Medical Terminology Semester Exam
In military time, midnight is written as ____.
0000 or 2400
Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter and PVCs are examples of ___
Arrhythmias
A(n) ____ is a graphic recording of the contraction of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulation.
EMG
What does Hypertension mean?
High blood pressure
____ antibodies make up about 75 percent of all immunoglobulins in the body and are the only immunoglobulin class that crosses the placenta and provides fetal immunity.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
____ causes an excessive increase in white blood cells.
Leukemia
Which of the following diagnostic tests uses an electromagnetic field and radio waves?
MRI
Which lymphocytes specifically target cells infected by cancer or viruses?
Natural killer cells
In which disease does the narrowing of the arteries result in decreased blood flow to the extremities?
PAD
Electrical current conduction in the heart terminates in the ____, located along the ventricle walls.
Purkinje fibers
Which part of the heart pumps blood into the lungs?
R ventricle
Kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are three types of ____.
abnormal curvatures of the spine
Sebum discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin because it is slightly ____.
acidic
Formation of a fibrous band of tissue that hold two parts or surfaces together
adhesion
Lymphocytes and monocytes are both ____.
agranulocytes
Hair loss that results from genetics, normal aging, illness, or medications is called ___.
alopecia
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the ____ of the lungs.
alveoli
slightly movable joints
amphiarthroses
Tenotomy can be defined as ____.
an incision to a tendon
This medication helps prevent or alleviate spasmodic chest pain.
antianginal
a protein manufactured by the immune system in response to a substance that is harmful or is perceived as harmful
antibody
a substance that is harmful, or is perceived as harmful, by the immune system
antigen
the largest artery of the human body
aorta
the lowest part of the exterior of the heart
apex
Which of the following terms describes the separation of blood into its component parts?
apheresis
The division of the skeletal system that contains bones making up the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle is the ____.
appendicular skeleton
Blood travels from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary ____?
arteries
blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body organs, tissues and cells
arteries
The use of a needle to puncture a joint space and remove accumulated fluid is called ____.
arthrocentesis
inability to coordinate voluntary muscle activity
ataxia
the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body's veins
atria
the wasting away or shrinkage of muscle size
atrophy
Using a stethoscope to listen to sounds within body cavities is known as ____.
auscultation
An antibiotic fights or prevents ____ infections.
bacterial
The prefix ante- means
before
The prefix hypo- means
below normal
The mitral valve is also called the ____ valve.
bicuspid
What process do both fibrinogen and prothrombin aid in?
blood clotting
Skeletal muscle is attached to bone at ____.
both ends of the muscle
small, thin-walled blood vessels with semipermeable membranes that allow for gas exchange
capillaries
Blood platelets aid in ____.
coagulation
the clotting of blood
coagulation
a fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments; connective tissue of the dermis
collagen
Muscle is made up of bundles of fibers held together by ____.
connective tissue
In ____, abnormal tissue is destroyed by the application of extreme cold.
cryosurgery
Decreased circulation of oxygen-rich blood can result in a bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin called ____.
cyanosis
Blood flowing through the tricuspid valve would be ___
deoxygenated
Which of the following terms describes the lowering of a body part?
depression
Where in the skin are hair follicles located?
dermis
the middle stratum of the skin; also called the corium
dermis
freely movable joints
diarthroses
Peyer's patches protect the body against harmful invaders that enter through the ____.
digestive tract
This medication helps reduce excess water in the body.
diuretic
Diverticulosis is a condition in which small pouches (diverticula) are present in the wall of the colon. If these pouches become inflamed, the condition is called ____.
diverticulitis
A medical term for a black-and-blue or purplish bruise caused by ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin is _____.
ecchymosis
A(n) ____ uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures.
echocardiogram
Which of the following terms describes the raising of a body part?
elevation
The innermost layer of the heart that lines the four chambers and covers the valves of the heart is called the ___.
endocardium
outermost layer of skin
epidermis
The densely packed cells of ____ not only cover the surface of the body, but also line internal organs and cavities.
epithelial tissues
The liver filters blood and serves as a storehouse for healthy ____.
erythrocytes
red blood cells
erythrocytes
The ability of a skeletal muscle to receive and respond to a nerve impulse is known as ____.
excitability
The ribs that attach to the cartilage of the ribs above them are called ____.
false ribs
The term phalanges refers to the bones of the ____.
fingers and toes
state in which muscles are flabby, relaxed, or have defective or absent tone
flaccidity
Which of the following is a form of arthritis in which uric acid builds up in the blood, causing joint swelling and pain?
gout
What does a Holter monitor record?
heart rhythms
Which of the following terms describes total paralysis on one side of the body?
hemiplegia
a protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
hemoglobin
the process by which red blood cells are broken down
hemolysis
____ is the study of the structure and function of tissues.
histology
Beta blockers, angiotensin-converting inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers are medications used to treat _________.
hypertension
excessive growth or abnormal enlargement of a muscle
hypertrophy
A scratch test or an intradermal skin test may be done to ____.
identify allergies
An ____ disorder is one that has an unknown cause.
idiopathic
Where do granulocytes contain granules?
in their cytoplasm
The prefix ____ means "between."
inter
an abnormally raised, thickened scar
keloid
a fibrous, water-repellent protein found in skin, hair, and nails; makes up the epidermis
keratin
white blood cells
leukocytes
fibrous cords of tissue that connect bone to bone
ligament
The half-moon-shaped white area at the proximal end of the nail is called the ___.
lunula
a small, flat, discolored lesion on the skin; freckle
macule
What is a sphygmomanometer used for?
measuring blood pressure
Which substance is responsible for the skin's pigmentation or color?
melanin
Degeneration or deterioration of muscle tissue is called ____.
myolysis
Which medical term best describes the condition of: rupture or tearing of a muscle.
myorrhexis
A pathogen that does not cause disease unless the immune system is weakened is ____.
opportunistic
a disease-causing microorganism
pathogen
The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is called the _____.
pericardium
The ____ is the sheath of connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers.
perimysium
round, pinpoint spots on the skin caused by intradermal hemorrhage
petechiae
Lymph differs from blood in that it does not contain erythrocytes or ____.
platelets
the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back again
pulmonary circulation
The marrow inside cancellous bone produces ____.
red blood cells
An antipruritic is a drug used to ____.
relieve itching
Which of the following describes the elimination of wrinkles through surgical removal of facial skin?
rhytidectomy
Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function as a result of aging is called _____.
sarcopenia
Which of the following is a contagious, parasitic infection of the skin?
scabies
the structure that divides the heart into left and right sections, creating a double pump; separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart
septum
Where does electrical current conduction in the heart begin?
sinoatrial node
Which of the following is an example of a bone depression?
sinus
The xiphoid process is part of the ____.
sternum
the deepest layer of skin, which connects the skin to the surface muscles
subcutaneous layer
The joints between cranial bones are called ____.
sutures
immovable joint
synarthroses
the movement of blood from the heart to all parts and systems of the body
systemic circulation
A measurement of blood pressure while the heart ventricles are contracting is called ____.
systolic pressure
fibrous cords of tissue that connect muscle to bone
tendon
A state of sustained muscular contraction is called _____.
tetany
Which type of anemia is a genetic disorder in which the body produces less hemoglobin than normal?
thalassemia
blood platelets
thrombocytes
The medial bone in the lower extremity, distal to the femur, is the shinbone or the _____.
tibia
Why might an injured spleen have to be removed?
to prevent bleeding to death
Which of the following is an example of a bone process?
tubercle
hives with localized swelling and itching
urticaria
This medication narrows blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.
vasoconstrictor
blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
veins
the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the rest of the body
ventricles
After delivering oxygen, blood travels through tiny blood vessels called ____ and then into the veins.
venules
loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin, creating the appearance of milky-white patches
vitiligo
Sweat is mostly composed of ____.
water
The ____ bones are the cheekbones.
zygomatic