Medical Terminology Module 13 Exam
disease in which the brain undergoes gradual deterioration resulting in confusion, short-term memory loss, restlessness, and cognitive losses
Alzheimer's disease (AD)
concussion
an injury to soft tissue resulting from a blow or violent shaking
a circulatory problem caused by the weakened wall of a blood vessel, resulting in a bulge in the wall that is in danger of bursting
aneurysm
hem/o
blood
encephal/o
brain
central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
cerebr/o
brain, cerebrum
transient ischemic attack (TIA), mini stroke
caused by a blood clot forming temporarily before breaking apart and dissolving, resulting in a brief minor episode of ischemia to an area of the brain that is usually without permanent injury
hemorrhagic stroke
caused by bleeding within the cranial cavity, following an injury to blood vessels or a burst aneurysm
neuroglia
cells that support and protect neurons
an inflammation of the cerebellum; symptoms include a loss of muscle coordination and equilibrium
cerebellitis
a moving blood clot in an artery of the brain
cerebral embolism
Condition of bleeding from blood vessels associated with the cerebrum
cerebral hemorrhage
the condition of a stationary blood clot in an artery of the brain
cerebral thrombosis
cerebral concussion
cerebrum undergoes physical damage when it strikes against the inside wall of the cranium
thromb/o
clot
palsy
condition of muscular paralysis
-algia
condition of pain
neuralgia
condition of pain in a nerve
polyneuralgia
condition of pain in many nerves
-troph
development
autism
developmental disorder that varies in its severity with the patient, characterized by withdrawal from outward reality and impaired development in social conduct and communication; "disease of self"
-pathy
disease
cerebral atherosclerosis
disease in which brain vessels gradually close due to the accumulation of fatty plaques, reducing the flow of blood to the brain
ather/o
fatty plaque
quadri-
four
coma
general term describing several levels of abnormally decreased consciousness
gli/o
glue
poli/o
gray
hemi-
half
scler/o
hard
cephal/o
head
cephalalgia
headache, generalized pain in the region of the head
-cele
hernia, swelling, protrusion
excessive sensitivity to painful stimuli
hyperalgesia
excessive sensitive to a stimulus, such as touch, sound, or pain
hyperesthesia
deficient sensitivity to normally painful stimuli
hypoalgesia
aphasia
inability to speak
-itis
inflammation
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain; usually caused by bacterial or viral infection and is a life-threatening condition
gnos/o
knowledge
ventricul/o
little belly, ventricle
cerebell/o
little brain, cerebellum
vascul/o
little vessel
warning signs of a stroke (FAST)
- Face: ask the subject to smile to see if one side droops - Arms: ask the subject to raise both arms and observe if one arm drifts downward or is immovable - Speech: ask the subject to say something and listen for slurred or strange speech - Time: if any of the signs is present, call 911 immediately.
nervous system
- bran, spinal cord, and nerves - enables you to sense the world around you, integrate this information to form thoughts and memories, and control your body movements and many internal functions
Half of all TBIs in the United States are caused by what?
Motorcycle accidents
blood-brain barrier
a barrier between brain fluids and blood which provides protection from pathogens circulating in the bloodstream
cerebral palsy (CP)
a condition that appears at birth or shortly afterward as a partial muscle paralysis; persists throughout life and is caused by a brain lesion present at birth (congenital CP) or a brain malfunction that arises during early childhood (acquired CP)
cerebrovascular accident (CVA); stroke
a disruption of the normal flow of blood to the brain, resulting in the loss of brain function that often proves fatal; most common affliction of the nervous system
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); Lou Gehrig's disease
a progressive, terminal disease characterized by the progressive atrophy (loss) of muscle caused by hardening of nervous tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord
convulsion, seizure
a series of involuntary muscular spasms caused by an uncoordinated excitation of motor neurons that triggers muscle contraction
traumatic brain injury (TBI)
a severe brain injury which often involves bleeding that can result in functional losses and death
syncope, fainting
a temporary loss of consciousness due to a sudden reduction of blood flow to the brain
-rrhage
abnormal discharge
cerebral aneurysm
affects arteries channeling blood to the brain, placing the brain at great risk of the damage that would result from a burst aneurysm
the loss of the ability to interpret sensory information
agnosia
par-
alongside, abnormal
para-
alongside, abnormal
ischemic stroke
may be caused by emboli (moving blood clots) or a thrombus (a lodged, stationary blood clot)
mening/i, mening/o
membrane
clinical psychologists
mental health professionals trained in the treatment of behavioral disorders
phren/o
mind
psych/o
mind
my/o
muscle
neur/o
nerve
radic/o, radicul/o
nerve root
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord
a generalized experience of body fatigue, which is often associated with mental depression
neurasthenia
nerve cell
neuron
narc/o
numbness
mono-
one
-algesia
pain
-plegia
paralysis
an abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling caused by a injury to one or more nerves
paresthesia
-al, -ar, -ic, -us
pertaining to
microglia
phagocytic cells that ingest and break down waste products and pathogens in the CNS
neurologists
physicians who focus on brain or spinal cord treatments
psychiatrists
physicians who specialize in treating mental illness
embol/o
plug
-lepsy
seizure
aut/o
self
esthes/o
sensation
later/o
side
crani/o
skull, cranium
-malacia
softening
dysphasia
speech difficulty
myel/o
spinal cord, medulla, myelin
neurology
study and treatment of the nervous system and its diseases
gangli/o
swelling, knot
Bell's palsy
temporary paralysis of the face muscles on one side due to damage to the seventh cranial nerve (CN VII)
hemorrhage
the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time
nervous tissue
tissue making the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
phas/o
to speak
-oma
tumor
epi-
upon, over, above, on top
vag/o
vagus nerve
hydr/o
water
-asthenia
weakness
intra-
within