Medical Terminology - Module 5: Digestive System

What is the term for a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax?

Achalasia

An abnormal tubelike passageway near the anus is a(n):

Anal fistula

The medical term for a stone is:

Calculus

The combining form eti/o means:

Cause

Mr. Harris, who does not drink alcohol, is stunned to hear that he has cirrhosis. The physician explains that cirrhosis is a(n):

Chronic degeneration of liver tissue that is replaced with scar tissue

The visual examination of the entire large intestine is called a:

Colonoscopy

When used with a combining form for an organ, the suffix -stomy means an opening to the outside of the body. What is the medical term for an opening from the colon to the outside of the body?

Colostomy

An enteroenterostomy is the:

Creation of a connection between two segments of the intestine

An ileostomy is the:

Creation of an opening from the ileum to the surface of the abdomen

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract is:

Crohn disease

_____ is the removal of solid waste through the anus.

Defecation

________________is the elimination of fecal matter from the digestive system through the rectum and anus.

Defecation

The outermost protective layer of the crown of the tooth is called:

Enamel

Receiving nutrition through the gastrointestinal tract is which type of nutrition?

Enteral

A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances is a(n):

Enzyme

Varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus are called:

Esophageal varices

Identify label 4 for anatomy of the digestive system.

Esophagus

Mrs. Meyer has been diagnosed with oral leukoplakia caused by chronic smoking. Her chronic smoking is described as an:

Etiologic factor

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

Excretion of nitrogenous waste products

Achalasia is:

Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle to relax

Mrs. Watkins is being treated for a duodenal ulcer. Her ulcer is located in the:

First section of the small intestine

A malignant tumor of the stomach is called:

Gastric carcinoma

When solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach, the condition is known as:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

The medical term for simple blood sugar is:

Glucose

Excess glucose in the bloodstream is removed by the liver and stored as:

Glycogen

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose is called:

Glycogenolysis

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus is termed:

Hepatitis

_____ stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus.

Herpetic

A group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension is:

IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

If the cause of an illness or its treatment is unknown or not understood, it is called:

Idiopathic

The loss of peristalsis that results in an obstruction of the intestines is:

Ileus

Mr. Schmitt's doctor discovered a small loop of bowel protruding through a weak muscle in his patient's lower abdomen. Mr. Schmitt was diagnosed with a(n):

Inguinal hernia

Icterus is another term for:

Jaundice

Identify label 2 for anatomy of the digestive system.

Large intestine

This covering allows free movement of the intestines:

Mesentery

Identify label 3 for anatomy of the digestive system.

Mouth

The Whipple procedure is another name for a:

Pancreatoduodenectomy

The small, raised areas on top of the tongue containing taste buds are:

Papillae

Benign growths that protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon are:

Polyps

When Edmund is diagnosed with oral leukoplakia, his physician explains that this is a(n):

Precancerous condition characterized by white plaques on the oral mucosa

The enzyme that digests protein is:

Protease

_____ is the soft, delicate tissue filling the center of the tooth.

Pulp

The ring of muscle that controls movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine is the:

Pyloric sphincter

A choledochotomy is the:

Removal of a gallstone through the common bile duct

Saliva is secreted from all of the following glands except the:

Sebaceous

A direct visual examination of the mucous membrane lining of the sigmoid colon is a diagnostic procedure called:

Sigmoidoscopy

Identify label 1 for anatomy of the digestive system.

Small intestine

Identify label 5 for anatomy of the digestive system.

Stomach

The combining form gastr/o means:

Stomach

The combining form lith/o means:

Stone

Hematochezia is:

The passage of bright red blood from the rectum

The combining form idi/o means:

Unknown

____ are tiny projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients.

Villi

Mr. Raphael is admitted for a twisting of the intestines. What is the medical term for this condition?

Volvulus

Shannon has cholelithiasis, or gallstones. In this term, the suffix -iasis means _______.

abnormal condition

The pain on Ben's lower right side leads the emergency department team to suspect an inflammation of his ________, the pouch that hangs from his cecum.

appendix

__________ is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

ascites

The liver releases a pigment in the bile called:

bilirubin

The lower esophageal sphincter is called the ________ sphincter.

cardiac

The ____ is the first part of the large intestine.

cecum

Surgical removal of the gallbladder is:

cholecystectomy

A decreased motility of the colon in which defecation becomes difficult because the feces are dry and hard, often caused by slow peristalsis or inadequate diet, is called ______________.

constipation

The _____ of the tooth lies _____ the gum line.

crown, above

Mrs. Kane complains of trouble with swallowing. Another term for swallowing is ___________.

deglutition

Jennifer's physician suspects she may have an ulcer in the _______, which is the first section of her small intestine.

duodenum

The first portion of the small intestine, into which the stomach releases chyme, is known as:

duodenum

Ingesting food or water contaminated with viruses, parasites, or protozoa can cause a condition characterized by painful abdominal cramping, fever, inflamed intestines, and diarrhea containing blood. This condition is known as:

dysentery

Arlando is diagnosed with ________itis, which means he has an intestinal inflammation.

enter

Mandy sees the suffix -ase turn up several times in a patient's lab results. She quickly concludes that this suffix means ________.

enzyme

A term for gas expelled through the anus is:

flatus

The part of the stomach that is furthest from the outlet to the duodenum is called the:

fundus

The four functions of the __________ tract include ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

gastrointestinal

The anterior portion of the roof of the mouth is the _____ palate.

hard

Chronic constipation can put pressure on anal veins, causing swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region, called:

hemorrhoids

Mr. Arturo has an inflammation of the liver that may be caused by the _______ A, B, or C virus.

hepatitis

Federico's doctor believes he may have an obstruction where food enters the large intestine through the cecum. The cecum is a small pouch connected to the ileum at the _________.

ileocecal sphincter

Derek finds it easiest to floss his _______, the four upper front teeth in his dental arch.

incisors

A condition in which one bowel segment collapses or telescopes into the opening of another segment is called:

intussusception

Paul is scheduled to have his gallbladder removed via the insertion of a specialized endoscope through a small abdominal incision. This procedure is called a _____scopic _____ectomy.

laparo, cholecyst (Laparoscopic, Cholecystectomy)

Mr. Ayers' physician warns him that his _______, the large organ in the right upper quadrant of his abdomen, is not producing bile as efficiently as it normally should.

liver

Digested blood in the feces is called:

melena

When Melanie has her tonsils removed, the surgery will take place in her _______pharynx.

oro

Elias's sense of taste is assessed by testing the response of the ______, the small elevations on his tongue.

papillae

Receiving nutrition through a site other than the digestive system or alimentary canal is called ___________ nutrition.

parenteral

An ulcer in the lining of the stomach or duodenum is a _______ ulcer.

peptic

The _____ holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket.

periodontal membrane

Evan has healthy ________, which is the name for the involuntary, rhythmic contractions that move a bolus of food through the GI tract.

peristalsis

The coordinated contraction of the intestines that moves the contents of the intestine forward is:

peristalsis

The anatomy term that describes the throat is:

pharynx

Mr. Gonzales' colonoscopy revealed several large benign polyps, which his physician removed in a _______.

polypectomy

The muscular ring at the lower end of the stomach is the ____ sphincter.

pyloric

Folds or wrinkles within the stomach are called _____.

rugae

Odd as it may seem, Alexis has the same ridges, or ________, on her palate as she has in her stomach.

rugae

Mr. Wayne is scheduled to have a visual examination of the distal end of his descending colon that leads into the rectum. This procedure is called a _____scopy.

sigmoid/o

As a result of her acute episode of pancreatitis, Mrs. Dunlap was unable to absorb fat properly. This malabsorption leads to ____rrhea.

steato (Steatorrhea)

Timothy suffered from recurring fever blisters around his mouth, known as herpetic ____itis.

stomat

A mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the mouth is a(n):

tonsil

During a colonoscopy, a polyp was found in Mr. Divers' ________ colon, the part of his colon that passes horizontally to the left toward the spleen.

transverse

Mr. Cawein is informed that his diverticulitis is caused by ________.

trapping of undigested food or bacteria in a diverticulum

The small, fleshy mass dangling from the center of the soft palate is the:

uvula