Medical Surgical Nursing Final Review Practice Questions

Which of the following arterial blood gas results would be consistent with metabolic alkalosis? a) Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L b) pH 7.26 c) Serum bicarbonate of 21 mEq/L d) pH 7.30

A

A client is taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to control her hypertension. Her serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. For this client, the nurse's priority should be to assess her: a) bowel sounds. b) respiratory rate. c) electrocardiogram (ECG) results. d) neuromuscular function.

B

The calcium level of the blood is regulated by which mechanism? a) Androgens b) Thyroid hormone (TH) c) Adrenal gland d) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

D

A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) values of a client admitted with pneumonia: pH, 7.51; PaCO2, 28 mm Hg; PaO2, 70 mm Hg; and HCO3--, 24 mEq/L. What do these values indicate? a) Respiratory alkalosis b) Respiratory acidosis c) Metabolic acidosis d) Metabolic alkalosis

A

An elderly client takes 40 mg of Lasix twice a day. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most serious adverse effect of diuretic use? a) Hypokalemia b) Hypophosphatemia c) Hypernatremia d) Hyperkalemia

A

A client was admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. When it is time to complete discharge teaching, which of the following will the nurse teach the client and his family? Select all that apply. a) Respond to thirst b) Drink caffeinated beverages to retain fluid. c) Drink at least eight glasses of fluid each day. d) Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs. e) Drink carbonated beverages to help balance fluid volume.

A,C,D

A client with a suspected overdose of an unknown drug is admitted to the emergency department. Arterial blood gas values indicate respiratory acidosis. What should the nurse do first? a) Monitor the client's heart rhythm. b) Prepare to assist with ventilation. c) Obtain a urine specimen for drug screening. d) Prepare for gastric lavage.

B

To evaluate a client for hypoxia, the physician is most likely to order which laboratory test? a) Sputum culture b) Red blood cell count c) Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis d) Total hemoglobin

C

The nurse is analyzing the electrocardiographic (ECG) rhythm tracing of a patient experiencing hypercalcemia. Which of the following ECG changes is typically associated with this electrolyte imbalance? a) Peaked T waves b) Prolonged QT intervals c) Prolonged PR intervals d) Elevated ST segments

B

You are caring for a 72-year-old client who has been admitted to your unit for a fluid volume imbalance. You know which of the following is the most common fluid imbalance in older adults? a) Hypovolemia b) Dehydration c) Hypervolemia d) Fluid volume excess

B

A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic feeling thirsty with dry, sticky mucous membranes; decreased urine output; fever; a rough tongue; and is lethargic. Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/l. Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client? a) No, start with the sodium chloride IV. b) Yes, this will correct the sodium deficit. c) No, sodium intake should be restricted. d) Yes, along with the hypotonic solution.

C

A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2 days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance? a) Respiratory alkalosis b) Respiratory acidosis c) Metabolic alkalosis d) Metabolic acidosis

C

Before seeing a newly assigned client with respiratory alkalosis, a nurse quickly reviews the client's medical history. Which condition is a predisposing factor for respiratory alkalosis? a) Opioid overdose b) Type 1 diabetes mellitus c) Myasthenia gravis d) Extreme anxiety

C

The nurse is correct to state that a client's body needs to have adequate nutrition to maintain energy. Which type of transport of dissolved substances requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? a) Osmosis b) Passive diffusion c) Active transport d) Facilitated diffusion

C

The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes type I who is having severe vomiting and diarrhea. What condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration should the nurse assess for? a) Respiratory acidosis b) Metabolic alkalosis c) Respiratory alkalosis d) Metabolic acidosis

D