Medical Terminology - Chapter 9 Review

Which of the following is NOT a function of the gallbladder?

Synthesis of bile

Mouth ulcers are also known as

canker sores

The term that means pertaining to the cecum is _____.

cecal

The structure formed by the union of the hepatic duct and cystic duct is the ______ ______ duct.

common bile

Match the structure related to the gallbladder with its description.

common bile duct ---Union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct hepatic duct---Transports bile from the liver cystic duct---Transports bile from the gallbladder

The majority of a tooth is composed of _______ which is covered by an outer layer of ______ .

dentine (dentin); enamel

A qualified professional in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex is a(n)

dentist

If you have a toothache, you see a ______.

dentist

The practitioners who treat disorders that occur in the oral cavity are

dentists and periodontists.

The constriction at the lower end of the esophagus is called the

esophageal sphincter

Lipase is an enzyme that digests triglyceride molecules into

fatty acids and monoglycerides

Inflammation of the stomach lining is _______. It can be caused by NSAIDS, alcohol, and smoking.

gastritis

The medical term for the "stomach flu" is

gastroenteritis

The selective intake of food into the mouth is called

ingestion.

The procedure used to detect upper GI bleeding is

nasogastric aspiration

Tiny projections on the surface of the tongue that contain most of the taste buds are _____.

papillae

The waves of smooth muscle contraction that move the bolus of food downward in the esophagus are called ______.

peristalsis

The term celiac means

pertaining to the abdomen

The dentine (dentin) of an adult tooth surrounds a central ________, where blood vessels and nerves are found.

pulp cavity; root canal

The ring of smooth muscle that regulates passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the

pyloric sphincter

The root in the term inhibitor means

restrain

Chemical digestion is completed in the

small intestine

Most protein digestion occurs in the _____.

small intestine

Most protein digestion occurs in the _____.

small intestines

Most dietary carbohydrates consist of _____.

starches

Mouth ulcers, or canker sores, are often caused by

stress, illness, or trauma.

Deglutition is the process of _______. It is accomplished by alternating waves of smooth muscle contraction called _________.

swallowing; peristalsis

The calcified deposits at the margin of the teeth along the gums is ______.

tartar

The cecum is

the blind-ended pouch that is the first segment of the large intestine.

Select the statements that are correct regarding protein digestion.

Amino acids absorbed from the digestive tract can be used to build new tissues. Some of the enzymes that digest protein are secreted by the pancreas. Proteins are broken down into single units called amino acids.

Gastroenteritis can be caused by what?

Bacteria Viruses Contaminated food

Where is the liver located?

Below the ribs on the right, under the diaphragm

Angiography uses contrast dye to highlight which structure(s)?

Blood vessels

A disorder in which gluten in cereal grains damages the lining of the small intestines is

Celiac disease

An autoimmune disorder in which gluten must be avoided is

Celiac disease

Which of the following disorders is caused by a virus?

Cold sores

All of the following disorders can lead to malabsorption of nutrients EXCEPT which?

Constipation

Match the disorder of the oral cavity with its description.

Dental plaque - collection of microorganisms on the teeth Dental caries - tooth decay and cavity formation Pyorrhea - Infection of gums with pus-like discharge Gingivitis - infection of the gums Periodontitis - gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected

Place the parts of the large intestine in the order in which food residue moves, from the cecum to the anus.

1. Ascending colon 2. Transverse color 3. Descending colon 4. Sigmoid colon 5. Rectum 6. Anal canal

Beginning at the top, place the regions of the small intestine in order from first to last segment.

1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3.Ileum

Which of the following are functions of the liver?

1. Storage of glucose as glycogen 2. Detoxification of alcohol and drugs 3. Synthesis of plasma proteins 4. Bile synthesis and secretion

The tube that leads from the mouth to the anus is the

alimentary canal.

Dyspepsia is characterized by

epigastric pain, nausea, and gas.

Saliva is mostly ______.

water, 95%

Identify the functions of saliva.

-It begins the chemical digestion of starch and fat. -It moistens the food to make it easier to swallow.

What is an intestinal disorder that presents with chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and either diarrhea or constipation (or alternating bouts of both)?

Irritable bowel syndrome

The procedure that uses a thin, lighted tube inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall to examine abdominopelvic organs is called_____.

Laparoscopy

Which nutrient cannot be absorbed without intrinsic factor?

Vitamin B12

Match the gastrointestinal drug with its description.

antidiarrheal-----Drug that prevents abnormally frequent and loose stools. antiemetic-----Agent that prevents vomiting. antihistamine-----Drug that can be used to treat allergic symptoms or prevent vomiting. laxative-----An oral agent that promotes the expulsion of feces. cannabinoid-----A group of chemical compounds, some of which increase appetite and others treat nausea and vomiting.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used to diagnose and treat problems of the

bilary ductal system

The hormones insulin and glucagon are secreted into the _____.

blood

The exocrine secretions of the pancreas are

digestive enzymes

When diverticula become inflamed and infected, this is called _____.

diverticulitis

Bleeding from the small intestine is usually caused by a(n) _____.

duodenal ulcer

A severe form of bacterial gastroenteritis with blood and mucus in watery stools is _____.

dysentery

A general symptom for upset stomach with pain, bloating, and nausea is _____.

dyspepsia

The medical term for indigestion or "upset stomach" is

dyspepsia

The first step in lipid digestion is ______, the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller ones coated with ______ salts.

emulsification, bile

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that causes ______, a yellowing of the skin and sclera.

jaundice

If you do not produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, you may develop

lactose intolerance

An extensive inflammation and ulceration of the large intestine's lining that causes bloody diarrhea, crampy pain, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance is _____.

ulcerative colitis

The small structure that hangs down from the soft palate and keeps food in the oral cavity until it is ready to be swallowed is the _____.

uvula

A narrow, wormlike tube that projects downward from the cecum is the _____.

vermiform appendix

Finger-like projections of the small intestine that contain blood vessels and are covered with absorptive cells are

villi