Medical Terminology: Digestive and Renal Systems - Word Parts, Functions, Anatomy, Tests
Esophag/e/al
Literal Meaning: esophagus referring to Medical Meaning: referring to the esophagus
Enter/itis
Literal Meaning: small intestines inflammation of Medical Meaning: inflammation of small intestines
Gastr/ostomy
Literal Meaning: stomach more or less permanent opening in Medical Meaning: more or less permanent opening into stomach
Gastro/enter/ologist
Literal Meaning: stomach small intestine specialist Medical Meaning: doctor specializing
Gastro/enter/itis
Literal Meaning: stomach small intestines inflammation Medical Meaning: inflammation of digestive system
Lith/otomy
Literal Meaning: stone incision into Medical Meaning: incision to remove stones
Glyco/s/uria
Literal Meaning: sugar urine Medical Meaning: sugar in the urine
Pharyng/itis
Literal Meaning: throat inflammation of Medical Meaning: inflammation of the throat
Pharyng/e/al
Literal Meaning: throat referring to Medical Meaning: referring to the throat
Den/ist
Literal Meaning: tooth specialist Medical Meaning: professional specializing in teeth/gums
Sub/lingu/al
Literal Meaning: under tongue referring to Medical Meaning: under the tongue
Urethro/plasty
Literal Meaning: urethra surgical repair Medical Definition: surgical repair of the urethra
Ur/ologist
Literal Meaning: urine specialist Medical Meaning: doctor specializing in urinary disorders
Bilirubin
compound breaks up heme in vertebrae
Pyelonephritis
inflammation and infection of pelves of kidney secondary to bladder infections
Paracentesis
removal of fluid from stomach
Urinalysis
test to examine urine abnormalities such as blood or pus/acid or alkali in urine meausring pH/concentration in urine
Cachexia
weight loss, muscular atrophy, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite
Transhepatic cholangiography
x-ray of bile ducts
Jaundice
yellowing of skin and sclera of eye
Urine Formation
∙filtration/filtrate ∙reabsorption ∙excretion
Function of Kidneys
1.) remove waste 2.) regulate water and electrolytes 3.) regulate pH 4.) secrete hormones ∙erythropoietin - stimulate production of red blood cells ∙renin - raise blood pressure when hypotension occurs ∙aid in control of blood pressure
Lapar/otomy
Literal Meaning: abdomen incision into Medical Meaning: incision into the abdomen
Post/prandial
Literal Meaning: after meals referring to Medical Meaning: after meals
Retro/grade
Literal Meaning: backward going Medical Meaning: going backwards
Dys/phagia
Literal Meaning: bad/difficult swallowing Medical Meaning: difficulty swallowing
Hypo/gloss/al
Literal Meaning: below tongue referring to Medical Meaning: below the tongue
Chole/doch/itis
Literal Meaning: bile common duct inflammation of Medical Meaning: inflammation of the common bile duct
Cyst/o/scopy
Literal Meaning: bladder examination of Medical Meaning: examination of the bladder
Cyst/o/cele
Literal Meaning: bladder hernia Medical Meaning: hernia of the bladder
Cyst/itis
Literal Meaning: bladder inflammation Medical Meaning: inflammation of the bladder
Cyst/o/scope
Literal Meaning: bladder instrument used to examine Medical Meaning: instrument used to examine the bladder
Cyst/algia
Literal Meaning: bladder pain Medical Meaning: bladder pain
Cyst/o/graphy
Literal Meaning: bladder process of recording Medical Meaning: process of taking an X-Ray of urinary system/bladder
Hemato/chez/ia
Literal Meaning: blood stool Medical Meaning: blood in stool
Hemat/uria
Literal Meaning: blood urine Medical Meaning: blood in the urine
Chole/docho/lith/otomy
Literal Meaning: common bile duct stone incision into Medical Meaning: incision into common bile duct ( to remove stones)
Esophago/plasty
Literal Meaning: esophagus surgical repair Medical Meaning: surgical repair of the esophagus
Chole/docho/lith/iasis
Literal Meaning: gall common bile duct stone presence of Medical Meaning: presence of gall stones in the common bile duct
Chole/litho/tripsy
Literal Meaning: gall stone crushing of Medical Meaning: crushing of gall stones
Gingiv/itis
Literal Meaning: gums inflammation of Medical Meaning: inflammation of gums
Nephro/ptosis
Literal Meaning: kidney drooping Medical Meaning: drooping/sagging kidney
Nephr/itis
Literal Meaning: kidney inflammation Medical Meaning: inflammation of the kidney
Nephr/ologist
Literal Meaning: kidney one who studies Medical Meaning: doctor specializing in kidney disorders
Nephro/litho/tripsy
Literal Meaning: kidney stone crushing Medical Meaning: crushing of kidney stones
Nephro/lithiasis
Literal Meaning: kidney stone presence of Medical Meaning: presence of kidney stones
Nephro/pexy
Literal Meaning: kidney suspension Medical Meaning: suspension of a drooping kidney
Nephro/oma
Literal Meaning: kidney tumor Medical Meaning: kidney tumor
Colo/no/scopy
Literal Meaning: large intestine inspection of Medical Meaning: examination of the colon
Col/ostomy
Literal Meaning: large intestine more or less permanent opening Medical Meaning: more or less permanent opening into colon
Col/ectomy
Literal Meaning: large intestine removal of Medical Meaning: removal of large intestine
Poly/uria
Literal Meaning: many urine Medical Meaning: high urine output
A/phagia
Literal Meaning: not/without swallowing Medical Meaning: inability to swallow
Odyno/uria
Literal Meaning: pain urination Medical Meaning: Pain when urinating
Pancreat/itis
Literal Meaning: pancreas inflammation Medical Meaning: inflammation of pancreas
Pancreat/ic
Literal Meaning: pancreas referring to Medical Meaning: referring to the pancreas
Erythro/cyte
Literal Meaning: red cell Medical Meaning: red blood cell
Erythro/poiesis
Literal Meaning: red development Medical Meaning: development/production of red blood cells
Erythro/poietin
Literal Meaning: red hormone to promote development Medical Meaning: Hormone to stimulate the production of red blood cells
Sial/a/den/itis
Literal Meaning: salivary gland inflammation Medical Meaning: inflammation of salivary gland
Sialo/lith/iasis
Literal Meaning: salivary stone presence of Medical Meaning: presence of stones in salivary glands
Olig/uria
Literal Meaning: scanty urine Medical Meaning: Low/scanty amount of urine
Ur/ology
Literal Meaning: urine study of Medical Meaning: medical speciality dealing with disorder of the urinary system
An/orexia
Literal Meaning: without appetite Medical Meaning: loss of appetite
An/uria
Literal Meaning: without urine Medical Meaning: no urine output
Hem/at/emesis
Literal meaning: blood vomiting Medical Meaning: vomiting blood
Glomerulonephritis
antigen/antibody reaction following strep. infection immune complexes clog glomerular membrane
Hydroureter
enlarged ureter due to urine backup when ureter is blocked with stone
Diuresis
excessive flow of urine; causes loss of sodium, water and potassium (hypokalemia)
Azotemia
excessive nitrogen in blood
Uremia
excessive urea in blood, kidneys not functioning normally
Nausea
feeling of sickness with inclination to vomit
gavage
force feeding via a tube
Necrosis
pertaining to death
Proteinuria
protein in urine
Hiatal hernia
stomach pushes up through diaphragm
Sphincter
tight band of muscular tissue
Epispadias
urethral opening on top of penis
Hypospadias
urethral opening under penis
lavage
washing out of cavity with solution
gastric stapling
weight loss surgery to limit amount a person can eat