Medical Terminology: Digestive and Renal Systems - Word Parts, Functions, Anatomy, Tests

Esophag/e/al

Literal Meaning: esophagus referring to Medical Meaning: referring to the esophagus

Enter/itis

Literal Meaning: small intestines inflammation of Medical Meaning: inflammation of small intestines

Gastr/ostomy

Literal Meaning: stomach more or less permanent opening in Medical Meaning: more or less permanent opening into stomach

Gastro/enter/ologist

Literal Meaning: stomach small intestine specialist Medical Meaning: doctor specializing

Gastro/enter/itis

Literal Meaning: stomach small intestines inflammation Medical Meaning: inflammation of digestive system

Lith/otomy

Literal Meaning: stone incision into Medical Meaning: incision to remove stones

Glyco/s/uria

Literal Meaning: sugar urine Medical Meaning: sugar in the urine

Pharyng/itis

Literal Meaning: throat inflammation of Medical Meaning: inflammation of the throat

Pharyng/e/al

Literal Meaning: throat referring to Medical Meaning: referring to the throat

Den/ist

Literal Meaning: tooth specialist Medical Meaning: professional specializing in teeth/gums

Sub/lingu/al

Literal Meaning: under tongue referring to Medical Meaning: under the tongue

Urethro/plasty

Literal Meaning: urethra surgical repair Medical Definition: surgical repair of the urethra

Ur/ologist

Literal Meaning: urine specialist Medical Meaning: doctor specializing in urinary disorders

Bilirubin

compound breaks up heme in vertebrae

Pyelonephritis

inflammation and infection of pelves of kidney secondary to bladder infections

Paracentesis

removal of fluid from stomach

Urinalysis

test to examine urine abnormalities such as blood or pus/acid or alkali in urine meausring pH/concentration in urine

Cachexia

weight loss, muscular atrophy, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite

Transhepatic cholangiography

x-ray of bile ducts

Jaundice

yellowing of skin and sclera of eye

Urine Formation

∙filtration/filtrate ∙reabsorption ∙excretion

Function of Kidneys

1.) remove waste 2.) regulate water and electrolytes 3.) regulate pH 4.) secrete hormones ∙erythropoietin - stimulate production of red blood cells ∙renin - raise blood pressure when hypotension occurs ∙aid in control of blood pressure

Lapar/otomy

Literal Meaning: abdomen incision into Medical Meaning: incision into the abdomen

Post/prandial

Literal Meaning: after meals referring to Medical Meaning: after meals

Retro/grade

Literal Meaning: backward going Medical Meaning: going backwards

Dys/phagia

Literal Meaning: bad/difficult swallowing Medical Meaning: difficulty swallowing

Hypo/gloss/al

Literal Meaning: below tongue referring to Medical Meaning: below the tongue

Chole/doch/itis

Literal Meaning: bile common duct inflammation of Medical Meaning: inflammation of the common bile duct

Cyst/o/scopy

Literal Meaning: bladder examination of Medical Meaning: examination of the bladder

Cyst/o/cele

Literal Meaning: bladder hernia Medical Meaning: hernia of the bladder

Cyst/itis

Literal Meaning: bladder inflammation Medical Meaning: inflammation of the bladder

Cyst/o/scope

Literal Meaning: bladder instrument used to examine Medical Meaning: instrument used to examine the bladder

Cyst/algia

Literal Meaning: bladder pain Medical Meaning: bladder pain

Cyst/o/graphy

Literal Meaning: bladder process of recording Medical Meaning: process of taking an X-Ray of urinary system/bladder

Hemato/chez/ia

Literal Meaning: blood stool Medical Meaning: blood in stool

Hemat/uria

Literal Meaning: blood urine Medical Meaning: blood in the urine

Chole/docho/lith/otomy

Literal Meaning: common bile duct stone incision into Medical Meaning: incision into common bile duct ( to remove stones)

Esophago/plasty

Literal Meaning: esophagus surgical repair Medical Meaning: surgical repair of the esophagus

Chole/docho/lith/iasis

Literal Meaning: gall common bile duct stone presence of Medical Meaning: presence of gall stones in the common bile duct

Chole/litho/tripsy

Literal Meaning: gall stone crushing of Medical Meaning: crushing of gall stones

Gingiv/itis

Literal Meaning: gums inflammation of Medical Meaning: inflammation of gums

Nephro/ptosis

Literal Meaning: kidney drooping Medical Meaning: drooping/sagging kidney

Nephr/itis

Literal Meaning: kidney inflammation Medical Meaning: inflammation of the kidney

Nephr/ologist

Literal Meaning: kidney one who studies Medical Meaning: doctor specializing in kidney disorders

Nephro/litho/tripsy

Literal Meaning: kidney stone crushing Medical Meaning: crushing of kidney stones

Nephro/lithiasis

Literal Meaning: kidney stone presence of Medical Meaning: presence of kidney stones

Nephro/pexy

Literal Meaning: kidney suspension Medical Meaning: suspension of a drooping kidney

Nephro/oma

Literal Meaning: kidney tumor Medical Meaning: kidney tumor

Colo/no/scopy

Literal Meaning: large intestine inspection of Medical Meaning: examination of the colon

Col/ostomy

Literal Meaning: large intestine more or less permanent opening Medical Meaning: more or less permanent opening into colon

Col/ectomy

Literal Meaning: large intestine removal of Medical Meaning: removal of large intestine

Poly/uria

Literal Meaning: many urine Medical Meaning: high urine output

A/phagia

Literal Meaning: not/without swallowing Medical Meaning: inability to swallow

Odyno/uria

Literal Meaning: pain urination Medical Meaning: Pain when urinating

Pancreat/itis

Literal Meaning: pancreas inflammation Medical Meaning: inflammation of pancreas

Pancreat/ic

Literal Meaning: pancreas referring to Medical Meaning: referring to the pancreas

Erythro/cyte

Literal Meaning: red cell Medical Meaning: red blood cell

Erythro/poiesis

Literal Meaning: red development Medical Meaning: development/production of red blood cells

Erythro/poietin

Literal Meaning: red hormone to promote development Medical Meaning: Hormone to stimulate the production of red blood cells

Sial/a/den/itis

Literal Meaning: salivary gland inflammation Medical Meaning: inflammation of salivary gland

Sialo/lith/iasis

Literal Meaning: salivary stone presence of Medical Meaning: presence of stones in salivary glands

Olig/uria

Literal Meaning: scanty urine Medical Meaning: Low/scanty amount of urine

Ur/ology

Literal Meaning: urine study of Medical Meaning: medical speciality dealing with disorder of the urinary system

An/orexia

Literal Meaning: without appetite Medical Meaning: loss of appetite

An/uria

Literal Meaning: without urine Medical Meaning: no urine output

Hem/at/emesis

Literal meaning: blood vomiting Medical Meaning: vomiting blood

Glomerulonephritis

antigen/antibody reaction following strep. infection immune complexes clog glomerular membrane

Hydroureter

enlarged ureter due to urine backup when ureter is blocked with stone

Diuresis

excessive flow of urine; causes loss of sodium, water and potassium (hypokalemia)

Azotemia

excessive nitrogen in blood

Uremia

excessive urea in blood, kidneys not functioning normally

Nausea

feeling of sickness with inclination to vomit

gavage

force feeding via a tube

Necrosis

pertaining to death

Proteinuria

protein in urine

Hiatal hernia

stomach pushes up through diaphragm

Sphincter

tight band of muscular tissue

Epispadias

urethral opening on top of penis

Hypospadias

urethral opening under penis

lavage

washing out of cavity with solution

gastric stapling

weight loss surgery to limit amount a person can eat