Medical terminology ch.1

prefix

-beginning, time, number and location

roots of words

-foundation of medical term

epi+gastr/o+ic

-prefix: epi-above root: gastr-stomach suffix:ic-pertaining to meaning: pertaining to above the stomach

electr/o + cardi/o + gram

-root: electr, cardi O: combining vowel combining form: root m+ combining vowel suffix: gram electr: electricity cardi: heart gram: record Meaning: record of the electricity in the heart

Word Parts

-roots of words -combining vowel -combining form -suffix -prefix

when - is above a vowel

-sound is long

when inverse half ring shape above a vowel

-sound is short

3 general rules

1. Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across 2. Drop the combining vowel (usually o) before a suffix beginning with a vowel: gastritis not "gastroitis" 3. Keep the combining vowel between two roots. gastroenterology not "gastrenterology"

epi

above, upon

trans

across, through

peri

around

re

back, again

retro

backward, behind

pro

before, forward

hemat/o or hem/o

blood

emia

blood condition

oste/o

bone

encephal/o

brain

carcin/o

cancerous, cancer

cyt/o

cell

cyte

cell

cerebr/o

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

ped/o

child

thromb/o

clot, clotting

combining form

combination of a root and the combining vowel.

osis

condition, usually abnormal

hypo

deficient, below, under, less than normal

path/o

disease

pathy

disease condition

electr/o

electricity

hyper

excessive, more, above

ectomy

excision, removal

ophthalm/o

eye

sarc/o

flesh

aden/o

gland

cephal/o

head

cardi/o

heart

itis

inflammation

scope

instrument to visually examine

enter/o

intestines

arthr/o

joint

nephr/o

kidney

ren/o

kidney

gnos/o

knowledge

in

less into

bi/o

life

hepat/o

liver

psych/o

mind

neur/o

nerve

a, an

no, not, without

rhin/o

nose

ex

out

exo

outside of, outward

algia

pain

ac

pertain to

al

pertain to

ic, ical

pertaining to

hypo+gastr/o+ic

prefix: hypo root: gastr combining vowel: o suffix: ic =hypogastric hypo: below or under gastr: stomach ic-pertaining to meaning: pertaining to under the stomach

ion

process

tomy

process of cutting

logy

process of study

opsy

process of viewing

scopy

process of visually examining with an endoscope

y

process, condition

genic

produced by or in

globin

protein

gram

record

erythr/o

red

Gastr/o+itis

root: gastr combining vowel: o suffix: itis root+combining vowel=combining form -drop combining vowel when suffix starts with a vowel =gastritis: inflammation of the stomach

Gastr/o+enter/o+logy

root: gastr, enter combining vowel: o root+combining vowel=combining form suffix: logy meaning: study of stomach and intestines =gastroenterology (person specialize in specific study) -keep combining vowel between roots

Hemat/o/logy

root: hemat o: combining vowel suffix: logy-process of study -meaning: process of study blood or study of blood (starts with suffix in most cases)

aut, auto

self, own

derm/o or dermat/o

skin

ist

specialist in

sis

state of, condition

gastr/o

stomach

log/o

study of

glyc/o

sugar

dia

through, complete

cis/o and sect/o

to cut

crin/o

to secrete

iatr/o

treatment, physician

onc/o

tumor

oma

tumor, mass, swelling

sub

under, below

cyst/o

urinary bladder

ur/o

urine, urinary tract

combining vowel

vowel (usually o) that links the root to the suffix or the root to another root and aids pronunciation

leuk/o

white

endo, end

within

gynec/o

woman, female

suffix

word ending, condition/ disease, procedure

radi/o

xray