Medical Terminology - Chapter 9 Review
Which of the following is NOT a function of the gallbladder?
Synthesis of bile
Mouth ulcers are also known as
canker sores
The term that means pertaining to the cecum is _____.
cecal
The structure formed by the union of the hepatic duct and cystic duct is the ______ ______ duct.
common bile
Match the structure related to the gallbladder with its description.
common bile duct ---Union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct hepatic duct---Transports bile from the liver cystic duct---Transports bile from the gallbladder
The majority of a tooth is composed of _______ which is covered by an outer layer of ______ .
dentine (dentin); enamel
A qualified professional in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex is a(n)
dentist
If you have a toothache, you see a ______.
dentist
The practitioners who treat disorders that occur in the oral cavity are
dentists and periodontists.
The constriction at the lower end of the esophagus is called the
esophageal sphincter
Lipase is an enzyme that digests triglyceride molecules into
fatty acids and monoglycerides
Inflammation of the stomach lining is _______. It can be caused by NSAIDS, alcohol, and smoking.
gastritis
The medical term for the "stomach flu" is
gastroenteritis
The selective intake of food into the mouth is called
ingestion.
The procedure used to detect upper GI bleeding is
nasogastric aspiration
Tiny projections on the surface of the tongue that contain most of the taste buds are _____.
papillae
The waves of smooth muscle contraction that move the bolus of food downward in the esophagus are called ______.
peristalsis
The term celiac means
pertaining to the abdomen
The dentine (dentin) of an adult tooth surrounds a central ________, where blood vessels and nerves are found.
pulp cavity; root canal
The ring of smooth muscle that regulates passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the
pyloric sphincter
The root in the term inhibitor means
restrain
Chemical digestion is completed in the
small intestine
Most protein digestion occurs in the _____.
small intestine
Most protein digestion occurs in the _____.
small intestines
Most dietary carbohydrates consist of _____.
starches
Mouth ulcers, or canker sores, are often caused by
stress, illness, or trauma.
Deglutition is the process of _______. It is accomplished by alternating waves of smooth muscle contraction called _________.
swallowing; peristalsis
The calcified deposits at the margin of the teeth along the gums is ______.
tartar
The cecum is
the blind-ended pouch that is the first segment of the large intestine.
Select the statements that are correct regarding protein digestion.
Amino acids absorbed from the digestive tract can be used to build new tissues. Some of the enzymes that digest protein are secreted by the pancreas. Proteins are broken down into single units called amino acids.
Gastroenteritis can be caused by what?
Bacteria Viruses Contaminated food
Where is the liver located?
Below the ribs on the right, under the diaphragm
Angiography uses contrast dye to highlight which structure(s)?
Blood vessels
A disorder in which gluten in cereal grains damages the lining of the small intestines is
Celiac disease
An autoimmune disorder in which gluten must be avoided is
Celiac disease
Which of the following disorders is caused by a virus?
Cold sores
All of the following disorders can lead to malabsorption of nutrients EXCEPT which?
Constipation
Match the disorder of the oral cavity with its description.
Dental plaque - collection of microorganisms on the teeth Dental caries - tooth decay and cavity formation Pyorrhea - Infection of gums with pus-like discharge Gingivitis - infection of the gums Periodontitis - gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected
Place the parts of the large intestine in the order in which food residue moves, from the cecum to the anus.
1. Ascending colon 2. Transverse color 3. Descending colon 4. Sigmoid colon 5. Rectum 6. Anal canal
Beginning at the top, place the regions of the small intestine in order from first to last segment.
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3.Ileum
Which of the following are functions of the liver?
1. Storage of glucose as glycogen 2. Detoxification of alcohol and drugs 3. Synthesis of plasma proteins 4. Bile synthesis and secretion
The tube that leads from the mouth to the anus is the
alimentary canal.
Dyspepsia is characterized by
epigastric pain, nausea, and gas.
Saliva is mostly ______.
water, 95%
Identify the functions of saliva.
-It begins the chemical digestion of starch and fat. -It moistens the food to make it easier to swallow.
What is an intestinal disorder that presents with chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and either diarrhea or constipation (or alternating bouts of both)?
Irritable bowel syndrome
The procedure that uses a thin, lighted tube inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall to examine abdominopelvic organs is called_____.
Laparoscopy
Which nutrient cannot be absorbed without intrinsic factor?
Vitamin B12
Match the gastrointestinal drug with its description.
antidiarrheal-----Drug that prevents abnormally frequent and loose stools. antiemetic-----Agent that prevents vomiting. antihistamine-----Drug that can be used to treat allergic symptoms or prevent vomiting. laxative-----An oral agent that promotes the expulsion of feces. cannabinoid-----A group of chemical compounds, some of which increase appetite and others treat nausea and vomiting.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used to diagnose and treat problems of the
bilary ductal system
The hormones insulin and glucagon are secreted into the _____.
blood
The exocrine secretions of the pancreas are
digestive enzymes
When diverticula become inflamed and infected, this is called _____.
diverticulitis
Bleeding from the small intestine is usually caused by a(n) _____.
duodenal ulcer
A severe form of bacterial gastroenteritis with blood and mucus in watery stools is _____.
dysentery
A general symptom for upset stomach with pain, bloating, and nausea is _____.
dyspepsia
The medical term for indigestion or "upset stomach" is
dyspepsia
The first step in lipid digestion is ______, the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller ones coated with ______ salts.
emulsification, bile
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that causes ______, a yellowing of the skin and sclera.
jaundice
If you do not produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, you may develop
lactose intolerance
An extensive inflammation and ulceration of the large intestine's lining that causes bloody diarrhea, crampy pain, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance is _____.
ulcerative colitis
The small structure that hangs down from the soft palate and keeps food in the oral cavity until it is ready to be swallowed is the _____.
uvula
A narrow, wormlike tube that projects downward from the cecum is the _____.
vermiform appendix
Finger-like projections of the small intestine that contain blood vessels and are covered with absorptive cells are
villi