
A patient with two more more migraines per ________ should consider preventative therapy.
Month
Which of the following is when blood flow to the heart is blocked, which prevents adequate delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle, causing damage or destruction?
Myocardial Infarction
Which medication is used as an antidote for opioid overdose?
Naloxone
Tolerance
Need for larger doses or an increase in the number of doses to achieve the desired response
Phosphodiesterase- Type 5 inhibitors are contraindicated with which type of medication?
Nitrates
Phosphodiesterase-type 5 inhibitors are contraindicated with which type of medication?
Nitrates
Which medication used to treat urinary tract infections (UTI) needs to be taken with food for proper absorption?
Nitrofurantoin
What does the acronym, NSAID, stand for?
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Which condition is treated with an oral antifungal that requires liver function tests to be performed before and during treatment?
Onychomycosis
_______________________ is an infection of the toenails or fingernails. A topical antifungal medication may not work if the infection is well embedded in the nail.
Onychomycosis
Addiction
Pattern of compulsive use characterized by excessive medication use and abuse
Which gastrointestinal disease involves sores in the lining of the stomach or in the duodenum?
Peptic ulcers
Menopause is when a woman ceases to have menstruations for 12 months; the time leading up to it is called ___________
Perimenopause
___________________________________ is a type of anxiety disorder that is characterized by flashbacks, avoidance (emotionally numb), and hyperarousal (easily startled, tense).
Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
_________________________________ is a form of depression that can occur up to one year after childbirth
Postpartum Depression
Diuretics can cause too much of a loss and the need for the replacement of the electrolyte _____________
Potassium
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
Produce insulin
What are cytokines?
Proteins produced in immune cells (and other types of cells) that signal inflammation and activate the immune response
Which of the following is a treatment for GERD?
Proton Pump Inhibitors
_____________________ is a general lack of contact with reality
Psychosis
Medication combinations combine the action of more than one medication class, improving control and ____________ the number of doses a patient must take in a day.
Reducing
Which diabetic medication should be taken in the morning?
SGLT2 Inhibitors
The musculoskeletal system is responsible for movement of the body, maintaining posture, and _____________________
Stabilizing joints
Which type of seizure is considered life-threatening?
Status epilepticus
Which of the following are the most commonly prescribed type of laxative?
Stool softeners
A patient in the pharmacy suddenly becomes weak, starts to lose balance, and is having trouble seeing. The patient might be showing symptoms of a _________________.
Stroke
Acute Leukemia
The abnormal cells are immature and do not function properly. They also multiply rapidly and the disease progresses quickly. It requires aggressive treatment.
Which statement best describes the function of the respiratory system
The exchange of gasses and removal of a waste product
Type II Diabetes
The pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the body is resistant to the insulin produced
Chronic Leukemia
There are many types. Some types cause too few cells to be produced and other types too many. In chronic leukemia, there are more mature cells, and the accumulation of cells occurs more slowly.
Which class of diuretic is often the first choice and should not be used during pregnancy?
Thiazide
Lymphocytic Leukemia
This type affects lymphocytes that form the lymphatic tissue of the immune system.
Myelogenous Leukemia
This type affects the myeloid cells, the blood-forming cells in the bone marrow.
True or False: A patient who receives too much hypothyroidism medication may experience effects that mimic hyperthyroidism symptoms.
True
True or False: Benzodiazepines and antidepressants are used to treat anxiety disorders.
True
True or False: Diarrhea may resolve quickly
True
True or False: Ferrous sulfate is the most common iron supplement
True
True or False: Histamine is found in every tissue of the body
True
True or False: In some states, pharmacy technicians are approved to administer vaccines
True
True or False: Medications for respiratory conditions try to correct for lung dysfunction.
True
True or False: Medications that are used to treat wet age-related macular degeneration inhibit vascular growth
True
True or False: Medications that treat GERD are also used to treat ulcers.
True
True or False: Medications used to treat prostate cancer act by inhibiting the production or action of testosterone.
True
True or False: Mineral supplements can be over-the-counter or prescription strength.
True
True or False: Most medications used to treat diarrhea decrease peristalsis.
True
True or False: Narcotic analgesics are controlled substances whether taken alone or in combination.
True
True or False: Patients taking anticoagulant medication should use a soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid cuts and bleeding.
True
True or False: Urinary tract infections are more common in women.
True
True or False: When treating a sleep disorder, it is best to choose short- acting benzodiazepines to avoid daytime drowsiness
True
True or False: When treating sleep disorder, it is best to choose short-acting benzodiazepines to avoid daytime drowsiness.
True
____________________________ block a specific chemical in the immune system that is produced in acute inflammation. These medications are used for moderate to severe disease
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors
Which of the following is a common cause of chronic kidney disease?
Uncontrolled hypertension
Gout is a disease caused by the overproduction or insufficient elimination of _______________ within the body.
Uric Acid
Gout is caused by the accumulation of _________________.
Uric Acid
If a patient is experiencing frequent, burning urination with cloudy urine, what should a pharmacy technician suspect the patient has?
Urinary tract infection
Tests must be done regularly when patients are taking ___________________________ The following tests measure the time it takes for a blood clot to form: - PTT (partial thromboplastin time) - PT (prothrombin time)
Warfarin and Heparin
Which two types of medication that are anticoagulants, require no regular blood testing. a). Direct Thrombin Inhibitors b). Hemorheologic Agents c). Fact Xa Inhibitors d). Erythropoiesis- Stimulation Agents
a and c
Medications used to treat glaucoma try to reduce intraocular pressure by reducing ____________________________
aqueous humor volume
What part of the lymphatic system filters out organisms and debris?
lymph nodes
Onychomycosis is treated with a(n) ___________________
oral antifungal
Type I Diabetes
pancreas does not produce insulin
Organ transplant patients need to take immunosuppressant medication for _____________________
the rest of their lives
The kidneys remove ______________ and _______________ from the body
waste, water