Medical terminology ch.1
prefix
-beginning, time, number and location
roots of words
-foundation of medical term
epi+gastr/o+ic
-prefix: epi-above root: gastr-stomach suffix:ic-pertaining to meaning: pertaining to above the stomach
electr/o + cardi/o + gram
-root: electr, cardi O: combining vowel combining form: root m+ combining vowel suffix: gram electr: electricity cardi: heart gram: record Meaning: record of the electricity in the heart
Word Parts
-roots of words -combining vowel -combining form -suffix -prefix
when - is above a vowel
-sound is long
when inverse half ring shape above a vowel
-sound is short
3 general rules
1. Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across 2. Drop the combining vowel (usually o) before a suffix beginning with a vowel: gastritis not "gastroitis" 3. Keep the combining vowel between two roots. gastroenterology not "gastrenterology"
epi
above, upon
trans
across, through
peri
around
re
back, again
retro
backward, behind
pro
before, forward
hemat/o or hem/o
blood
emia
blood condition
oste/o
bone
encephal/o
brain
carcin/o
cancerous, cancer
cyt/o
cell
cyte
cell
cerebr/o
cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
ped/o
child
thromb/o
clot, clotting
combining form
combination of a root and the combining vowel.
osis
condition, usually abnormal
hypo
deficient, below, under, less than normal
path/o
disease
pathy
disease condition
electr/o
electricity
hyper
excessive, more, above
ectomy
excision, removal
ophthalm/o
eye
sarc/o
flesh
aden/o
gland
cephal/o
head
cardi/o
heart
itis
inflammation
scope
instrument to visually examine
enter/o
intestines
arthr/o
joint
nephr/o
kidney
ren/o
kidney
gnos/o
knowledge
in
less into
bi/o
life
hepat/o
liver
psych/o
mind
neur/o
nerve
a, an
no, not, without
rhin/o
nose
ex
out
exo
outside of, outward
algia
pain
ac
pertain to
al
pertain to
ic, ical
pertaining to
hypo+gastr/o+ic
prefix: hypo root: gastr combining vowel: o suffix: ic =hypogastric hypo: below or under gastr: stomach ic-pertaining to meaning: pertaining to under the stomach
ion
process
tomy
process of cutting
logy
process of study
opsy
process of viewing
scopy
process of visually examining with an endoscope
y
process, condition
genic
produced by or in
globin
protein
gram
record
erythr/o
red
Gastr/o+itis
root: gastr combining vowel: o suffix: itis root+combining vowel=combining form -drop combining vowel when suffix starts with a vowel =gastritis: inflammation of the stomach
Gastr/o+enter/o+logy
root: gastr, enter combining vowel: o root+combining vowel=combining form suffix: logy meaning: study of stomach and intestines =gastroenterology (person specialize in specific study) -keep combining vowel between roots
Hemat/o/logy
root: hemat o: combining vowel suffix: logy-process of study -meaning: process of study blood or study of blood (starts with suffix in most cases)
aut, auto
self, own
derm/o or dermat/o
skin
ist
specialist in
sis
state of, condition
gastr/o
stomach
log/o
study of
glyc/o
sugar
dia
through, complete
cis/o and sect/o
to cut
crin/o
to secrete
iatr/o
treatment, physician
onc/o
tumor
oma
tumor, mass, swelling
sub
under, below
cyst/o
urinary bladder
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
combining vowel
vowel (usually o) that links the root to the suffix or the root to another root and aids pronunciation
leuk/o
white
endo, end
within
gynec/o
woman, female
suffix
word ending, condition/ disease, procedure
radi/o
xray
